血管支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的研究血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法对27例症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者行血管腔内成形术。结果27例患者中,24例成功置入冠脉支架,术后即刻造影显示狭窄程度为(8±4)%,较术前(80±19)%改善明显。2例因支架置入困难改行经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)。平均随访18个月。25例患者术后短暂性脑缺血发作均未发生。无责任血管区新发脑梗死。1例支架置入后3h发生再灌注性脑出血。1例支架脱落后于颈内动脉虹吸部,后用抓捕器取出。1例支架置入术后6个月发生再狭窄。结论经皮血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的一种较安全有效的方法。长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

Wingspan支架治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的疗效及随访

目的 观察Gateway-Wingspan支架系统治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性,以及防治再次脑卒中的疗效.方法 应用Gateway-Wingspan支架系统治疗药物治疗无效的症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者36例(38处),其中择期手术32例,急诊手术4例.38处狭窄中22处位于后循环,16处位于前循环.结果 术前平均狭窄程度...     

症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的Wingspan支架成形术

目的 评价Gateway-Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的安全性、可行性及近期疗效.方法 应用Gateway-Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗17例症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者,观察支架置入前后症状、狭窄率改善、手术成功率及并发症发生情况,术后平均随访5个月.结果 17处病变,其中位于颈内动脉颅内段5处,大脑中动脉5处,椎动脉颅内段4处,基底动脉3处.16处病变经Gateway球囊预扩张后支架成功准确释放.1例因Gateway球囊无法到达靶病变,支架直接定位后释放.支架成功率100%.治疗前平均狭窄率为82%,治疗后残余平均狭窄率为43%.术后平均随访5个月,4例一过性缺血发作(TIA)患者未再次发作;12例卒中患者症状均有明显改善.1例发生并发症,考虑为对侧半球梗死.未发生出血性并发症.结论 采用Gateway-Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄有良好的安全性与短期疗效.     

经皮血管内球囊扩张及支架置入术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的：探讨症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的血管内治疗适应证、技术可行性及疗效。方法：回顾性分析自1997年3月至2001年10月收治的经血管内方法治疗的症状性大脑中动脉狭窄14例患者的技术成功率、并发症以及临床疗效，14例患者中9你是2001年以前的病例，单纯采用血管内球囊扩张术，而2001年5例患者全部采取血管内支架成形术。结果：采用球囊扩张的9例患者成功扩张5例，从术前平均狭窄67％扩张到术后的18％，2例由于球囊到位困难而放弃，2例患者出现与技术有关的严重并发症。该5例手术成功的患者，经过平均21个月随访，症状消失2例，所有患者随访期间病情平稳，无卒中发生。5例近期使用冠状动脉支架置入患者，4例成功，术后即刻造影显示狭窄程度从术前的平均85％下降到术后的平均10％，大脑中动脉血流明显增加。1例在支架到位后出现血管破裂。短期随访无卒中再发作（3-5个月）。结论：经皮球囊血管成形术以及支架置入术对于症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的治疗有效，技术可行。支架血管内成形术虽然刚刚起步，更有发展潜力，需要进一步的实践和临床随访。     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的：探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的可行性及疗效。材料和方法：对27例症状性颅内动脉狭窄行血管内支架成形术,其中颈内动脉颅内段狭窄8例、大脑中动脉狭窄11例、基底动脉狭窄1例和椎动脉颅内段狭窄7处。结果：27例中,支架成形术成功26例(96．3%),狭窄程度从术前76．3±10．1%降至术后8．2±6．9%。其中1例因颈内动脉虹吸段过度迂曲导致支架植入失败,2例术后24h内发生颅内出血,1例术后发生支架内血栓再形成,无手术死亡。22例随访0．5～1a(平均7．5个月),无缺血性脑卒中发生。结论：血管内支架成形术是治疗颅内动脉狭窄的有效方法,具有较高的成功率及一定的安全性,但长期疗效有待于进一步随访。     

支架成形术及药物治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的随机对照研究

目的 比较单纯药物治疗及药物联合支架治疗症状性大脑中动脉重度狭窄的疗效.方法 采用单中心、随机、对照、前瞻性研究,将34例症状性大脑中动脉狭窄≥70％的患者随机分为药物治疗组(药物组)18例和药物联合支架治疗组(支架组)16例,并进行12个月以上的随访,终点事件为狭窄动脉供血区出现脑卒中.结果 支架组与药物组均无出血性脑卒中发生.随访期内,药物组18例中发生狭窄侧大脑中动脉供血区再发脑梗死5例(27.78％),3例发生大脑中动脉闭塞(16.67％,其中2例为无症状性闭塞),支架组未发生支架侧脑梗死,12个月时复查DSA无支架内再狭窄或闭塞.支架组缺血性脑卒中复发率低于药物组(P＜ 0.05).结论 选择性的支架治疗对预防缺血性脑卒中的复发可能较单纯药物治疗更为有效.     

