燕麦β-葡聚糖联合Vit-C降血脂降体重作用的实验研究

[目的]探讨燕麦β-葡聚糖联合Vit-C对高脂血症大鼠降血脂降体重作用. [方法]将雄性SD大鼠造成高脂模型,然后按体重随机分为7组,分别喂饲高脂饲料、基础饲料及在高脂实验组加不同剂量的β-葡聚糖及Vit-C共5周.于实验末心脏取血,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、动脉硬化指数(AI),判定其对血脂的影响;测定体重、脂肪含量、肥胖指数(Lee'index),判定其对体重的影响. [结果]燕麦β-葡聚糖联合Vit-C能够降低TC、TG、LDL-C、AI的水平,升高HDL-C的水平;并能够降低大鼠体重、脂肪含量以及肥胖指数. [结论]燕麦β-葡聚糖联合Vit-C具有一定的降血脂、降体重作用.     

富硒竹节人参提取物降血脂及抗氧化作用

目的 观察富硒竹节人参提取物对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂及抗氧化作用的影响.方法 采用高脂饲料喂养大鼠建立高脂血症模型,富硒竹节人参提取物按2,4g/(kg·bw)给大鼠灌胃,1次/d,连续4周.4周后取血测定血脂及抗氧化酶含量.结果 富硒竹节人参提取物高、低剂量组可降低大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),高剂量组作用尤其明显;可使血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力上升,丙二醛((MDA)含量降低,与高脂模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 富硒竹节人参提取物能降低高脂饲料喂养大鼠的血脂水平,提高抗氧化能力,抑制脂质过氧化.     

不同类型n-3 PUFA对大鼠脂联素及血脂血糖的影响

目的研究不同类型n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对大鼠脂联素及血脂、血糖水平的影响。方法 40只雄性Wistar大鼠按体质量随机分成正常脂肪供能比(27%)NF1和NF2,高脂肪供能比(42%)HF1和HF2,共4组。NF1和HF1组饲料添加二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),NF2和HF2组饲料添加α-亚麻酸(ALA),喂养12 w。12 w测定肾周脂肪脂联素m RNA,测定0和12 w血清脂联素,0、4、8和12 w检测血脂和血糖。结果 0 w大鼠各指标无组间差异。12 w,NF1组肾周脂肪脂联素m RNA明显高于NF2(P0.05)。NF1和NF2两组大鼠血清脂联素、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)较0 w均明显升高(P0.05),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均明显降低(P0.05),NF1较NF2组作用更显著(P0.05)。NF1组总胆固醇(TC)较0w显著下降(P0.05)。HF1和HF2两组大鼠脂联素m RNA明显低于NF1组(P0.01),血清脂联素和HDL-C也明显降低(P0.05),空腹血清血糖、LDL-C、TC和甘油三酯(TG)显著升高(P0.05)。结论相对于ALA,正常脂肪供能比时EPA+DHA更能促进大鼠肾周脂肪脂联素m RNA表达,提高血清脂联素和HDL-C含量,降低LDL-C和TC含量。高脂条件下两者作用无差异。     

白子菜总黄酮对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂及肝脏的影响作用研究

目的探讨白子菜总黄酮对高血脂模型大鼠血脂及肝脏的影响。方法采用高脂饲料喂养建立高血脂大鼠模型,以白子菜总黄酮低、中、高三个剂量组灌胃,测定大鼠体重和血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量,通过病理切片观察其对肝脏的影响。结果给予高脂饲料后大鼠血脂显著升高,而白子菜总黄酮高剂量组可以显著降低甘油三酯(TG),减轻模型动物脂肪病变。结论白子菜总黄酮对高脂血症大鼠具有降血脂及抗脂肪肝的作用。     

