275例哈萨克族高血压患者AGTR2基因变异对卡托普利和阿替洛尔降压效果的影响

目的 探讨新疆哈萨克族血管紧张素转移蛋白受体2基因(angiotensin Ⅱ receptor 2,AGTH2)rs1403543与阿替洛尔和卡托普利作用下血压及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)之问的关系.方法 将400例新诊断的哈萨克族原发性高血压患者随机分为2组,分别给予阿替洛尔和卡托普利治疗3周,采用LDR-PCR测序分型技术进行基因分型,观察不同基因型组在两药治疗前后血压(Blood pressure,BP)、血浆肾素活性(Benin,A1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngiotensinⅡ,AⅡ)、醛固酮(Aldosterone,ALD)水平等的变化.结果 卡托普利组和阿替洛尔组治疗前后血压(Blood pressure,BP)和ALD均无显著性变化,两治疗组A Ⅱ降低(P＜0.05),卡托普利组降低大于阿替洛尔组6.29 pg/mL;AGTB2基因rs1403543各基因型间治疗前后BP,AI,AⅡ和ALD变化无显著性差异.结论 本研究没有发现新疆哈萨克族原发性高血压患者AGTR2基因rs1403543变异与卡托普利和阿替洛尔作用下血压、肾素、血管紧张素或者醛固酮水平变化之间的显著性关联.     

比索洛尔对原发性高血压患者肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统及血管内皮功能的影响

目的研究比索洛尔的降压疗效及其对肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统及血管内皮功能的影响.方法对72例初诊原发性高血压病人口服比索洛尔4周.观察治疗前后诊室血压及血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、内皮素和一氧化氮浓度的变化.结果比索洛尔治疗4周后,诊室收缩压和舒张压的下降幅度分别为16.2mm Hg和7.6mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)(P＜0.01);肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮降低,一氧化氮水平升高(P＜0.05);而内皮素、一氧化氮/内皮素比值无明显变化.结论比索洛尔能够有效的抑制肾素、血管紧张素、醛固酮系统及改善血管内皮功能,达到降低血压和保护靶器官的目的.     

高龄非杓型高血压患者睡前缬沙坦治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨高龄非杓型高血压患者睡前给予缬沙坦治疗,血压昼夜节律、血压晨峰现象和血浆肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)活性的变化。方法入选经降压治疗偶测血压正常,24 h动态血压监测昼夜节律为非杓型的高龄老年原发性高血压患者86例,睡前给予口服缬沙坦80 mg,2周后复查24 h动态血压,观察昼夜血压变化、血压晨峰值,并比较干预前后血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮水平。结果睡前缬沙坦80 mg干预2周后有61.6%患者血压恢复杓型曲线,与干预前比较,干预后的夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压和血压晨峰值明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009,P=0.043,P=0.003),且血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ水平显著升高(P=0.001,P=0.002),醛固酮水平明显降低(P=0.004)。结论高龄非杓型高血压患者睡前给予缬沙坦治疗可改善血压昼夜节律的异常,减少血压晨峰现象,抑制RAAS的激活。     

福辛普利对原发性高血压患者降压作用和对内皮功能的影响

目的评价福辛普利对轻、中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效,以及对原发性高血压患者内皮功能和肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)影响的机制.方法60例原发性高血压患者,随机分为福辛普利组30例和吲哒帕胺组30例.观察治疗前与治疗后6周,诊所血压(CBP)、血浆一氧化氮、内皮素、肾素活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮浓度变化,并对CBP和RAS、血压水平与内皮功能之间的相关性进行分析.结果治疗后2组血压水平显著下降,福辛普利组收缩压从160士14mmHg降至149±13mmHg,舒张压从96±7mmHg降至84±6mmHg,吲哒帕胺组收缩压从161±16mmHg降至154±14mmHg,舒张压从94±6mmHg降至85±7mmHg,差异有极显著性(P均＜0.001).福辛普利组血浆一氧化氮升高,肾素活性上升,内皮素下降,血管紧张素Ⅱ下降,醛固酮下降,差异有极显著性(P均＜0.001),吲哒帕胺组上述参数未见明显变化(P均＞0.05).结论福辛普利对于轻、中度原发性高血压患者疗效显著,福辛普利降压同时能改善动脉内皮功能,降低RAS活性.     