经皮血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄

目的探讨经血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的适应证、疗效及安全性。方法应用经皮血管内支架成形术对13例经内科药物治疗无效的症状性椎基底动脉狭窄进行治疗。结果13例患者术前狭窄为(76.15±15.11)%,术后狭窄为(3.69±3.04)%。围手术期无并发症,术后无缺血性脑卒中发作,随访8~12个月,10例症状完全消失,2例症状较术前明显好转,偶尔有头晕,1例症状改善(DSA显示多段狭窄,左侧大脑后动脉闭塞,小脑后下动脉显影差)。结论症状性椎基底动脉狭窄患者,内科治疗无效时,经皮血管内支架成形术是一种安全有效的微创治疗手段,可以缓解椎基底动脉狭窄患者的脑缺血症状,预防脑卒中的发生。     

急诊血管成形及支架植入术治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞

目的 评估急诊血管支架成形术治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞的可行性、有效性及安全性.方法 回顾分析2008年8月至2011年5月收治的12例行急诊支架开通术的急性大脑中动脉闭塞患者.在支架植入术后对再通结果进行TIMI评分,并对术中及术后并发症、治疗前后的神经功能进行评估.术后3个月进行随访.结果 12例患者在大脑中动脉支架植入术后随即进行DSA造影,结果显示血流均达到部分或完全再通(TIMI:2和3).1例患者在术后当天因大脑中动脉再次闭塞而死亡.随访中9例患者预后较好(mRS:0 ～2),2例患者预后欠佳.术后CTA及MRA随访显示11例患者中有2例血管再发轻度狭窄.结论 急诊行血管支架成形术治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞可行,有较高再通率,且安全有效.     

症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄支架植入术后血流动力学研究

目的 探讨症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者接受颅内支架植入术前后脑血流动力学变化.方法 回顾成功实施颅内支架植入术的39例症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者基线资料,对采用经颅多普勒超声检测术前、术后1周、术后3个月大脑中动脉狭窄段收缩期峰值流速(PSV)和脉动指数(PI)进行分析,比较手术前后病变血管血流动力学变化.结果 39例患者中1例术后狭窄改善不明显,38例动脉平均管径狭窄率由治疗前(80.3±8.5)％改善为术后即刻(16.3±9.2)％(P=0.011).术后1周、术后3个月大脑中动脉狭窄段PSV与术前比较有明显降低(P=0.023),PI也较术前明显降低(P=0.028).术后3个月时2例患者平均PSV回复升高31％～39％;术后3个月与术后1周比较,平均PSV略有升高(P=0.129),PI稍有增高(P=0.115),但差异无统计学意义.结论 症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者接受颅内支架植入术后短期内脑血流得到有效增加,长期血流改善程度有待观察.     

Wingspan stent for symptomatic M1 stenosis of middle cerebral artery

Objective

Stent placement for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis has become an alternative treatment technique; however, stent placement for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis remains a technical and clinical challenge. Our purpose was to assess the safety and feasibility of Wingspan stent for patients with symptomatic M1 stenosis, and its initial effect on prevention of ischemic events.

Methods

Fifty-three cases with recurrent symptomatic MCA stenosis resistant to medical therapy treated by self-expanding stent were reviewed retrospectively (average 58 ± 18.5 years old, 19 women). All patients underwent angioplasty and stenting with the Gateway balloon–Wingspan stent system, and advised follow-up with DSA or TCD at 6th month.

Results

Patients had an average stenosis ratio of 76.5 ± 15.4% prior to the treatment. Of the 53 patients, the technical success rate was 98.1% as a whole (52/53). The mean degree of stenosis reduced from (76.5 ± 15.4)% to (18.2 ± 11.3)%. Complications associated with the procedure include subarachnoid hemorrhage (1.89%) and occlusion (3.78%) occurred. During a follow-up of 6 months, there was no recurrence of transient ischemic attack or stroke in 52 cases with successful stenting. Cerebral hemodynamics of MCA using transcranial Doppler monitoring were at normal level (<120 cm/s) in 41 follow-up patients. The follow up angiography at 6 month post-procedure was conducted in 32 patients and showed good patency in stented vessels.