共轭亚油酸等食物活性成分复配对高脂血症大鼠模型的降血脂作用研究

目的探讨共轭亚油酸、植物甾醇酯、葛根提取物及棕榈油复配后对高脂血症大鼠模型的降血脂作用。方法高脂饲料喂养建立高脂血症大鼠模型,随机分为对照组、模型组、全配方组5.75 g/(kg·bw)、无棕榈油配方组2.75 g/(kg·bw)及棕榈油组3.00 g/(kg·bw),大鼠连续30日灌胃给予后,腹腔主动脉取血,测定各组大鼠的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。结果与对照组相比,高脂血症模型大鼠TC、TG及LDL-C水平显著升高(P0.05),全配方及无棕榈油配方可显著降低模型组大鼠血清TC和TG含量,但对LDL-C和HDL-C无明显影响;棕榈油可有效改善模型大鼠血清TC水平,但血清TG、LDL-C和HDL-C含量无显著变化。结论共轭亚油酸、植物甾醇酯、葛根提取物及棕榈油复配后可有效降低实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂水平,对血脂有着明确的调节作用。     

荞麦对饮食性高脂血症大鼠血脂和血糖改善效果的观察

目的研究荞麦对高脂血症大鼠血脂、血糖的调节作用。方法实验分为对照组、高脂血症模型组和荞麦干预组。对照组正常饮食,高脂血症模型组和荞麦干预组给予高脂饲料造模30 d后,模型组继续喂养,荞麦干预组改用荞麦-高脂混合饲料继续喂养,30 d后,测定各组大鼠血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量以及血糖(GLU)含量,光镜下观察主动脉结构变化。结果荞麦干预组与高脂血症模型组相比,荞麦能使高脂血症大鼠血清中TC含量明显降低(P0.01),有降低LDL-C和GLU含量、升高HDL-C含量的趋势。主动脉观察结果显示,荞麦对高脂血症引起的主动脉结构损伤有一定改善作用。结论食用荞麦对高脂血症大鼠有保护作用。     

不同剂量紫苏油对大鼠血脂水平影响

目的探讨不同剂量紫苏油对大鼠血脂水平和内脏脂肪含量影响。方法 40只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为5组:对照组、高脂组及紫苏油低、中、高剂量组(6%、10%、15%),饲以相应的配方饲料8周;以酶比色法测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平,聚乙烯硫酸沉淀法测定低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,磷钨酸-镁沉淀法测定高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平;取肝脏,分离双侧肾脏周围、附睾周围脂肪垫,分别称重。结果与对照组比较,高脂组大鼠血清TC水平[(1.90±0.37)mmol/L]升高(P0.05);与高脂组比较,紫苏油低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清TC水平[分别为(1.54±0.36)、(1.22±0.14)、(1.34±0.22)mmol/L]均降低(P0.05);与高脂组大鼠血清TG和HDL-C水平[分别为(0.65±0·11)、(0.77±0.12)mmol/L]比较,高剂量紫苏油组大鼠TG和HDL-C水平[分别为(0.44±0.11)、(0.56±0.14)mmol/L]均降低(P0.05);与对照组比较,高脂组及紫苏油低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝系数均升高(P0.05)。结论紫苏油可降低高脂大鼠血清TC水平,但当饲料中紫苏油含量过高时(15%)也会降低大鼠血清HDL-C水平。     

高脂饲料诱导对大鼠血脂的影响

目的比较分析两种不同高脂饲料对大鼠血脂的影响,为建立合理而实用的高脂血症动物模型提供依据。方法 Wistar大鼠30只,按体重随机分为对照组(喂饲基础饲料),高脂配方1组和高脂配方2组,每组各10只,实验期间每周记录一次大鼠体重,每两周检测一次血脂,实验周期为6周。结果高脂饲料诱导6周后,高脂配方1组大鼠的血清总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)分别比对照组升高了1.4倍和2.2倍(P<0.01),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平比对照组降低了22.2%(P<0.01),血清甘油三酯(TG)水平与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);高脂配方2组大鼠的血清TC和LDL-C分别比对照组升高了11.5倍和5.7倍(P<0.01),血清TG和HDL-C水平分别比对照组降低了39.7%和34.6%(P<0.01)。结论两种高脂饲料诱导均可建立大鼠高胆固醇血症模型,但均不能显著升高大鼠血清TG水平。     

