对位睑板结膜瓣滑行修复眼睑缺损

目的：评价对位睑板结膜瓣滑行修复眼瞪缺损的效果。方法：对41例眼瞪全层缺损患者,其中上睑10例,下睑31例,切除肿瘤导致缺损者33例。外伤导致缺损者8例,缺损范围在1/3-2/3,年龄24-79岁,采用与缺损眼睑相对应的眼睑睑板结膜瓣滑行至缺损区来修补眼睑缺损。结果：术后随访31例,随访时间3月-5年,除缺损外,1例出现轻度上睑退缩（退缩量为1-2mm),1例出现轻度下睑外翻,余眼睑外形及功能均基本恢复,眼睑活动自如,闭合完全,无严重并发症发生,结论：对位睑板结膜瓣滑行可用于修复眼睑后层缺损,且不受有无睑板替代物的限制。不需另添手术创口,可更好地恢复眼睑的功能及外观。     

自体眶骨膜替代睑板植入修复外眦部眼睑缺损

目的观察自体眶骨膜修复眼外眦部眼睑缺损的临床效果。方法采用自体眶骨膜替代睑板联合滑行结膜瓣和眶周旋转滑行皮瓣修复外眦部眼睑缺损。共6例（6只眼）,术后随访6个月至3年。结果术后眼睑形态及功能满意,无收缩性上睑内卷,睑内外翻,植入骨膜瓣无吸收、移位及感染。结论自体眶骨膜替代睑板植入修复外眦部眼睑缺损简便易行,术后并发症少。自体眶骨膜是理想的睑板替代物。     

眼睑恶性肿瘤的临床分析

目的分析眼睑恶性肿瘤的临床病理类型和治疗方法。方法对74例眼睑恶性肿瘤患者进行病例回顾性分析。其中,男性35人,女性39人,肿瘤部位:右眼38人,左眼36人,上睑25人,下睑49人,年龄28岁～84岁,平均60.74岁。病理诊断示:基底细胞癌39例,睑板腺癌22例,鳞状上皮细胞癌7例,恶性黑色素瘤4例,小细胞癌1例,小细胞恶性淋巴瘤1例。均采用手术治疗,其中6例因肿瘤侵及眶内,行眶内容剜出术,其余病例皆手术切除肿瘤,于术中送冰冻切片控制切缘(Mohs法)以保证术中完全切除肿瘤组织。眼睑缺损一期手术修复。结果6例行眶内容剜出术患者术后遗留明显的眼眶畸形,须二期行眼眶赝复或眼眶畸形整复术。68例术后眼睑外观满意,视功能无影响。结论眼睑恶性肿瘤多发生于老年人,其中基底细胞癌居第一位,其次为睑板腺癌,鳞状上皮细胞癌占第三位。治疗为手术切除加一期缺损修复,睑板结膜瓣滑行修复眼睑缺损具有操作方便、术后眼睑外形满意的优点。     

睑板腺癌切除眼睑再造术的疗效观察

目的总结睑板腺癌切除眼睑再造术的疗效.方法对12例上睑睑板腺癌患者,经术者精心设计,在切除肿瘤的同时,利用下睑的睑板,将睑结膜向上移行替代上睑缺损之内层(睑结膜)再利用移行皮瓣修复缺损之外层,2个月后,用龙胆紫标出上睑缘位置及长度,切开眼睑全层组织,缝合新形成的上睑缘创口.结果术后随访半年至7年无1例复发,所有患者眼睑外形满意,除再造睑缘区睫毛缺失外,眼睑活动自如,闭合完全,取得了既切除肿瘤又不能毁容的效果,手术成功率达100%.结论该手术方法简便易行,手术时间短,患者痛苦少,创伤小,并发症轻,术后外观及功能满意.     

