束缚应激对S180荷瘤小鼠Th1/Th2型细胞因子及肿瘤生长的影响

目的:观察束缚应激对荷S180瘤小鼠Th1/Th2型细胞因子及肿瘤生长的影响。方法:取腹腔传代第7天的肿瘤细胞S180,调细 胞密度至1×1010/L,注射于昆明小鼠右腋皮下,每只0.2 mL。接种后束缚限制活动,8 h/d,并设单纯束缚组、单纯肿瘤组和正常对照组。10 d后处死小鼠,剥取肿瘤称瘤重,计算胸腺指数,分别采用MTT比色法和丝裂原激活淋巴母细胞法检测脾T细胞增殖及产生Th1型细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ的能力,并取血清用ELISA法检测Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的含量。结果:束缚应激可明显增加荷瘤小鼠的瘤重(P<0.01),降低小鼠胸腺指数和脾T细胞的增殖能力(P值分别<0.01),降低荷瘤小鼠脾细胞产生IL-2和IFN-γ的能力(P值分别<0.01),并可使小鼠血清IL-4、IL-10的含量明显增加(P值分别<0.01和<0.05)。结论:束缚应激可显著抑制荷瘤小鼠的细胞免疫功能,使产生Th1型细胞因子的功能减弱,Th2型细胞因子的含量增加,导致Th1/Th2细胞的平衡进一步向Th2细胞漂移。这可能是其促进肿瘤生长的重要机制。     

CpG ODN对rHBsAg免疫小鼠Th1/Th2型免疫应答的影响

目的：初步探讨CpC寡脱氧核苷酸(CpG ODN)与重组乙型肝炎表面抗原(rHBsAg)联合免疫小鼠的Th1／Th2型免疫应答效应。方法：BALB／c小鼠经后腿胫骨前肌免疫2次，ELISA法检测血清乙型肝炎表面抗体(抗-HBs)IgG亚类IgG2a/IgG1的比值；生物活性法检测脾细胞诱生上清中的IFN-γ和IL-2含量；ABC-ELISA法检测小鼠血清中IL-4、IL-10及IL-12含量。结果：加CpG ODN组与单独注射rHBsAg组相比：抗-HBs IgG亚类IgG2a／IgG1比值明显高；Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2的表达增强，抑制Th2型细胞因子IL-4和IL-10的产生。结论：CpCODN能够明显增强rHBsAg免疫小鼠Th1型抗体亚类IgG2a的产生，并且诱导Th1型细胞因子的表达，抑制Th2型细胞因子的表达。     

Th1型细胞因子在胶原蛋白诱导性关节炎小鼠血清中的动态变化

目的研究鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白诱导性关节炎(CIA)小鼠血清Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α的动态变化。方法 72只DBA1/J小鼠随机分为正常对照组(每组6只)和模型组(每组12只),分别在加强免疫后第7、14、21、35天,无菌摘眼球取血清,应用流式细胞术检测各组小鼠血清中细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α在关节炎不同时期的动态变化情况。结果模型组IFN-γ在加强免疫后第7天和第14天显著升高(P0.05),加强免疫后第21天、第35天开始下降,与正常组比较无区别(P0.05);模型组IL-2和TNF-α在加强免疫后第7天上升明显,与正常组比较有统计学意义(P0.05),加强免疫后第14、21、35天IL-2和TNF-α逐渐下降,与正常组比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CD4+Th1型细胞因子参与CIA发病全过程,而且在不同的发病阶段其相关细胞因子的变化与关节炎的炎症进展有一定关系。     

全氟化合物与儿童哮喘及Th1/Th2免疫应答平衡相关性研究

目的 采用病例对照探讨全氟化合物(PFAAS)暴露与儿童哮喘及Th1型细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-2,干扰素(IFN)-γ和Th2型细胞因子(IL-4,IL-5)分泌水平的关系.方法 选择231名台北医院就诊的哮喘儿童作为病例组,来自社区的225名自然儿童作为对照组.采用双抗体酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)试剂盒检测儿童血清中细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10的分泌水平;高效液相色谱仪分析血清中全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)水平.结果 哮喘儿童机体PFOS(33.9μg/L比28.9 μg/L)和PFOA(1.2μg/L比0.5 μg/L)暴露负荷显著的高于对照组儿童,且随着机体PFAAs的增高,儿童患有哮喘的风险呈增高趋势.对哮喘儿童而言,血清PFAAs水平与Th1型细胞因子(IL-2,IFN-γ)存在显著的负相关,而与Th2型细胞因子(IL-4,IL-5)呈正相关关系.结论 PFOS暴露可诱导机体免疫应答平衡紊乱,并向Th2型免疫应答极化.     