Conclusions

Wingspan stent for symptomatic stenosis of middle cerebral artery is a safe and feasible procedure. It improves clinical outcome in the intermediate follow up, but its long-term effect remains to be further evaluated.     

Statistical parametric mapping and statistical probabilistic anatomical mapping analyses of basal/acetazolamide Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT for efficacy assessment of endovascular stent placement for middle cerebral artery stenosis

Introduction Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and statistical probabilistic anatomical mapping (SPAM) were applied to basal/acetazolamide Tc-99m ECD brain perfusion SPECT images in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis to assess the efficacy of endovascular stenting of the MCA. Methods Enrolled in the study were 11 patients (8 men and 3 women, mean age 54.2 ± 6.2 years) who had undergone endovascular stent placement for MCA stenosis. Using SPM and SPAM analyses, we compared the number of significant voxels and cerebral counts in basal and acetazolamide SPECT images before and after stenting, and assessed the perfusion changes and cerebral vascular reserve index (CVRI). Results The numbers of hypoperfusion voxels in SPECT images were decreased from 10,083 ± 8,326 to 4,531 ± 5,091 in basal images (P = 0.0317) and from 13,398 ± 14,222 to 7,699 ± 10,199 in acetazolamide images (P = 0.0142) after MCA stenting. On SPAM analysis, the increases in cerebral counts were significant in acetazolamide images (90.9 ± 2.2 to 93.5 ± 2.3, P = 0.0098) but not in basal images (91 ± 2.7 to 92 ± 2.6, P = 0.1602). The CVRI also showed a statistically significant increase from before stenting (median 0.32; 95% CI −2.19–2.37) to after stenting (median 1.59; 95% CI −0.85–4.16; P = 0.0068). Conclusion This study revealed the usefulness of voxel-based analysis of basal/acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT after MCA stent placement. This study showed that SPM and SPAM analyses of basal/acetazolamide Tc-99m brain SPECT could be used to evaluate the short-term hemodynamic efficacy of successful MCA stent placement.     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的　总结血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效和初步经验。方法　对2 0例药物治疗无效的、反复短暂性缺血发作 (TIA)或有明显脑缺血症状的大脑中动脉狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术。术后常规给予抗血小板治疗 ,血管造影及TCD、SPECT进行影像学随访。结果　狭窄的血管均成功地进行扩张 ,术前术后狭窄程度分别为 (78.3± 4 .7) %与 (15 .6± 4 .4 ) % ,术后残余狭窄程度均小于 3 0 %。临床随访无TIA或脑梗死再发 ,DSA随访无血管再狭窄发生 ,经颅多普勒超声 (TCD)、SPECT检查显示脑血流明显改善。 1例发生大脑中动脉破裂出血。结论　血管内支架成形术治疗大脑中动脉狭窄是安全、有效的 ;长期疗效有待于进一步观察     

颅内动脉硬化狭窄Wingspan支架成形穿支卒中的临床研究

目的 分析颅内动脉硬化狭窄Wingspan支架成形治疗穿支卒中(perforator stroke,PS)的发生概率、临床特点、高危因素及防治策略.方法 根据研究的入选标准:(1)年龄＞18岁;(2)180 d内发生过颅内靶动脉狭窄相关的临床缺血事件,包括短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、卒中和后循环供血不足;(3)TIA事件后＞24h或小卒中[美国国立卫生研究院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)＜9分]后时间＞1周,或大卒中(NIHSS≥9分)后时间＞6周;(4) DSA显示病变血管狭窄率为70％～ 99％.排除标准:非动脉粥样硬化性狭窄及不能耐受手术者.本组258例症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄患者入选,并行Gateway球囊-Wingspan支架成形治疗,记录围手术期临床和影像表现.患者中男175例、女83例,年龄26～80岁,平均(58±7)岁.以NIHSS≥1分,并排除主干及边支血管闭塞、颅内出血等原因作为PS诊断标准,统计不同部位病变PS的发生率,采用x2检验对比分析基底动脉和大脑中动脉M1段的PS的发生率,总结其高危因素及防治策略.结果 本组258例患者255例成功实施支架成形,围手术期PS发生率2.7％ (7/255),其中病变累及基底动脉的66例患者中4例发生PS(发生率6.1％),118例大脑中动脉狭窄患者中3例发生PS(发生率2.5％),两者相比差异有统计学意义(x2=2.320,P=0.025).7例围手术期发生PS的病例中,3例患者术前MRI示狭窄局部穿支卒中(PIAS),1例大脑中动脉球囊扩张后出现动脉夹层;6例患者全身麻醉清醒后即出现PS症状,1例于术后3h出现症状;1例症状反复并进行性加重,6例即刻PS症状达到高峰.3个月后随访,3例患者遗留残疾,改良Rankin量表评分(mRS)2例1分、1例2分.结论 颅内动脉硬化支架成形术PS发生率较低、临床预后较好,术前临床、影像等提示PIAS为围手术期PS的高危因素.     

