Cyr61和WISP-3在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的 Cyr61是非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)生长过程中的一个肿瘤抑制基因,Cyr61与WISP-3同属于CCN基因家族,具有极其明显的序列同源性.本研究通过检测Cyr61和WISP-3在NSCLC组织中的表达,探讨其临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化SP染色法检测54例NSCLC癌组织和癌旁正常肺组织中Cyr61和WISP-3的表达,并结合临床参数进行分析.结果 在NSCLC癌组织中Cyr61表达水平低于癌旁正常肺组织(P＜0.001),WISP-3表达水平高于癌旁正常肺组织(P＜0.001);NSCLC癌组织中Cyr61与WISP-3蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.395,P=0.003);Cyr61的表达与肿瘤的组织学分化程度、病理类型、临床分期、家族史、吸烟史和淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05);WISP-3阳性表达率与肿瘤的组织学分化程度、临床分期和年龄有关(P＜0.05).结论 Cyr61和WISP-3可能是反映NSCLC进展、生物学行为、转移发生及预后的重要生物学标记物.     

P-gp、p53过表达与胃癌及乳腺癌转移的关系

目的研究胃癌和乳腺癌组织P-耐药糖蛋白(P-gp),p53蛋白表达及临床意义.方法应用免疫组化SABC法检测93例胃腺癌组织及60例乳腺癌组织中p-gp、p53蛋白的表达.结果乳腺癌组织中P-gp阳性率为38.3%,p53阳性率为56.7%;胃腺癌组织中P-gp阳性率为55.9%,p53阳性率为44.1%;P-gp、p53蛋白表达均与淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05)P-gp表达与p53表达有显著的协同性(P＜0.05).结论p53突变蛋白和P-gp过表达在胃癌和乳腺癌淋巴结转移中起重要作用.p53基因突变对于多药耐药基因(mdr-1)编码产物P-gp表达增高有一定影响,早期进行p53蛋白和P-gp检测有重要的临床意义.     

OTUD3和PTEN在乳腺癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征和预后的关系

目的:检测乳腺癌组织中OTUD3与PTEN表达,分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:选取2014年1月至2014年12月于我院行手术治疗的79例乳腺癌患者癌组织及其对应癌旁正常组织标本。采用免疫组化染色法、Western blot 检测、RT-PCR法分别检测癌组织及癌旁正常组织中OTUD3与PTEN表达,并分析两者表达相关性;探究OTUD3、PTEN与乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果:乳腺癌组织中PTEN阳性主要定位于细胞核,OTUD3阳性主要定位于细胞质。乳腺癌组织中OTUD3和PTEN阳性率、蛋白表达量及mRNA水平显著低于癌旁正常组织（P均<0.05）。乳腺癌组织中OTUD3、PTEN表达呈正相关（r=0.580,P=0.000）。PTEN与肿瘤直径、组织学分级、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、分子分型及ER/PR/HER-2/p53状态显著相关（P＜0.05）;OTUD3与组织学分级、TNM分期、淋巴结转移及p53显著相关（P＜0.05）。OTUD3及PTEN阴性表达组患者生存率显著低于阳性表达组（Log-rank检验P＜0.05）,两者不同表达是影响乳腺癌预后生存的独立危险因素之一（P＜0.05）。结论:乳腺癌组织中OTUD3、PTEN低表达,两者表达呈正相关,与组织学分级、TNM分期、淋巴结转移及p53等临床病理特征及预后显著相关,有望成为临床预后预测的有效因子。     