接种纯化人用狂犬病疫苗对妊娠期Th1/Th2类细胞因子谱的影响

目的研究人用狂犬病纯化疫苗（RV）对妊娠期Th1/Th2类细胞因子谱的影响。方法对所有可疑狂犬病毒暴露者进行RV的全程接种,在接种RV的第0、14、45天时采血并分离外周血单个核细胞与RV进行培养,采用ELISA法检测抗狂犬病病毒抗体,体外培养检测淋巴细胞增殖能力,CBA法检测细胞培养上清液中Th1类细胞因子：干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）以及Th2类细胞因子：IL-4、IL-5、IL-10的水平。结果 17例暴露者于RV全程注射后17d（第45天）抗体检测阳性;RV刺激后,暴露者第45天淋巴细胞增殖能力明显高于第0天（P〈0.05）;当RV刺激后,暴露组第14天、第45天产生IL-2、IL-4、IL-5的含量显著高于未刺激组及暴露组第0天水平（P〈0.05）。结论妊娠期注射RV在刺激机体产生体液免疫的同时,可以有效地诱导Th1/Th2类细胞因子的产生。     

接种纯化人用狂犬病疫苗对Th1/Th2类细胞因子谱的影响

目的 研究人用狂犬病纯化疫苗(RV)对人体抗原特异性Th1/Th2细胞因子谱的影响.方法 对20例暴露者进行RV的全程接种,在开始接种RV的第0天、14天、45天时分别采血并分离人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)与RV进行培养,采用ELISA法检测血清抗狂犬病病毒抗体,体外培养检测淋巴细胞转化增殖能力(MTT法),流式微球分析技术(CBA)法检测细胞培养上清液中Th1类细胞因子(IFN-γ、TNF、IL-2)及Th2类细胞因子(IL4、IL-5、IL-10)的水平.结果 暴露组全程注射RV后,19例于第45天、1例于第60天检测血清抗狂犬病病毒抗体阳性,阳性率100%.RV刺激后,暴露组第14天、第45天淋巴细胞增殖能力显著增高,第45天淋巴细胞增殖能力明显高于第0天(P<0.05);当RV刺激后,暴露组第14天、第45天产生IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5的含量高于未刺激组及暴露组第0天水平(P<0.05);TNF、IL-10的含量各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 RV在刺激机体产生体液免疫的同时,可以诱导机体产生特异性细胞免疫,Th1的免疫应答尤为显著,提示细胞免疫在预防和控制狂犬病病毒感染中发挥重要的协同作用.     

MiR-143在Lewis肺癌小鼠外周血中的表达及其对Th1/Th2平衡的影响

目的 利用小鼠Lewis肺癌移植肿瘤模型探究肺癌疾病进展过程中外周血微小RNA的表达及其对Th1/Th2平衡的调控作用。方法 利用Real-time PCR实验检测血浆中miR-143、miR-217、miR-195和miR-615的表达水平;用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测小鼠外周血血清IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10表达水平,用流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏CD4+IFN-γ+Th1细胞及CD4+IL-4+Th2细胞比例,测量并统计荷瘤小鼠皮下接种部位肿瘤体积及肺部转移性结节;分离小鼠外周血CD4 T细胞,检测转录因子T-bet和GATA3的表达。结果 与Normal组相比,LCC组小鼠外周血血清miR-143表达水平显著上升,miR-217、miR-195和miR-615表达水平没有明显变化。与Normal组相比,LCC组小鼠外周血Th1相关细胞因子表达水平及脾脏Th1细胞比例下降,而Th2相关细胞因子表达水平上升,且Th1/Th2比率显著下降。而Anti-miR-143组Th1相关细胞因子及Th1细胞比例升高,且Th2相关细胞因子比例下降。与LCC组相比,Anti-miR...     

