腰椎黄韧带骨化并椎管狭窄

黄韧带骨化可见于脊柱各节段，临床相关报道均集中于颈椎及胸椎，腰椎黄韧带骨化较少提及。与胸椎黄韧带骨化的起因不同，腰椎黄韧带骨化多为腰椎管狭窄症中黄韧带增生、肥厚及钙盐沉着为特征的一种退行性变，严重者易导致不可逆性重度椎管狭窄。自2000年7月至2006年10月共收治该类患者5例，本文就其临床表现、影像学特征、治疗方法等问题进行探讨。     

黄韧带剥离法治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症

采用黄韧带剥离法治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症３９例，经术后平均２个１０个月的随访，优２８例，良９例，可２例，无差级病例，优良率９５％。本手术的特点是潜行剥离切除椎板下及侧隐窝黄韧带，达到椎管扩大减压之目的。手术能做到减压彻底，骨性结构破坏小，利于病人的术后康复及脊柱的稳定。     

单节段黄韧带骨化引起腰椎管狭窄的手术治疗

目的探讨保留腰椎板上1/3椎管减压术对黄韧带骨化性病变引起腰椎管狭窄症的手术疗效。方法对68例黄韧带骨化性病变引起的腰椎管狭窄并进行了保留腰椎板上1/3椎管减压术,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术前JOA评分平均(10.3±4.1)分,恢复到术后平均(22.3±5.8)分,恢复率为(63.8±22.4)%,未见神经功能恶化及腰椎不稳发生,临床疗效满意。结论保留腰椎板上1/3椎管减压术是一种治疗黄韧带骨化性病变引起的腰椎管狭窄症合理的术式。     

下胸椎黄韧带骨化症合并腰椎管狭窄症的诊断与一期外科治疗

目的 探讨下胸段胸椎黄韧带骨化症合并腰椎管狭窄症的诊断和治疗特点.方法 2007年3月至2009年3月,治疗下胸段胸椎黄韧带骨化症合并腰椎管狭窄症患者11例,男4例,女7例;年龄42～71岁,平均56岁;病程6～72个月,平均42个月.所有病例均一期完成胸椎管后壁切除减压、腰椎后路减压、植骨融合内固定术.术前和末次随访时行视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、Cobb角测量,评价患者腰背疼痛、神经功能及胸腰段角度变化.结果 手术时间200～450 min,平均273 min;术中出血量600～1800 ml,平均954 ml;术中出现脑脊液漏2例.11例患者均获得完整随访,随访时间13～36个月,平均23.7个月.术前VAS、ODI、胸腰段Cobb角分别为(7.91±0.83)分、66.36%±10.91%、5.91°±0.83°.末次随访时VAS、ODI分别为(2.18±1.90)分和25.45%±12.19%,均较术前有明显改善;Cobb角度为12.18°±3.06°,较术前显著增大,出现病理性后凸.结论 下胸段胸椎黄韧带骨化症临床表现复杂,合并腰椎管狭窄症时容易漏诊.一旦诊断明确可一期行手术治疗,术后效果佳;对于女性骨质疏松患者,建议在行下胸段椎管后壁切除减压的同时行植骨融合内固定,以免造成胸腰段病理性后凸.     

黄韧带骨化与胸椎椎管狭窄症

胸椎椎管狭窄症(thoracic stenosis)系由于发育、退变和/或韧带骨化等因素造成胸椎椎管局部或多节段管腔狭小,压迫相应节段脊髓,并导致脊髓功能障碍。在临床上,胸椎椎管狭窄症并不少见。1黄韧带骨化与胸椎椎管狭窄症基本概念胸椎发育性椎管狭窄发病早期,临床特征性表现较少又不     

胸椎黄韧带骨化性椎管狭窄的影像诊断与治疗

黄韧带骨化 (ossification ofligamentum flavum简称 OL F)是导致胸椎椎管狭窄和脊髓受压症状的主要原因之一。临床上并非少见 ,本文报道 10例经影像诊断和手术病理证实的 OL F性椎管狭窄 ,旨在探讨对其影像诊断价值与治疗。1　临床资料本组男 8例 ,女 2例。年龄 37～ 5 7岁 ,平均 43岁。病程 1年～ 7年 ,平均2 .5年。病变部位中胸椎 T5 ～ T82例 ,下胸椎 (T9～ T1 1 、T1 0 ～ T1 2 L1 ) 7例 ,其中合并 T8,9椎间盘突出 1例。中下胸椎(T5～ 7,T9～ 1 1 ) 1例。临床症状为双下肢行走困难 8例 ,间歇性跛行 8例 ,胸背束带感 6例 ,不同程…     