同种异体巩膜替代脸板重建眼脸术(摘要)

本文报告近两年来用同种异体冷藏巩膜替代睑板行眼睑重建术7例,疗效满意。7例中,男4例,女3例;年龄2～78岁;先天性眼睑缺损2例,外伤性眼睑缺损2例,恶性肿瘤切除术3例;上睑缺损4例,下睑缺损2例,上下眼睑缺损1例;全缺损2例,部分缺损5例;7例均为全层缺损。手术方法:(1)根据眼睑缺损形状修剪备用的非肿瘤眼球摘除后冷藏贮存的巩膜植片;(2)用5-0丝线或9-0尼龙线将植片与缺损两侧睑板残端或内外眦韧带、眶缘骨膜缝合;(3)以滑行或旋转的结膜瓣、皮瓣复盖于移植片内、外表面;(4)术后单眼包扎,—周拆线。     

用外侧眶骨膜瓣代替睑板行眼睑重建术

目的 评价用外侧眶骨膜瓣代替睑板行外侧眼睑重建术的手术效果.方法 回顾性分析13例外眦部眼睑肿瘤切除术后患者的临床资料,其中眼睑基底细胞癌7例,睑板腺癌4例,鳞状细胞癌2例,切除肿瘤同时一期用外侧眶骨膜代替睑板,用颧部或颊部的旋转皮瓣或滑行皮瓣修复缺损皮肤行眼睑重建术.结果 术后随访8～56个月,未发现肿瘤复发,所有患者眼睑形态自然,双侧睑裂基本对称,眼睑活动好,无眼睑切迹及内翻倒睫和外翻情况出现.患者对手术疗效表示满意.结论 用外侧眶骨膜瓣代替睑板行眼睑重建术对于外侧眼睑缺损在1/3-2/3范围内且肿瘤未影响到眶骨的患者,尤其对于同时影响上下睑的患者的眼睑修复是一种较好的方法 .(中华眼科杂志,2009,45:127-130)     

利用对侧眼睑板结膜瓣移植修复大于3/4的上睑后层缺损

目的 观察利用对侧眼睑板结膜瓣移植修复＞3/4的上睑后层缺损的手术效果.方法 对2008年l月至2009年12月进行治疗的5例上睑后层缺损＞3/4的患者,采取对侧眼睑板结膜瓣移植的方法修复眼睑后层缺损.术后随访6个月到1年.结果 5例患者上睑外形、功能均基本正常,双侧上睑弧度、高度基本对称,无角状畸形及切迹,观功能无影响.结论 利用对侧眼睑板结膜瓣移植修复大于3/4的上睑后层缺损是一种安伞、简便、有效的手术方法.     

眼睑淀粉样变性的手术治疗及眼睑缺损修复观察

目的观察眼睑（结膜、睑板）淀粉样变性的手术治疗及肿块切除后眼睑缺损修复的临床疗效。方法对13例（15只眼）眼睑淀粉样变性患者进行回顾性分析。所有患者临床表现为眼睑无痛性肿胀肥厚,结膜呈蜡黄色增厚,累及上睑者尚伴有上睑下垂。手术均采用彻底切除肉眼所见淀粉样变性组织,切除物送病理检查,一期修复眼睑后层缺损（游离黏膜片移植、睑板结膜瓣滑行移植或硬腭黏膜移植）及矫正上睑下垂。结果病理诊断符合淀粉样变性。随访时间为6～50个月,其中1只眼因早期手术未完全切除有残留而复发外,其余14只眼未见复发,眼睑外形无畸形。结论眼睑淀粉样变性临床上较少见,可导致眼睑肿胀肥厚、上睑下垂等外观及功能障碍。彻底切除病变组织,同期修复眼睑缺损,对于减少复发、恢复眼睑外形及功能,具有较好的临床效果。     

先天性眼睑缺损修复术

目的：探讨利用皮肤旋转滑行皮瓣及异体巩膜分层修复先天性巨大眼睑缺损的效果。方法：设计分层修复巨大眼睑缺损的方法，采用局部转移结膜瓣修复睑结膜面，利用异体巩膜代替睑板，皮肤层面采用缺损区延长切口及鼻侧旋转滑行皮瓣修复，达到一期修复全层眼睑缺损的目的。结果：6例先天眼睑缺损再造术，术后随访6月以上，外观满意，睑裂闭合良好，眼睑瞬目功能正常，角膜透明。结论：皮肤及结膜旋转滑行瓣及异体巩膜代替睑板是一期修复先天性巨大眼睑缺损的简便有效方法。     

用易位睑板结膜瓣修复眼睑缺损

用易位睑板结膜瓣修复眼睑缺损郑州市第二人民医院眼科孙芳利用上睑或下睑缺损区以外残存的睑板睑结膜，设计成易位睑板结膜瓣１期修复全层部分睑缺损１０例１２只眼，取得了满意的效果。重建了眼睑功能。达到术后外形的美观。材料及方法一般材料１０例１２只眼，男８例，...     