蜂胶超微粉对高血脂小鼠脂质代谢的作用

目的探讨蜂胶超微粉对高血脂小鼠脂质代谢的作用。方法以高脂饲料喂养雄性小鼠,建立高血脂模型,观察蜂胶超微粉对小鼠血脂和肝脂质水平、血清和肝脏抗氧化功能的影响及肝指数的变化情况。结果蜂胶超微粉能显著降低高血脂小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、动脉粥样硬化(AS)指数水平;升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度。蜂胶超微粉能降低小鼠肝指数,改善肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并降低肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量。结论蜂胶超微粉具有调节脂质代谢和增强抗氧化功能的作用。     

n-6/n-3脂肪酸配方油对大鼠血脂和脂质过氧化的影响

目的研究不同脂肪酸n-6/n-3组成的配方油对大鼠血脂和脂质过氧化的影响.方法成年SD雄性大鼠喂饲含相同胆固醇(0.5%,W/W)、饱和脂肪酸(占供给能量10%)、单不饱和脂肪酸(占供给能量13%)和多不饱和脂肪酸(占供给能量12%),但不同脂肪酸n-6/n-3比(6.48、2.07、0.93、031)的4种配方油的高脂合成饲料60天,观察大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的变化.结果4种配方油比猪油均显著降低血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、LDL-C/HDL-C、AI[(TC-HDL-C/HDL-C,致动脉粥样硬化指数)],升高HDL-C/TC;配方油D具有独特的升高血清HDL-C2的作用;配方油A、C、D显著降低血清TG,而配方油B作用不明显.以n-3多不饱和脂肪酸占优势的配方油C、D比以n-6多不饱和脂肪酸占优势的配方油A、B显著地升高血清丙二醛,降低血清超氧化物歧化酶、全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性.4组配方油大鼠的心、脑脂褐质含量均比实验前增高,各配方油间无显著差异;心、脑脂褐质与血脂的相关分析发现心、脑脂褐质与血清TC、LDL-C呈正相关,与血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)关系不明显.结论从预防动脉粥样硬化的角度,脂肪酸n-6/n-3比在2.07～6.48范围内是合理的脂肪酸供给模式.     

响应面分析法优化海地瓜酶解工艺及其抗氧化活性的研究

目的为了充分发挥海地瓜的生理功能,优化酶解工艺。方法本研究选用复合蛋白酶,以羟自由基清除率为标准,利用响应面分析法(RSM)优化水解条件。将最优条件下制得海地瓜水解液,igICR小鼠,42d后,测定小鼠血清和肝脏组织匀浆液中SOD,GSH-Px活力和MDA含量。结果研究结果显示:最佳的水解条件为:复合蛋白酶加酶量2.02%;酶解温度51.18℃;酶解时间127.81min,此时羟自由基清除率为73.10%。海地瓜水解液使小鼠血清和肝脏组织中的SOD,GSH-Px活力明显提高,MDA含量显著降低。结论该条件下海地瓜酶水解液具有良好的抗氧化作用。     

加加宁口服液对高脂血症小鼠的干预效果研究

[目的]研究加加宁口服液对高脂血症小鼠血脂和相关脏器的干预效果。[方法]模型组昆明小鼠喂饲高脂饲料,实验组昆明小鼠喂饲高脂饲料同时以加加宁口服液(原液及3倍稀释液)灌胃,4周后检测血清TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C含量,测定脏器系数,观察肝脏及胰腺组织结构。[结果]加加宁口服液可降低高脂血症小鼠TC、TG和LDL-C含量;恢复HDL-C含量、肝脏系数及脂肪系数;减轻高脂饮食对肝脏和胰腺的损害。[结论]加加宁口服液有减轻高脂饮食对小鼠造成的脂肪代谢紊乱及脏器损害的作用。     

营养素摄入不平衡与妊娠中毒症

本文追踪观察了42例正常孕妇,85例妊娠中毒症孕妇的膳食摄入情况及血清脂质、钙、锌、总蛋白、白蛋白等指标。发现:与正常孕妇相比,妊娠中毒症孕妇孕初期血清LDL-C/HDL-C、AI升高,HDL-C、HDL-C/TC、钙下降;孕末期血清TG、TC、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、AI、SFA、MUFA升高,HDL-C、HDL-C/TC、C_(18:2)、C_(18:3)、C_(20:4)、PUFA、P/S、钙、锌、总蛋白、白蛋白下降,并多数有显著性差异。经逐步回归分析,膳食中动物脂肪摄入量百分比与血清TC、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、AI水平回归关系密切;孕初期血清钙、孕末期血清P/S、A/G、LDL-C/HDL-C、AI与妊娠中毒症严重程度回归关系密切。本文还讨论了营养因素在妊娠中毒症发生与发展中的作用,并提出营养性防治建议。     