抑癌基因p73 FHIT和PTEN蛋白表达与肺癌临床病理学特征及预后关系探讨

目的:探讨抑癌基因p73、FHIT和PIEN与肺癌发生、发展的关系.方法:应用免疫组化SABC法检测65例肺癌组织、癌旁组织和正常肺组织中p73、FHIT和PTEN基因蛋白的表达.结果:肺癌组织中p73蛋白阳性表达率明显高于正常肺组织和癌旁组织(P＜0.05),正常肺组织和癌旁组织中FHIT和PTEN蛋白阳性表达率明显高于肺癌组织([J]0.05);不同类型和不同分化程度肺癌组织中p73、FHIT和PTEN蛋白的阳性表达率比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05);肺癌组织中p73、FHIT和PTEN蛋白阳性表达率与临床分期和患者预后有明显相关性(P＜0.05).结论:p73、FHIT和PTEN基因蛋白表达缺失在不同类型和不同分化程度在肺癌发生、发展中可能存在着普遍意义,三者可作为判断肺癌生物学行为和患者预后的参考指标.     

非小细胞肺癌中ASPP1、ASPP2蛋白的不同表达状态及其意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中ASPP1、ASPP2蛋白表达规律及其与p53表达状态的相关性.方法收集NSCLC术后同一病人的新鲜肺癌组织、癌旁组织、肺组织共54例用于试验研究.采用免疫组织化学Envision法检测肺癌组织、正常肺组织中ASPP1、ASPP2蛋白表达及癌组织中p53表达以确定各病例的p53表达状态;Western blot方法检测肺癌组织、癌旁组织、正常肺组织中ASPP1、ASPP2蛋白表达.结果p53阴性状态Western blot显示癌组织、癌旁组织、正常肺组织中ASPP1表达量逐渐升高(P=0.012),比较发现癌组织ASPP1蛋白表达水平显著高于肺组织( P =0.029);ASPP2表达在癌组织、癌旁组织、正常肺组织中表达无显著性差异. p53阳性状态下,免疫组织化学与 Western blot 检测结果均显示ASPP1、ASPP2蛋白在癌组织、癌旁组织、肺组织中表达比较无显著性差异.癌组织ASPP1蛋白表达在p53阴性时显著低于p53阳性;癌组织ASPP2表达在p53阴性时与p53阳性无统计学意义.癌旁组织、肺组织中ASPP1、ASPP2表达与p53表达状态无相关性.结论p53阴性状态下,NSCLC癌组织ASPP1表达降低,ASPP2表达无明显变化,ASPP1表达降低与NSCLC的发生密切相关.     

膀胱移行细胞癌P—gp表达与凋亡相关蛋白p53、bcl—2的关系

目的探讨膀胱移行细胞癌组织中MDR1基因产物P-gp表达与凋亡相关蛋白p53、bcl-2的相互关系及其临床意义.方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测107例原发性膀胱移行细胞癌组织中P-gp、p53、bcl-2蛋白的表达情况.结果P-gp、p53、bcl-2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为63.6%、72.9%、54.2%,三者的过度表达均与膀胱癌的病理分级、临床分期和术后腔内化疗后复发有关;P-gp表达与p53、bcl-2蛋白的表达密切相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论P-gp、p53、bcl-2蛋白的过度表达不仅是判定原发性膀胱移行细胞癌恶性程度和预后的重要指标,而且凋亡相关蛋白p53、bcl-2可能参与膀胱移行细胞癌多药耐药的形成.     

肝细胞癌中PTEN、p73蛋白表达及临床意义

[目的]研究肝细胞癌中PTEN、p73蛋白的表达及相互关系,探讨它们在肝细胞癌的发生发展中的生物学意义.[方法]应用Elivision免疫组化方法检测53例肝细胞癌及癌旁肝组织中PTEN、p73蛋白表达.[结果]53例肝细胞癌组织中PTEN蛋白表达的阳性率(56.6%)明显低于癌旁肝组织(96.2%)(x2=20.94,P＜0.01),p73蛋白表达的阳性率(54.7%)高于癌旁肝组织(5.7%)(x2=26.33,P＜0.01).PTEN蛋白表达与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、伴肝硬化无相关性(P＞0.05),与组织分化程度、有无侵袭性显著相关(P＜0.01).p73蛋白表达与肿瘤大小、组织分化程度、TNM分期、伴肝硬化无相关性(P＞0.05),与肝细胞癌有无侵袭性显著相关(P＜0.05).PTEN蛋白表达与p73蛋白表达无相关性.[结论]PTEN、p73蛋白在肝细胞癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用.联合检测PTEN、p73蛋白对判断肝细胞癌预后有参考价值.     

