分众传播在制定健康教育策略中的应用

目的探讨分众传播在现代健康教育中运用的基本理论和策略。方法通过对分众传播概念和特征的研究，探究现代健康教育运用分众传播的作用和基本策略。结果初步阐述了我国分众传播的理论和分众传播在现代健康教育中运用的意义和基本策略，提出了在分众传播时代我国开展健康教育的新思路。结论运用分众传播开展健康教育，是我国现代健康教育发展的新课题，对提高健康教育成效，促进健康教育事业发展具有现实意义。     

循证医学及循证思想在健康体检中的应用探讨

目的：探讨循证健康体检的理论、实施方法及意义。方法：通过对循证思想的分析,概述循证健康体检概念;结合实际情况,探讨在健康体检工作中遵循循证思想的意义及实施过程。结果：初步总结了循证健康体检概念,对循证健康体检实施过程进行了分析,明确了在健康体检中贯彻循证思想的必要性。结论：开展循证健康体检能够促进体检工作科学化、规范化发展,能够满足体检客户期望值,对改善医患关系有积极意义。     

循证护理在精神分裂症健康教育中的应用

目的用循证护理的方法,对精神病患者开展健康教育,使患者对自己的疾病有所认识,安心住院,配合治疗,早日康复,回归社会.方法通过建立循证护理小组,针对循证护理理念,查找问题,对150例精神分裂症患者实施分阶段及个体差异进行全面的健康教育(实验组),150例患者按常规方法开展健康教育(对照组).结果实验组患者对健康教育内容掌握程度明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论循证护理健康教育的开展,使患者对自己疾病的认知能力明显提高.     

循证护理在糖尿病患者健康教育中的应用效果

目的探讨循证护理在糖尿病患者健康教育方面的应用效果。方法对50例糖尿病患者护理中存在的问题进行评估,选择最佳护理证据,制定并实施护理干预措施,运用循证护理对这些糖尿病患者进行教育。结果通过教育使糖尿病患者空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖得到了良好的控制,患者的满意度明显提高。结论循证护理的应用可有效提高糖尿病患者健康教育效果。     

循证健康教育在出院糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗中的应用

目的 探讨出院糖尿病胰岛素治疗患者实施循证健康教育的效果。方法对2006年1月至2007年12月150例患者,随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组75例应用循证方法通过人员培训、确定问题、查询并评价文献、临床护理实践、及时评价与反馈,采用自制问卷对患者健康效果进行评价与分析。对照组75例进行常规出院指导。结果试验组患者在健康教育后知识掌握、行为改善方面有统计学差异（P〈0．5）患者回访满意度由同期的93．5％上升98．8％。结论循证健康教育能显著提高健康教育的效果,降低低血糖发生率,大大提高患者的医从性,提高患者的参与程度。     

循证护理在健康教育中的应用

循证护理包括四个阶段：证据触发，证据支持，证据观察，以证据为基础四个阶段。本人在临床健康教育工作中运用此模式，发现PBL健康教育法有利于提高健康教育效果，降低健康教育成本。有利于护理人员发现并证实新的护理方法，提高护理的成效。     

循证护理在脊髓损伤患者早期护理及健康教育中的应用

目的：探讨脊髓损伤患者早期在骨科住院期间的护理问题,通过循证为患者提供切实可行的护理理论依据。方法：对46例脊髓损伤住院患者进行循证,找出护理问题所在和发生问题的原因以及解决问题的理论依据。采用多种方式、方法,分阶段对患者和家属进行健康教育。结果：应用循证护理（EBN）对脊髓损伤患者进行早期健康教育,提高了患者及家属对疾病的信心,预防了护理并发症的发生,有利于更好的康复。结论：循证护理是以护理研究为依据,为患者提供标准化的、经济的护理服务,使护理人员以最新最科学的方法实施护理方案;应广泛推广,有助于培养家庭护理人员的前瞻性思维,提高患者的生活质量。     

循证护理健康教育对精神分裂症住院患者从医行为的影响

目的：探析循证护理健康教育对精神分裂症住院患者治疗依从性的影响。方法根据入院先后顺序,将160例精神分裂症住院患者分为两组各80例,观察组实施循证护理健康教育,对照组实施常规健康教育,比较两组患者的精神状况、治疗依从性及对健康教育的满意程度。结果干预3个月后,观察组NORS-30评分（35．2±12．7）显著低于对照组（40．5±19．4）,依从率（81．3％）显著高于对照组（60．6％）,健康教育满意度（96．3％）显著高于对照组（85．0％）,差异均具有统计学意义（均P＜0．05）。结论循证护理健康教育有助于提高精神分裂症住院患者治疗依从性。     