单纯肥胖儿童载脂蛋白E遗传多态性研究

〖目的〗 探讨单纯肥胖症儿童的载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）遗传多态性对血脂水平和肥胖水平和肥胖程度的影响。〖方法〗 ３９例肥胖儿童禁食１２小时,采静脉血。采用等电聚焦电泳测定ＡｐｏＥ遗传表型、酶法和比浊法测定血脂指标。〖结果〗 单纯肥胶儿童血清ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及ＡｐｏＡ１水平明显升高。与ＡｐｏＥ３／３表型相比,ＡｐｏＥ４／３表型血ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ、Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡ１显著增高,ＡｐｏＥ２／３表型     

Total and regional fat and serum cardiovascular disease risk factors in lean and obese children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the association of total and central adiposity with serum cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in lean and obese Portuguese children and adolescents. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A total of 87 girls (13.2 +/- 1.6 years old, 29.9 +/- 6.4% body fat [mean +/- SD]) and 72 boys (13.2 +/- 1.6 years old, 20.8 +/- 9.9% body fat) volunteered for the study. Whole-body composition and fat distribution, from DXA and anthropometry, and serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins were evaluated. RESULTS: The sum of three trunk skinfolds (STS) was highly correlated with total trunk fat mass measured by DXA (p < 0.001). Body mass index, DXA-measured percentage of body fat, trunk fat mass, STS, and the waist-to-height ratio were generally found to be associated with triacylglycerol, the ratio of total cholesterol (TC) to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B levels, (significant age-adjusted r between 0.16 and 0.27, p < 0.05). Body mass index, STS, and the waist circumference were also associated with HDL-C (p < 0.05), whereas no body composition variable significantly correlated with TC or apolipoproteins A-I. The STS was significantly correlated with HDL-C (p < 0.01), TC/HDL-C (p < 0.05), and apolipoproteins A-I (p < 0.05) independently of whole-body fatness. Obese subjects (n = 73) had higher TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B than did non-obese subjects (n = 86), and significant associations between central adiposity and some lipid variables (triacylglycerol and HDL-C) were found in obese children and adolescents that were not present in leaner individuals. DISCUSSION: DXA- and anthropometry-based whole-body and central fat measures are associated with serum CVD risk factors in Portuguese boys and girls. Obese children and adolescents have a poorer lipid profile than do their leaner counterparts. Trunk skinfolds, which are easy to obtain even in large samples, predict CVD risk factors to the same extent as DXA-based variables, in some cases, independently of total fatness.     

Influence of fish consumption on the distribution of serum cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions: comparative study among fish-consuming and non-fish-consuming populations

The objective of this study was to investigate serum lipoprotein levels in order to assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors between fish-consuming populations and non-fish-consuming populations, as it has been speculated that fish intake reduces CVD risk. A representative sample of one thousand subjects (529 men and 471 women) were selected, with ages ranging from 20 to 70 years, from 40 villages belonging to fish-consuming (500) or non-fish-consuming (500) populations. Serum lipoprotein lipids such as total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were analysed biochemically using standard procedures. The ratios of TC: HDL-C and LDL-C: HDL-C were computed. Mean values of serum LDL-C and the ratios of LDL-C: HDL-C and TC: HDL-C were significantly lower and HDL-C levels were higher in fish-consumers than in non-fish-consumers. The concentrations of HDL-C decreased with increasing age, while the reverse was true for LDL-C and for the LDL-C: HDL-C and TC: HDL-C ratios. There were significant sex differences for certain age groups in both of the population groups. The 5th, 50th and 95th percentile cut-off values for these parameters were lower in fish-consumers than in non-fish-consumers. The prevalence of individuals at risk of CVD because of low HDL-C (<35 mg/dL), high LDL-C (>130 mg/dL) and their atherogenic ratios (LDL-C: HDL-C >3.5 and TC: HDL-C>4.5) was significantly greater in non-fish-consumers. This study highlights that the fish-consuming population had a lower atherogenic risk than the non-fish-consuming population. The intake of fish may have substantial implications for public health and health economy by decreasing the risk of CVD. However, more studies are warranted to better define the mechanisms of cardioprotection by dietary fish and fish oils.     

藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂对大鼠降胆固醇的研究

目的探讨藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂对实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠降胆固醇作用。方法从藏灵菇中筛选高效降胆固醇及产胆盐水解酶的三种乳酸菌株制备全脂和脱脂酸奶复合菌发酵剂。采用高脂大鼠模型,根据血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及体重水平,将40只Wistar大鼠随机分成4组:对照组、高脂模型组、实验Ⅰ组(脱脂酸奶复合菌发酵剂组)和实验Ⅱ组(全脂酸奶复合菌发酵剂组)。对照组喂基础饲料,高脂模型组和实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组饲喂高脂饲料,实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组灌胃受试物,对照组和模型组给予蒸馏水,连续8w。在试验第2、4、6、8w分别采血,分离血清,检测TC、TG、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。结果实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组与高脂模型组相比,血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量降低非常显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)降低功效,而血清HDL-C含量有一定程度升高作用。降胆固醇效果实验Ⅰ组优于实验Ⅱ组。结论藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂对实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠血清有显著的降胆固醇作用。     

大豆皂甙预防小鼠高脂血症的作用及其分子机制研究

目的:探讨大豆皂甙(soyasaponins,SS)预防小鼠高脂血症的作用及其分子机制。方法:56只昆明雌性小鼠,根据胆固醇水平分为7组,分别为正常饲料对照组、高脂饲料对照组、高脂饲料+绞股蓝(gypenosides,GP)20mg/kg.d对照组、高脂饲料+大豆皂甙5、10、20、30mg/kg.d四个剂量组,连续实验6w。结果:摄入适量的SS能够显著降低喂以高脂饲料小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量。SS还能降低肝脏组织中TC和TG的含量。SS能显著降低进食高脂饲料小鼠肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量,增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并能提高肝脏组织中脂蛋白脂酶(lipoproteinlipase,LPL)活性。逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)实验显示高脂饲料降低小鼠LPLmRNA水平,SS能升高LPLmRNA水平。结论:SS是通过调节肝脏LPL转录水平和提高抗氧化能力抑制脂质过氧化物而达到预防高脂血症的。     

Relation of serum zinc and copper to lipids and lipoproteins: the Yi People Study.

The relations of serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) to serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) and triglycerides were investigated in a population-based sample of 399 men in Southern China. Serum Cu was inversely related to HDL-C (r = #0.21), while Zn/Cu ratio showed a positive association (r = 0.19). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for age, body mass index (kg/m2), physical activity, tobacco smoking and dietary cholesterol, fat, and fiber. While no significant association was observed between serum Cu and serum TC in univariate analysis, a significant negative association was observed in multivariate analysis, after adjustment for the above mentioned independent variables. No significant association between serum Cu and LDL-C was found. These observations, as well as those reported in other studies reviewed herein, suggest that Cu is implicated in the metabolism of HDL-C, although the mechanism involved is not fully understood. No significant associations were found between serum Zn and the lipid variables.     

Relation of serum zinc and copper to lipids and lipoproteins: the Yi People Study.

The relations of serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) to serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) and triglycerides were investigated in a population-based sample of 399 men in Southern China. Serum Cu was inversely related to HDL-C (r = -0.21), while Zn/Cu ratio showed a positive association (r = 0.19). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for age, body mass index (kg/m2), physical activity, tobacco smoking and dietary cholesterol, fat, and fiber. While no significant association was observed between serum Cu and serum TC in univariate analysis, a significant negative association was observed in multivariate analysis, after adjustment for the above mentioned independent variables. No significant association between serum Cu and LDL-C was found. These observations, as well as those reported in other studies reviewed herein, suggest that Cu is implicated in the metabolism of HDL-C, although the mechanism involved is not fully understood. No significant associations were found between serum Zn and the lipid variables.