胸椎黄韧带骨化的CT表现

作者报告１０例有症状的胸椎黄韧带骨化的ＣＴ检查结果。特征性ＣＴ表现有：（１）两侧椎板前缘“Ｖ”形骨化块突入椎管，（２）小关节囊和椎板间也可受累，沿椎板前缘形成广泛的骨化块，（３）椎板硬化增厚，（４）椎弓根短缩，（５）椎管狭窄。讨论了ＣＴ及其他影像对黄韧带骨化的诊断价值。作者认为ＣＴ和／或ＣＴＭ是目前诊断本病的较佳方法，对手术治疗方案的民非常有用。     

腰椎管狭窄症合并黄韧带囊肿1例报道

正患者,男,69岁,主因"腰痛伴左下肢疼痛1年,伴间歇性跛行5个月,加重2个月"于2016年11月7日入院。患者1年前左下肢疼痛,以左臀部及大腿外后侧为重,为间断性钝痛,5个月前出现间歇性跛行,4个月核磁检查:L_(4,5)间盘水平左侧黄韧带内见一小类圆形长T1长T2信号影,边界清晰,硬膜囊受     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症早期误诊10例

骨化的黄韧带可造成胸椎管狭窄,引起脊髓的慢性压迫性损伤,早期诊断和早期治疗尤为重要。笔者对我院2005～2010年期间早期延误治疗的10例胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者进行回顾性分析,以期提高早期诊断水平和改善治疗     

Histology of the ligamentum flavum in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis

The degree of calcification as well as the structural changes of the elastic fibres in the ligamentum flavum in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis were evaluated and the results were compared to those of patients without spinal stenosis. In 21 patients (13 male, 8 female) with lumbar spinal stenosis the ligamentum flavum was removed, histologically processed and stained. The calcification, the elastic/collagenous fibre ratio as well as the configuration of the fibres were evaluated with an image analyzing computer. As a control group, 20 ligaments of 10 human corpses were processed in the same way. The results were statistically analysed using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test (α = 0.05) and the t-test (α = 0.05). Nearly all the ligaments of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were calcified (average 0.17%, maximum 3.8%) and showed relevant fibrosis with decreased elastic/collagenous fibre ratio. There was a significant correlation between age and histological changes (P < 0.05). In the control group we only found minimal calcification in 3 of 20 segments (average 0.015%). No relevant fibrosis was found and the configuration of elastic fibres showed no pathologic changes. The results of this study illustrate the important role of histological changes of the ligamentum flavum for the aetiology of lumbar spinal stenosis. Received: 31 July 1998 Revised: 19 March 1999 Accepted: 12 April 1999     

扩大全椎板切除减压术治疗黄韧带骨化型胸椎管狭窄症

目的探讨后路扩大全椎板切除减压并内固定术治疗黄韧带骨化型胸椎管狭窄症（ossification of ligamentum fLavum-thoracic spinal stenosis,OLF-TSS）的手术方法及治疗效果。方法2004年4月至2010年2月,采用后路扩大全椎板切除减压并内固定术治疗OLF-TSS患者12例,男7例,女5例;年龄40～69岁,平均53岁;病程为40天～3年,平均10.4个月;病变节段为1～3个,平均1.75个。其中1例合并胸椎间盘突出。根据JOA评分标准,术前评分为2～10分,平均（6.75±2.73）分。结果 7例患者获得随访,随访时间为2～8个月,平均4.7个月。术中1例发生硬膜破裂,经修补愈合良好。术后3例出现神经功能下降,术前与术后2周的JOA评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,术前与末次随访的JOA评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。无一例出现其他并发症。结论后路扩大全椎板切除减压并内固定术治疗OLF-TSS安全而有效。     

Thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum caused by skeletal fluorosis

Thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) caused by skeletal fluorosis is rare. Only six patients had been reported in the English literature. This study reports findings from the first clinical series of this disease. This was a retrospective study of patients with thoracic OLF due to skeletal fluorosis who underwent surgical management at the authors' hospital between 1993 and 2003. Diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis was made based on the epidemic history, clinical symptoms, radiographic findings, and urinalysis. En bloc laminectomy decompression of the involved thoracic levels was performed in all cases. Cervical open door decompression or lumbar laminectomy decompression was performed if relevant stenosis was present. Neurological status was evaluated preoperatively, at the third day postoperatively, and at the end point of follow-up using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system of motor function of the lower extremities. A total of 23 cases were enrolled, 16 (69.6%) males and 7 (30.4%) females, age ranging from 42 to 72 years (mean 54.8 years). All patients came from a high-fluoride area, and 22 (95.7%) had dental fluorosis. Medical imaging showed OLF together with ossification of many ligaments and interosseous membranes, including interosseous membranes of the forearm (18/23 patients 78.3%), leg (14/23 patients 60.9%), and ribs (11/23 patients 47.8%). OLF was classified into five types based on MRI findings: localized (4/23 patients 17.4%), continued (12/23 patients 52.2%), skip (3/23 patients 13.0%), combining with anterior pressure (2/23 patients 8.7%), and combining with cervical and/or lumbar stenosis (2/23 patients, 8.7%). Urinalysis showed a markedly high urinary fluoride level in 14 of 23 patients (60.9%). Patients were followed up for an average duration of 4 years, 5 months. Paired t-test showed that the JOA score was slightly but nonsignificantly increased relative to preoperative measurement 3 days after surgery (P = 0.0829) and significantly increased at the end of follow-up (P = 0.0001). In conclusion, Fluorosis can cause ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum, as well as other ligaments. Comparing with other OLF series, a larger number of spinal segments were involved. The diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis was made by the epidemic history, clinical symptom, imaging study findings, and urinalysis. En bloc laminectomy decompression was an effective method.     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术方法选择