症状性锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞的介入治疗

目的评价症状性锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞介入治疗方法。方法32例锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞,其中锁骨下动脉狭窄19例,闭塞13例。27例有上肢缺血,7例伴头部缺血。应用导丝开通,PTA及内支架置入方法进行治疗。结果28例开通成功。术中发生脑梗死1例。单纯PTA治疗3例,1例上肢缺血症状部分好转。24例置入内支架后症状、体征明显改善。18例有锁骨下动脉窃血征象,术后16例消失。27例随访2～80个月,平均(29.5±21.0)个月。术后9个月闭塞2例,1例PTA后再获通畅。术后12个月闭塞1例,改行外科手术治疗。1例大动脉炎于术后9个月死于心功能衰竭。余在随访期内均无症状再发,超声Dopplor检查均通畅。结论介入方法可有效治疗症状性锁骨下动脉狭窄、闭塞。     

High resolution MR imaging in patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis

Purpose

High resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) has been used as an imaging modality to depict the intracranial artery wall. The aim of this study was to compare images of the vessel wall between symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic plaques of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using HRMRI.

Materials and methods

From September 2009 to August 2010 we prospectively screened consecutive patients for MCA stenosis using time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography. We studied 14 patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis and 16 patients with asymptomatic MCA stenosis. The HRMRI protocol included three different scans: T1-, T2-, and proton density (PD)-weighted black blood MRI. The cross-sectional images of the MCA wall on HRMRI were compared between the two groups based on the degree of stenosis, remodeling ratio, outward or inward remodeling, plaque signal intensity, plaque surface irregularity, and presence of an intact inner wall.

Results

The degree of MCA stenosis and the ratio of plaque thickening to patent lumen in the symptomatic group were significantly higher than in the asymptomatic group. Outward remodeling of the stenotic area in symptomatic group was significantly higher than that seen in the asymptomatic group, and the reverse was true for inward remodeling of the stenotic area (it was significantly higher in the asymptomatic group compared to the symptomatic group). T2- and PD-weighted high signal foci, eccentric wall thickening, and plaque volume in the stenotic area were all similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

HRMRI has the potential to distinguish between atherosclerotic plaques in symptomatic and asymptomatic MCA stenoses.     

Stent fracture in revascularization for symptomatic ostial vertebral artery stenosis

Introduction We assessed the long-term follow-up examinations and complications of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) for symptomatic ostial vertebral artery (VA) stenosis. Methods A retrospective study was done to evaluate 12 patients with symptomatic ostial VA stenosis who underwent PTAS. Six patients were treated with the Palmaz stent and six with a balloon-expandable coronary stent. Initial angiographic follow-up examination was conducted about 12 months after PTAS in all patients. Simple radiographic, ultrasonographic and clinical follow-up examinations were scheduled every 6 months. Results Excellent dilatation was achieved in all patients without any procedural complications. Initial angiographic follow-up obtained at a mean of 13 months after PTAS detected no restenosis. However, an asymptomatic severe restenosis was detected at 24 months after PTAS in one patient (8%). During a mean follow-up of 31.5 months, three stent fractures were detected in deployed coronary stents (50%). None of the stent fractures was associated with either recurrent stroke or restenosis. No patients developed recurrent symptoms during the follow-up period. Conclusion PTAS for symptomatic ostial VA stenosis is effective in preventing recurrent stroke. As the open-cell single-joint type of stent is associated with the risk of fracture, long-term follow-up examinations including simple radiography are needed.