沙棘果油活性功效因子研究进展

<正>沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)是胡颓子科(Elaegnaceae)酸刺属(Hippophae)的灌木[1]。沙棘通常生长于2 000 m～3 600 m的高海拔地区,可以适应-45 ℃～43 ℃的温度条件[2]。原生沙棘广泛分布于亚洲中西部和欧洲西北部的高寒山区[3],目前在北美地区也分布有人工种植的沙棘[2]。我国的沙棘种植面积为260多万公顷,主要分布于西北、华北、东北和西南部分省区。在传统中药中,沙棘已经有     

大果沙棘果渣黄酮降血脂与抗氧化作用

<正>沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)为胡颓子科(E1aeagnaceae)酸刺属的灌木或小乔木。我国主要分布在西北、华北、东北及西南等十多个省区。     

陕西省部分野生及传统果菜的氨基酸分析

<正> 陕西省地跨温带与亚热带半干旱半湿润地区,植物种类繁多,分布面积广,自然资源丰富,有些野生植物如沙棘、刺梨等已被人们开发利用,并对其中所含营养素进行过分析,但仍有许多具有资源优势的野生果菜未进行过氨基酸分析方面的研究。我们利用Beckman 121MB型氨基酸分析仪,对沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)、猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta     

沙棘多糖对小鼠实验性高脂血症的影响

沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)是胡颓子科多年生灌木,不仅是西部防风固沙生态治理的优选植物,而且具有很高的营养价值[1]。沙棘果汁、沙棘油和沙棘黄酮在调节血脂、抗氧化等方面都有明显疗效[2-4],但对沙棘多糖迄今未见深入研究[5]。本研究采用沙棘果榨汁提油后的果渣及籽渣提取的两种沙棘多糖为材料,观察其降血脂作用。 1 材料与方法1.1 材料1.1.1 动物:清洁级雄性ICR小鼠,体重20 g左右,购自西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司。每笼10～15只,动物房恒温25℃,12 h光照。1.1.2 药品:胆固醇(上海化学试剂公司);胆酸(Fluka公司产品);非诺贝特…     

沙棘营养成分及作用的研究进展

沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides L）是一种营养丰富、药用价值极高的植物。其化学成分主要有维生素类、蛋白质和氨基酸类、油和脂肪酸类、挥发油类、有机酸类、糖类、微量元素类、黄酮类、萜类及甾体类等，在医药、保健、食品及饲料等领域具有广阔的发展前景。本文就沙棘的营养成分、营养作用及机制和应用前景等方面的研究进行综述．     

醋柳果汁的初步研究

醋柳为康藏高原某些地区一种野生植物的果实,1952年西南军区筑路慰问团最先发现于金沙江以西地带,经四川大学生物学系方文培先生鍳定,属胡颓子科Elaeagnace,学名Hippophae rhamnoides L.称沙棘,或称黄酸刺,白酸醋柳。据中国树木分类学记载,产欧亚两洲,我国的冀、晋、陕、川诸省均有分布。经作者们分析后,发现     

沙棘果的营养成分

沙棘果系胡颓子科沙棘Hippophae rhamnoide L的果实。果实呈圆球状、直经约0.5cm,橙红或黄色,表皮有光泽。 沙棘果实的皮、汁、种子分别占全果实重的7.9％;81.9％;10.2％。 果汁中含有多种有机酸、总酸度为3.90％(以柠檬酸计)、其中苹果酸为1.97％、酒石酸0.69％,柠檬酸0.45％,抗坏血酸0.32％、琥珀酸0.28％。草酸0.18％。此外还含有粗蛋白质0.9％、其中八种人体必需氨基酸齐全。维生素也极为丰富,有VB_2、VC、VE、胡萝卜素等。 果皮可提取色素。 种子含油量为9.02％。油的饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸之比为1:5.2。油中含有VE 350.8mg/kg。种子含有粗蛋白质26.06％     

沙棘不同部位重金属含量分析及富集特征

目的探讨砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)在沙棘不同部位中的分布。方法采用微波消解-原子荧光法测定As、Hg、Pb含量。结果沙棘不同营养器官中As、Hg的含量分布规律一致,为叶茎果实,Pb没有明显的规律。结论 As和Hg主要分布在吸收部位,叶受其污染最为严重;果实中重金属含量分布最低。     

用PIXE方法分析沙棘中微量元素

<正> 沙棘在我国分布广泛,特别是山西、陕西、甘肃沙棘资源十分丰富。它的果实可入药,制革,染色,酿酒,做醋,制果酱和高级化装品及各种饮料。其鲜果肉内含有各种维生素和近二十种氨基酸,这些活性物质可治疗多种疾病。在甘肃省科委及中科院兰州分院支持下,用 PIXE 方法分析了沙棘中的无机元素,并用化学试剂提取出黄红色沙棘油,它是医药中十分重要的原料。     

沙棘油对小鼠心肌自由基代谢和超微结构的影响

目的 :　观察沙棘油 ( OHR)对运动小鼠血清 GOT、心肌 SOD、MDA及超微结构的影响。方法 :　 70只雄性 ICR小鼠随机分为六组 :安静对照组、安静沙棘组、训练即刻组、训练即刻沙棘组、训练恢复 2 4小时组和训练恢复 2 4小时沙棘组。经过 6周游泳耐力训练后进行一次力竭性游泳 ,观察了各组小鼠血清谷草转氨酶 ( GOT)、心肌超氧化物歧化酶 ( SOD)、丙二醛 ( MDA)等指标 ,同时还对各组心肌细胞超微结构进行了电镜观察。结果 :　以上各组 GOT除安静对照组与相应沙棘组和训练即刻组与训练恢复组间无显著差异外 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,其余各组间均有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;SOD除安静对照组与相应沙棘组 ,训练即刻沙棘组与训练恢复沙棘组间无显著差异外 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,其余各组间均有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;MDA除训练即刻组与相应沙棘组及恢复组间无显著差异外 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,其余各组间均有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;沙棘组心肌细胞中线粒体、肌浆网、肌丝等结构均比相应对照组完整 ,病变程度比对照组轻。结论 :　沙棘油能改善运动对心肌细胞的损伤 ,提高心肌组织抗自由基氧化的能力 ,同时还对心肌细胞超微结构具有明显保护作用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.