从循证医学到循证保健

本文介绍了从循证医学到循证保健的发展过程及其循证保健的研究方法和步骤，为卫生保健事业的科学决策提供了理论方法。     

循证健康教育在产褥期抑郁初产妇中的临床研究

目的:探讨循证健康教育在产褥期抑郁初产妇中的应用效果。方法:把分娩后有产褥期抑郁症状的200例初产妇随机分为两组,实验组采取循证健康教育,对照组采取传统的"说教式"健康教育,调查产褥期抑郁患者对健康教育方式的需求,了解产褥期抑郁患者对健康教育内容的需求情况,分析两组初产妇对健康知识的掌握情况和健康教育后抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分比较。结果:观察组产妇的健康知识掌握程度及产妇满意度高于对照组,SDS评分≤51分的产妇明显多于对照组。结论:应用循证护理理念对产褥期抑郁初产妇实施健康教育,可提高初产妇的认知水平和自我保健能力,促进产褥期康复,提高产妇的满意度,同时也提高了医务人员的整体素质和服务质量。     

Evidence-based surgery

Authority-based surgery is slowly being replaced by evidence-based surgery. New and existing interventions are increasingly being studied in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs allow not only for comparison of different types of surgical interventions but also for comparison with non-surgical interventions and adjuvant therapies. Surgical RCTs have many methodological limitations, such as inherent difficulties with randomisation and blinding, and ethical limitations in using placebo controls. Choosing appropriate intervention groups, providing adequate training for participating surgeons and ensuring a high volume per surgeon reduces the risk of complications due to inexperience. Unplanned cross-over is a potential source of bias in explanatory RCTs comparing surgical interventions. Conducting a surgical RCT requires good collaboration between large and small hospitals due to organisational complexity, ethical limitations, funding and long term follow-up. Acceptance and implementation of the results from surgical RCTs through evidence-based guidelines depends heavily on local opinion leaders and the training of surgical residents.     

Evidence-based management

It's OK to be lucky when you're lucky, but it's not OK when the issues are critical. Too often, we manage by anecdote, which is OK when you can afford to be wrong, but when finances are tight, or the market is overregulated, or a lot is at stake, making mistakes is not an option. Evidence-based management depends on attention to three components: analytics, decision making, and problem solving. These are skills that should be required of everyone who assumes a management position, no matter how high or low one is on the totem pole. Understanding basic analytical techniques, knowing how to apply these techniques to making good decisions, and learning how to become a skilled problem solver ensure that, when we manage our businesses, we minimize the risk of mistakes and maximize the potential for positive outcomes.     

Evidence-based diagnosis

Making an accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure that a patient receives appropriate treatment and correct information regarding their prognosis. Characteristics of diagnostic tests are quantified in test accuracy studies, but many such studies have methodological flaws. The HSRC evidence-based diagnosis programme has focused on methods for systematic reviews of test accuracy studies, and the wider context in which tests are ordered and interpreted. We carried out a range of projects relating to literature searching, quality assessment, meta-analysis, presentation of results, and interactions between doctors and patients during the diagnostic process. We have shown that systematic reviews of test accuracy studies should search a range of databases and that current diagnostic filters do not have sufficient accuracy to be used in test accuracy reviews. Summary quality scores should not be used in test accuracy reviews; the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy included in Systematic Reviews (QUADAS) tool for assessing test accuracy studies is acceptable for quality assessment. We have shown that the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) and bivariate models for meta-analysis of test accuracy are statistically equivalent in many circumstances, and have developed an add-on module for the statistical software package Stata that enables these statistically rigorous models to be fitted by those without expert statistical knowledge. Three areas that would benefit from further research are literature searching, synthesis of results from individual patient data and presentation of results.     

Evidence-based management

Healthcare Providers are having to make quicker, riskier decisions in a competitive and regulated environment. Leaders often make these decisions with the advice of management consultants; however, top management generally lacks adequate internal support to rigorously evaluate strategic interventions or consultant recommendations and to learn from industry-wide best practices. In fact, healthcare providers generally underinvest in management support, both in evaluating best practices within the organization and in learning from past strategic interventions. The creation of evidence-based management cooperatives might be a means to change this trend.     

Evidence-based medicine

It's been a catchphrase in health care for three decades; now evidence-based medicine is becoming an imperative for hospitals thanks to increasing pressure from regulators and payers. But uncertainty surrounds the concept. What specifically constitutes EBM? Whose definition prevails? And how do you decide where in your hospital it should be a priority?