褪黑素体内外对胃癌Th1/Th2/Th17型细胞因子表达的影响

目的 探讨褪黑素（MLT）体内外对胃癌Th1/Th2/Th17型细胞因子干扰素（IFN）-γ、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、白细胞介素（IL）-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17a表达的影响。 方法 1.构建荷胃癌小鼠模型,共32只雄性615小鼠全部荷小鼠前胃癌（MFC）细胞后随机分为4组,分别用0、25、50、100 mg/kg剂量褪黑素进行腹腔注射并测量肿瘤长短径。干预1周后取外周血,剥离肿瘤组织进行称重和测量。2.将MFC接种于6孔细胞培养板中,贴壁24 h后分别用0、2、4、6、8、10 mmol/L浓度褪黑素干预,24 h后形态学观察并收集相应上清液。3.采用ELISA检测外周血清中褪黑素的浓度变化。采用流式液相多重蛋白定量技术流式微珠阵列（CBA）分别检测外周血清、细胞上清液中Th1/Th2/Th17型相关细胞因子的浓度变化。 结果 1.成功建立荷胃癌小鼠模型。与阴性对照组相比, 褪黑素中、高剂量组小鼠外周血清褪黑素浓度明显升高,肿瘤体积明显下降。与阴性对照组相比,中剂量组血清中IL-10浓度明显增加;高剂量组血清IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-10浓度均明显增加。2.褪黑素干预MFC细胞实验中,与空白对照组相比,6、10 mmol/L 褪黑素组中IFN-γ浓度显著降低;4、6、8、10 mmol/L 褪黑素组中IL-6浓度明显降低,而 6 mmol/L 褪黑素组IL-10浓度明显升高。以上差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 褪黑素体内外对胃癌细胞均有抑制作用且可能通过调节Th1/Th2/Th17细胞相关因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6及IL-10的表达起增强肿瘤免疫作用。     

不同剂量配比的实验性甲型肝炎戊型肝炎联合疫苗的免疫原性研究

目的研究实验性甲型肝炎(甲肝)戊型肝炎(戊肝)联合疫苗的免疫原性,探讨两种抗原组分间的相互作用。方法制备9种不同剂量配比的实验性甲戊肝联合疫苗,与单价疫苗对照一起免疫15组(共120只)小鼠,定时采血,以ELISA和中和试验检测抗HAV和抗HEV的抗体。结果高剂量的HAV抗原(5×105U/L)与不同剂量的HEV抗原(200、100、50mg/L)配制的联合疫苗,诱导的抗HAV中和抗体的滴度可达1∶1024,含25×104、125×103U/LHAV抗原的联合疫苗诱导的中和抗体滴度为1∶512,不同剂量的HEV抗原对抗HAV中和抗体的产生均无明显影响。与单价戊肝疫苗相比较,联合疫苗诱导的抗HEV抗体水平均有明显升高,且随联合疫苗中HAV抗原的含量(5×105、25×104、125×103U/L)的增加而升高,HEV抗原的剂量在一定范围内(200、100、50mg/L)与抗HEV抗体产生无明显关系。采用基于逆转录套式PCR的中和试验表明,各联合疫苗组的免疫血清均可中和HEV。结论实验性甲、戊肝联合疫苗内HAV抗原对HEV抗原的免疫原性具有增强作用,而HEV抗原对HAV抗原的免疫原性无明显影响。     

玉屏风散对S180荷瘤小鼠Th1／Th2型细胞因子的影响

目的探讨玉屏风散对荷瘤小鼠Th1／Th2型细胞因子产生的影响。方法采用体外培养S180肉瘤细胞，接种C57BL／6纯系小鼠，建立荷瘤小鼠模型，设正常对照、荷瘤对照及玉屏风散给药组，检测各组脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力及Th1（IL-2、IFN-γ）和Th2（IL-4、IL-10）细胞因子产生水平。结果荷瘤组T细胞增殖能力明显下降，Th2型细胞因子IL-10的产生明显增加，与正常对照组比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．01），而IL-4的含量略有增加，但无统计学意义。Th1型细胞因子IL-2及IFN-γ的产生明显减少，与正常对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。玉屏风散给药对T细胞增殖能力及细胞因子的产生有较为明显的调节作用，与荷瘤组比较T细胞增殖能力及IL-2、IFN-γ的产生明显增加（P〈0．01），Th2型细胞因子IL-10的血清含量下降（P〈0．01）．IL-4的含量略有下降，但与荷瘤对照组比较无统计学意义。结论玉屏风散可有效调节荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能，促进荷瘤鼠Th1型细胞因子的产生，有效纠正荷瘤导致Th1／Th2的失衡，增强机体的抗肿瘤免疫功能。     

Stability of Th1 and Th2 populations

Using an in vitro model for the development of IFN-y-producIng(Th1) and IL-4-produclng (Th1) cells from CD4 T lymphocytesexpressing a transgenlc TCR, we show that IL-12 and IL-4 arethe most potent stimuli for the differentiation of naive T cellsto effector populations. When combinations of cytokines arepresent during T cell priming, the effect of IL-4 Is dominant.Furthermore, differentiated Th1 cells can be converted intoIL-4 producers by exposure to IL-4, but the Th2 phenotype Isnot reversible. The stability of Th2 populations may limit theability to regulate Th2-domlnant responses In pathologic situations.     