老年原发性高血压患者动态血压参数与部分体液因素的相关性研究

目的观察老年原发性高血压患者动态血压参数与血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ及醛固酮的相关性及其临床意义。方法将162例患者分为A纽82例（〉60岁）,B组80例（〈60岁）,采用放射免疫法检测162例原发性高血压患者的血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ及醛固酮水平,同时测定24h动态血压,进行相关分析。结果（1）老年高血压具有是脉压增大,波动性大,晨峰高血压现象及并发症多的特点;（2）A组血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ及醛固酮水平明显高于B组;（3）血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ及醛固酮与老年高血压的特点,特别是脉压增大、波动性大、晨峰高血压现象有关。结论老年原发性高血压患者血浆肾素和血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度升高,提示血浆肾素、血管紧张素一醛固酮系统对老年原发性高血压心血管系统有影响,导致老年原发性高血压患者血压特征性的变化,血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮的测定可作为老年原发性高血压患者病情监测及治疗指标之一。     

氯沙坦对高血压病患者血浆肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮的影响

目的 观察氯沙坦治疗轻中度高血压病（ＥＨ）的临床疗效及对血浆肾素、血管紧张素－醛固酮的影响。方法 对３０例轻中度高血压患采取半卧位测收缩压／舒张压ｍｍＨｇ。每天口服氯沙坦５０ｍｇ。在治疗前及服药４周后测血浆肾素,血管紧张素,醛固酮。结果服药４周后收缩压／舒张压下降,Ｐ〈０．０５。血浆肾素,血浆肾素,血管紧张素Ⅱ升高。结论 氯沙坦５０ｍｇ治疗轻中度高血压病病人疗效确切,而血浆ＡｎｇⅡ、ＰＲＡ升高     

原发性高血压血管紧张素转化酶基因I/D多态性与厄贝沙坦降压疗效及血浆肾素血管紧张素-醛固酮系统水平的相关性

目的分析原发性高血压(EH)ACE基因I/D多态性与厄贝沙坦降压疗效及血浆肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)水平的相关性。方法纳入云南汉族、白族及傣族EH患者450例,检测ACE基因多态性,根据基因型进行分组,所有患者给予厄贝沙坦治疗8 w后评估降压疗效,监测治疗前后血浆RAAS活性的变化。结果 EH患者中ACE基因I/D多态性分布与种族无明显关系(P>0.05);不同基因型中厄贝沙坦降压疗效、治疗前后血浆RAAS活性降低程度具有差异性,表现为DD型>ID型>Ⅱ型;采用Logistic回归分析治疗有效率的影响因素,血管紧张素Ⅱ活性改变与治疗有效率呈正相关(OR值1.038)。结论 ACE I/D多态性可能是影响EH患者对厄贝沙坦降压反应的重要指标,通过调节血管紧张素Ⅱ活性形成。     

原发性高血压患者健康子女血浆RAAS活性分析

2003年1～11月，我们测定了原发性高血压患者健康子女的血浆肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(ATⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)浓度，以了解原发性高血压家族史对其健康子女肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的影响，探讨其在原发性高血压病发病中的意义。     

硝普钠与普萘洛尔降压对肾素-血管紧张素系统的影响

目的:通过比较硝普钠(SNP)和SNP合用普萘洛尔(PRO)时的降压效果和对肾素-血管紧张素系统的影响,寻求更为安全可靠的降压方法.方法:将16例动脉导管未闭患者随机分为两组:A组单纯用SNP降压;B组合用SNP和PRO降压.监测术中收缩压、舒张压、平均压和心率,并在多个时点测定血浆肾素活性和血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度.结果:给SNP前两组收缩压、舒张压、平均压、心率以及血浆肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度均无显著性差异.给SNP期间,两组收缩压、舒张压和平均压均显著下降,A组心率显著增快;而B组心率无显著变化.停SNP后A组收缩压、舒张压和平均压均显著高于给SNP前水平,心率恢复到给SNP前的水平,B组收缩压、舒张压和平均压均显著高于给SNP前水平,心率仍无显著性变化.A、B两组给SNP的时间无显著差异,但A组SNP的给药速度显著高于B组,SNP的用量也显著高于B组.同给SNP前相比,给SNP后A组血浆肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度均显著增高;而B组血浆肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度均无显著性变化.结论:PRO可抑制SNP引起的反射性心率增快和血浆肾素活性、血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度增高作用,从而减少了SNP的给药速度和用量,使其速度维持在安全范围内,这样就能够有效地避免其毒副作用.     

缬沙坦治疗轻中度原发性高血压的临床研究

目的：了解缬沙坦对降压效果及其对肾素血管紧张素系统、醛固酮及内皮素水平的影响。方法：３３例轻中度原发性高血压患者口服缬沙坦（商品名代文，北京诺华制药厂生产）８０￣１６０ｍｇ，口服每日１次，总疗程６周，治疗前后分别监测动态血压，放免法测血浆肾素活性（ＰＲＡ）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）、醛固酮（Ａｌｄｏ）和内皮素（ＥＴ）水平。结果：观察组治疗后偶测血压和动态血压均显著降低，收缩压与舒张压降压效应的谷／     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。