耐药相关基因在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨耐药相关基因在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组化技术检测治疗前肺癌组织标本中P-gp、MRP、LRP、GST-π和TopoⅡ表达.结果:58例治疗前NSCLC中P-gp、MRP、LRP、GST-π和TopoⅡ阳性率分别为96.55%,67.24%,75.86%,65.52%,98.28%,并有部分共表达.癌旁正常肺组织呈阴性或弱阳性表达.性别、有无吸烟史、有无淋巴结转移及在TNM各分期中P-gp、MRP、LRP、GST-π和TopoⅡ阳性表达无明显差异(P＞0.05).比较腺癌组与鳞癌组,MRP、LRP、GST-π阳性表达有显著性差异(P＜0.05),而P-gp、TopoⅡ阳性表达无明显差异(P＞0.05);MRP、LRP、P-gp、GST-π共表达有显著性差异(χ2=21.662,P＜0.001);低分化腺癌、鳞癌与中、高分化腺癌、鳞癌P-gp、MRP、LRP、GST-π和TopoⅡ阳性表达无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:肺癌耐药为一多途径多基因参与的过程,肺腺癌原发的多药耐药机率较肺鳞癌高,联合检测肺癌组织中耐药相关基因的表达有助于判断化疗疗效及预后.     

肺癌组织中耐药相关蛋白和p53 bcl-2表达及其意义

目的:探讨肺癌组织中耐药相关蛋白和p53、bcl-2表达及其意义.方法:应用免疫组化技术检测治疗前73例肺癌组织标本中P-gp、MRP、LRP、GST-π、p53和bcl-2表达.结果:非小细胞肺癌组P-gp、LRP、MRP LRP、P-gp p53的蛋白表达明显高于小细胞肺癌组(P＜0.05).腺癌组MRP、LRP、MRP LRP、MRP LRP GST-π、MRP LRP P-gp GST-π蛋白阳性表达高于鳞状细胞癌组、小细胞肺癌组(P＜0.05),MRP GST-π共表达者高于鳞状细胞癌组(P＜0.01),P-gp-p53共表达者高于小细胞肺癌组(P＜0.05),bcl-2蛋白阳性表达低于鳞状细胞癌组、小细胞肺癌组(P＜0.05).鳞状细胞癌组P-gp、P-gp p53、P-gp bcl-2的蛋白表达明显高于小细胞肺癌组(P＜0.05).P-gp与p53、bcl-2蛋白阳性表达呈正相关(P＜0.05).p53与bcl-2蛋白阳性表达呈正相关(P＜0.01).MRP与GST-π蛋白阳性表达呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论:肺癌耐药为一多途径多基因参与的过程,P-gp、LRP、MRP、GST-π、p53、bcl-2表达及其共表达可作为监测肺癌细胞原发性耐药的指标.     

硫氧还蛋白还原酶-2在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及预后

目的:探讨硫氧还蛋白还原酶-2(thioredoxin reductase-2,TrxR2)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达及对患者预后的影响.方法:免疫组化法检测90例手术后NSCLC癌组织及癌旁正常肺组织中TrxR2的表达,分析TrxR2表达与患者临床病理特征及生存预后的关系.结果:TrxR2在NSCLC组织中的表达高于癌旁正常组织(P＜0.05),TrxR2的表达与患者性别、是否吸烟、肿瘤组织分级、TNM分期无相关性(P＞0.05),而与年龄及淋巴结转移显著相关(P＜0.05).随访90例患者发现TⅨR2高表达组的患者预后更差(P＜0.05).结论:TrxR2在NSCLC中高表达,有望成为NSCLC转移及预后判断的重要指标.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.