The Th1/Th2 paradigm

The Th1/Th2 paradigm provides a useful model for understanding the pathogenesis of several diseases, as well as for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, Sergio Romagnani examines Th1/Th2 polarization in the context of associated pathophysiological conditions.     

Development of Neonatal Th1/Th2 Function

Newborn animals generally mount poor T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. As a result, neonates fall prey to infectious agents and diseases which have little impact on immunocompetent adult animals. For some time, it was believed that this phenomenon was due to an intrinsic inability of newborns to mount developmentally mature Th1 responses. Recent studies in mice have challenged that view; under certain conditions, adult-level Th1 function has been achieved in newborns. More often, however, neonates develop Th2-dominant responses. A major challenge in the field of developmental immunology is to understand why the ‘default’ response for neonates is Th2 function. Cell intrinsic as well as environmental influences may contribute to Th2 skewing in neonates.     

Distribution of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in human peripheral and endometrial T cells

PROBLEM: To examine whether normal pregnancy involves type 2 T-helper (Th2) immune condition or not. METHOD OF STUDY: We measured the percentage of Th0, Th1, and Th2 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios of human peripheral blood and endometrial T cells using flow cytometry, which can analyze both the surface marker CD3, and intracellular cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma). RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the percentages of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in the peripheral blood T cells of nonpregnant women and women in early pregnancy. On the other hand, the percentage of Th1 cells was highest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, followed by the secretory phase and early pregnancy decidua. The percentage of Th2 cells was highest in early pregnancy decidua and lowest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium. The Th1/Th2 ratio was 147.48+/-96.68 during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, 37.74+/-21.33 during the secretory phase, and 1.31+/-0.48 in the early pregnancy decidua. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that Th1 cells predominate in the nonpregnant endometrium, especially during the proliferative phase, while Th2 cells predominate in early pregnancy decidua.     

The paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines

In the past few years, considerable evidence has accumulated to suggest the existence of functionally polarized responses by the CD4⁺ T helper (Th)—and the CD8⁺ T cytotoxic (Tc)—cell subsets that depend on the cytokines they produce. The Th1 and Th2 cellular immune response provide a useful model for explaining not only the different types of protection, but also the pathogenic mechanisms of several immunopathological disorders. The factors responsible for the polarization of specific immune response into a predominant Th1 or Th2 profile have been extensively investigated in mice and humans. Evidence has accumulated from animal models to suggest that Th1type lymphokines are involved in the genesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune uveitis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, data so far available in human diseases favor a prevalent Th1 lymphokine profile in target organs of patients with organ-specific autoimmunity. By contrast, Th2-cell predominance was found in the skin of patients with chronic graft-versus host disease, progressive systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and allergic diseases. The Th1/Th2 concept suggests that modulation of relative contribution of Th1 or Th2-type cytokines regulate the balance between protection and immunopathology, as well as the development and/or the severity of some immunologie disorders. In this review, we have discussed the paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in relation to autoimmunity and allergy.     

Development of neonatal Th1/Th2 function

Newborn animals generally mount poor T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. As a result, neonates fall prey to infectious agents and diseases which have little impact on immunocompetent adult animals. For some time, it was believed that this phenomenon was due to an intrinsic inability of newborns to mount developmentally mature Th1 responses. Recent studies in mice have challenged that view; under certain conditions, adult-level Th1 function has been achieved in newborns. More often, however, neonates develop Th2-dominant responses. A major challenge in the field of developmental immunology is to understand why the 'default' response for neonates is Th2 function. Cell intrinsic as well as environmental influences may contribute to Th2 skewing in neonates.     

Th细胞及其分化调节

幼稚CD4^＋T细胞可分化为Th1和Th2细胞，Th1主要产生IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF，增强吞噬细胞介导的抗感染机制，促进细胞免疫，也在器官特异性自身免疫疾病中起作用；Th2细胞主要产生IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13，促进B细胞增殖、分化和产生抗体，增强B细胞介导的体液免疫应答，在变态反应和机体抗寄生虫免疫中发挥作用。Th细胞分化主要由局部环境中的细胞因子及细胞内关键转录因子调控。转录因子STAT1、STAT4、IRF1和T—bet促使Th1细胞分化；转录因子STAT6、IRF4和GATA-3促使Th2细胞分化。