复合组织移行瓣在眼睑缺损整复中的应用

目的采用复合组织移行瓣做上、下睑再造手术,对上、下眼睑缺损进行修复,评价其在功能修复与外观美容等方面的作用。方法对10例眼睑缺损患者行复合组织移行瓣再造手术,在距上睑或下睑缘3～4mm处平行于睑缘全层切开,分离形成一皮瓣,分别上移行或下移行修复缺损处,如皮肤缺损较大,可再加游离植皮进行修复。术后随访时间为3~38个月,观察其修复形态和闭启程度。结果10例患者术后眼睑缺损部位均得到满意修复,皮瓣及皮片成活,色泽良好,活动自如。结论该手术可有效满足上或下睑部分全层缺损的修复,做到一期手术,一期愈合,达到功能与外观的完满结合。     

Secondary tarsoconjunctival flap after previous lower eyelid Hughes repair

PURPOSE: To describe a secondary, two-stage eyelid-sharing tarsoconjunctival flap advancement technique for the repair of full-thickness lower eyelid defect, using the remaining upper eyelid marginal tarsus that was spared in a previously performed Hughes procedure. METHODS: A computerized database search was performed on all cases of Hughes repair of the lower eyelid performed over a 10-year period (1995 to 2005) to identify patients who required a secondary tarsoconjunctival flap repair. In two cases of tumour recurrence at the lower eyelid margin, an eyelid-sharing, two-stage tarsoconjunctival flap repair of the lower eyelid using the remaining 4 mm of marginal tarsus that was spared in the original Hughes procedure was performed. Case reports of these 2 patients are presented together with their postoperative results. RESULTS: The incidence rate of the described secondary tarsoconjunctival flap procedure was 2 cases per 240 cases (0.8%) of primary Hughes procedure performed over a 10-year period. The postoperative courses in the 2 patients were uncomplicated with excellent surgical results at 6 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The secondary tarsoconjunctival flap advancement procedure is an effective reconstructive technique for the repair of the full-thickness lower eyelid defect in an eyelid that has already undergone a previous Hughes repair.     

Modified tarsal resection operation for congenital ptosis with fair levator function

PURPOSE: There are many options for surgical repair of congenital ptosis with fair levator function. The authors review their 10-year experience with an en bloc resection of tarsus, Müller muscle, and conjunctiva in conjunction with graded levator aponeurosis advancement (a variation of the tarsectomy operation). METHODS: This is a retrospective case series that reviews all cases of ptosis repair performed at West Virginia University from 1994 to 2004 using the "modified tarsal resection method." Thirty patients with congenital ptosis and fair levator function were identified. Follow-up ranged from 6 weeks to 8 years. Charts were reviewed for type of ptosis, pre- and postoperative upper eyelid margin to reflex distance, degree of levator function, amount of operative tarsus and Müller muscle resection, postoperative eyelid symmetry, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: In patients with congenital ptosis and fair levator function, the average preoperative upper eyelid margin to reflex distance was 0.0 mm and the average postoperative upper eyelid margin to reflex distance was 2.8 mm. Twenty-five of 30 (83%) patients were deemed to have a "good" surgical outcome. The amount of tarsus-Müller muscle resection reliably predicts the amount of eyelid elevation. The only complications to date have been transient lagophthalmos with exposure keratitis. CONCLUSIONS: In the authors' hands, an en bloc resection of tarsus, Müller muscle, and conjunctiva combined with levator aponeurosis advancement reliably produces excellent results in the treatment of fair levator function congenital ptosis, superior to their previous experience with isolated maximal levator aponeurosis advancement.     