目的 探讨不同类型胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术方法.方法 1994年1月至2008年6月,手术治疗56例胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者,男40例,女16例;年龄43～76岁,平均58.1岁;病程3个月至5年,平均13.4个月.通过CT及MR检查观察骨化累及节段、分布特点、骨化巢形态、椎管狭窄程度以及脊髓压迫程度等.患者均采用全椎板整块或分解切除加后外侧融合术进行治疗.术后手术疗效采用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分进行评价.结果 术后患者均获得随访,随访时间18～70个月,平均25个月.JOA评分由术前平均(6.25±2.47)分(0～10分)改善至末次随访时(7.53±3.20)分(0～11分).术后恢复率为-116.7%～100%;56例中优25例,良20例,可6例,差5例,优良率80.4%.CT扫描显示根据骨化巢形态胸椎黄韧带骨化分为外侧型6例,弥漫型17例,厚结节型33例.6例外侧型患者采用整块全椎板切除法,手术优良率为83.3%(5/6);弥漫型患者中,采用整块全椎板切除法11例、椎板分解切除法6例,手术优良率分别为81.8%(9/11)、83.3%(5/6);厚结节型患者中,采用整块全椎板切除法4例、椎板分解切除法29例,手术优良率分别为50%(2/4)、82.8%(24/29),并各有2例术后疗效差.结论 全椎板整块切除加后外侧融合适用于治疗外侧型、弥漫型胸椎黄韧带骨化,而全椎板分解切除法加后外侧融合适用于厚结节型胸椎黄韧带骨化.     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术治疗

黄韧带骨化是导致胸椎管狭窄症的主要原因之一。我院自 1985 - 1999年 12月手术治疗 38例胸椎黄韧带骨化症 ,报道如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 38例中男 2 3例 ,女 15例 ;年龄 2 1～ 68岁 ,平均 5 0岁。病史 2个月～ 7年 ,平均 2年 3个月 ;有明确外伤史 1例 ;合并脊髓     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术治疗

目的探讨胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术治疗效果。方法MRI及CT检查确定病变范围后,手术治疗黄韧带骨化所致胸椎管狭窄症患者12例38个节段（下胸段22个,中胸段6个,上胸段10个）,均采用磨钻加＂揭盖法＂切除椎管后壁减压。结果12例均获随访,时间6～41个月。参照Epstein et al标准评分：优6例,良4例,可2例。结论临床表现结合MRI及CT检查是诊断胸椎黄韧带骨化症的有效手段;用磨钻加＂揭盖法＂切除椎管后壁减压是安全、有效的方法。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化的病理单元及分层八边手术法

目的 描述胸椎黄韧带骨化(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)的病理单元并介绍分层八边法手术,探讨OLF病理单元的意义和分层八边法手术疗效.方法 2002年1月至2007年1月,手术治疗胸椎OLF合并脊髓病患者95例,男61例,女34例;年龄31～78岁,平均53.9岁.上胸段32例,中胸段24例,下胸段39例.单节段骨化53例,双节段骨化38例,三节段骨化4例,共141个OLF节段.用CT三维同步定位像观察脊柱OLF脊柱结构.用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)括约肌功能评分和下肢运动功能评分以及运动功能恢复率评估疗效.结果 CT多平面重建观察骨化黄韧带病理单元共141个.每个病理单元规定为:与OLF所附着的关节突相邻上、下椎弓根下缘延长线之间包含的脊柱所有生理和OLF病理结构.术后随访24～60个月,平均38.3个月.术前感觉障碍及下肢麻木86例,术后完全恢复67例、部分恢复19例;术前束带感69例,均完全恢复.术前括约肌功能JOA评分为(2.262±0.561)分,术后为(2.651±0.334)分;术前运动功能JOA评分为(1.539±0.873)分,术后为(3.694±0.429)分;恢复率平均为87.57%.疗效评价:优71例、良19例、可5例,优良率为94.74%.结论 OLF病理单元更完全、准确地概括OLF的病理结构,分层八边法手术减压充分、安全.