Free tarsal graft combined with skin transposition flap for full-thickness lower eyelid reconstruction

We present the surgical outcome in a series of 4 patients with large full-thickness eyelid defects after basal cell carcinoma excision. The patients underwent reconstructive eyelid surgery using autogenous free tarsal grafts combined with a skin transposition flap from the upper eyelid. Two female and 2 male patients ranging in age from 44 years to 85 years were treated. In all 4 cases, posterior lamellae were reconstructed using a free tarsal graft, and the outer lamella was developed with a transposition skin flap from the upper eyelid. The skin flap provided adequate vascular support in all cases. Follow up of 10 months to 20 months showed a good outcome in all patients. Reconstruction of full thickness eyelid defects after extensive tumor excision requires reforming of the anterior and posterior lamella. Whereas the Hughes or Cutler Beard techniques for eyelid reconstruction require a 2-step approach with occlusion of the eye for at least 1 week, reconstruction with a free tarsal graft is a 1-stage procedure and does not entail eye occlusion. Autogenous tarsus as a free graft proves to be a simple procedure for posterior lamella substitution in lower eyelid surgery, especially in combination with a skin transposition flap from the upper eyelid.     

Reconstruction Following Subtotal Full-Thickness Upper Eyelid Resection with Preservation of the Lid Margin

Purpose: To describe a modification of a technique for upper eyelid reconstruction previously described by Patrinely et al. Methods: Radical excision of a large adenoid cystic carcinoma of the upper eyelid resulted in a subtotal full-thickness eyelid defect with preservation of 2 mm of eyelid margin. Reconstruction was performed with a free transconjunctival graft of maximum size from the contralateral upper eyelid, an overlying bipedicled skin-orbicularis oculi muscle flap and a free skin graft. Results: With this one-step technique, a good cosmetic and functional result could be obtained. Conclusion: If the eyelid margin can be spared, reconstruction of even very large upper eyelid defects with a modification of the technique reported by Patrinely et al. may yield a good result.     

Evolución de la técnica «avance de colgajo frontal» en la ptosis congénita

The treatment of congenital ptosis with poor levator activity is often based upon the union of the superior eyelid to the frontalis muscle by using different materials as potential grafts. Nevertheless, theses grafts may lead some complications. In order to avoid them, a new technic has been described using an advancement flap of the frontalis muscle, that is tided to the upper tarsus, eliminating the need of a graft.Although, it is not yet a standard procedure, reason why many variants has been recently described with the objective of improving the aesthetical and functional results.The goal of this systematic review is to conscientiously evaluate these variants with the propose of determining which one gives the best results in terms of safety, functional and aesthetical outcomes.From the review of the published procedures, we conclude that the best technique in terms of functional and aesthetical results is: sub-orbicularis dissection via lid crease incision reaching the orbital margin, followed by blunt dissection of the frontalis muscle and creation of a “U” shaped flap (that might be associated to a levator advancement in severe cases), finally, the frontalis flap is stitched to the upper end of the tarsus taking care to maintain a symmetrical contour when compared to the contralateral eye. The final eyelid margin height should be 1.5 mm above the sclero-corneal limbus.     

Combination of Nasolabial V-Y Advancement Flap and Glabellar Subcutaneous Pedicled Flap for Reconstruction of Medial Canthal Defect

A 77-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of a right medial canthal tumor, which was histopathologically diagnosed as a basal cell carcinoma. After removal of the tumor with a 4-mm safety margin, the defect occupied the areas superior and inferior to the medial canthal tendon. We first reconstructed the lower part of the defect using a nasolabial V-Y advancement flap to make an elliptic defect in the upper part. We then created a glabellar subcutaneous pedicled flap to match the residual upper elliptic defect with the major axis set along a relaxed skin tension line. The pedicled glabellar flap was passed through a subcutaneous tunnel to the upper residual defect. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient showed no tumor recurrence and a good cosmetic outcome.Key words: Basal cell carcinoma, Nasolabial V-Y advancement flap, Glabellar subcutaneous pedicled flap, Medial canthal defect     

Eyelid reconstruction with tarsomarginal grafts

Summary In the past 3 years, 85 basal cell carcinomas were treated in our clinic using eyelid reconstruction. During the same period, 54 lids were reconstructed after other diseases, mostly after chemical burns. In one of the 54 patients, the upper lid was reconstructed using a tarso-marginal graft after congenital coloboma. Method: In 31 of the 85 patients with basal-well carcinoma (36 %), so much tarsus was lost that a transplantation of tarsus was necessary. Fifteen of the 31 patients were treated with a Hughes-plasty and 16 using a tarsomarginal graft, two in the upper lid. Results: In eight of the remaining 16 cases, the defect was less than one half of length, so that the graft was taken from the second lower lid. In the remaining eight patients, the defect was two thirds of length or longer. In six cases, a 7 mm-graft was taken from the upper lid. As the tarsus from the upper lid measures 10 mm and is thus twice as big as the lower lid tarsus, it was divided into two grafts, resulting in two grafts measuring 7 × 5 mm. They were placed in the lower lid (“double tarsomarginal graft”). The former lower part with lashes was placed in the middle of the lower lid, the former upper part peripherally. In two patients, the defect was healed with three tarsomarginal grafts. A pedicle skin flap was transposed to cover the posterior grafts. Remaining defects were closed with free skin transplants. Conclusion: The tarsomarginal graft permits a short operation time and early rehabilitation of the patients. The disadvantage of the double tarsomarginal graft is that the more valuable upper lid tarsus is used to reconstruct the less valuable lower lid tarsus.      

“Sandwich Block” for Eyelid Reconstruction

Purpose: To report on a one-stage technique for eyelid reconstruction with preservation of the eyelid margin.

Design: Prospective study.

Methods: Five patients with small-to-intermediate full-thickness lower eyelid defects (n?=?3) and upper eyelid defects (n?=?2) after tumor excision. Defect size ranged from 5 to 7?mm vertically and from 7 to 12?mm horizontally. For eyelid reconstruction, a full-thickness pentagonal graft from the opposite lid was sutured into the full-thickness defect after removal of the orbicularis oculi muscle from the graft. The orbicularis muscle flap from the recipient eyelid was mobilized and brought in for vascular supply between tarsus and skin of the graft. The outcome after surgery was assessed using a subjective scoring system with 4 subsequent grades.

Results: At 1 week postoperatively, adequate viability of the grafts was noted in all patients. After a mean follow-up of 13 months (range 3–33 months) the cosmetic and functional outcome was adequate in 1 case, good in 2 cases, and excellent in 2 cases.

Conclusion: Reconstruction of small to intermediate full-thickness defects of both lower and upper eyelid with the “sandwich block”-technique is associated with a good functional and cosmetic outcome.     

Superiorly hinged blepharoplasty flap for reconstruction of medial upper eyelid defects following excision of xanthelasma palpebrum

This paper documents an interventional case series which describes a novel technique for reconstructing large medial upper eyelid skin defects following excision of xanthelasma palpebrum. All visible upper eyelid xanthelasma is excised and a superiorly hinged blepharoplasty skin flap is created with a classic skin crease and lateral blepharoplasty incision, the latter acting as an effective 'back-cut' to allow medial advancement of the flap into the defect. Excess triangles of skin are excised and the flap is sutured without tension into the defect in a conventional manner. The patients selected were patients with medial upper eyelid skin defects not amenable to direct closure following surgical excision of xanthelasma. The main outcome measures were the upper eyelid aesthetic and functional outcome, postoperative complications and need for revisionary surgery. In our study seven patients with bilateral medial upper eyelid xanthelasma excised and reconstructed with this technique were identified. Good aesthetic outcome and high patient satisfaction without functional compromise was achieved in all patients at the last follow-up visit. Patient age ranged from 30–52 years old. Follow up ranged from 8 to 18 months. In conclusion, the superiorly hinged blepharoplasty skin flap is a novel and simple technique for the reconstruction of skin defects that are not amenable to direct closure following xanthelasma excision. It avoids the complications of skin grafting and non-surgical ablative methods, particularly in dark-skinned patients.