Gouty arthritis: A prospective radiographic evaluation of sixty patients

A prospective analysis of 60 patients with gout was undertaken to evaluate the radiographic spectrum of gouty arthritis in patients treated in the era of hypouricemic therapy. Twenty-two of these patients were clinically tophaceous; 36 were considered to have radiographic findings diagnostic of gouty arthritis by strict radiographic criteria. Up to 24% of the patients denied symptoms in joints with radiographic changes of gout; 42% with no evidence of tophi on clinical examination had radiographic changes characteristic of gout. Radiographic assessment can be extremely helpful in the management of gout by documenting the degree and extent of bony involvement, particularly in patients with limited symptoms or without clinical tophi.     

Impact of sonography in gouty arthritis: comparison with conventional radiography, clinical examination, and laboratory findings

OBJECTIVE: To explore the typical sonographic features of gray-scale and Power Doppler of acute and chronic gouty arthritis in conjunction with radiographic, clinical, and laboratory findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All hand, finger, and toe joints of 19 patients with acute and chronic gout were examined with gray-scale and Power Doppler sonography. The number and size of bone changes detected with sonography was compared to radiographic findings. Vascularization of the synovial tissue was scored on Power Doppler (grades 0-3), and was compared with clinical appearance, including swelling, tenderness, and redness (grades 0-3). RESULTS: In acute gout, mild to moderate echogenic periarticular nodules with sonotransmission and hypervascularization of the edematous surrounding soft tissue were found. In chronic gout, tophaceous nodules completely blocked transmission of US wave, leading to strong reflexion and dorsal shadowing in a minority of cases. No significant difference in the detection of large bone changes (>2mm) was found between sonography and radiography. However, gray-scale sonography was significantly more sensitive in the detection of small bone changes (p<0.001). Power Doppler scores were statistically significantly higher than clinical examination scores (p<0.001). DISCUSSION: Sonography is superior to radiographs in evaluating small bone changes. The inflammatory process in joints can be better detected with Power Doppler sonography than with clinical examination. Typical sonographic appearance of acute and in particular of chronic gout might provide clues on gouty arthritis that adds to the information available from conventional radiography, clinical, and laboratory findings.     

Nodal osteoarthritis and gout: a report of four new cases

 Recently gout has been recognized as a cause of inflammation in patients with nodal osteoarthritis. We reviewed the clinical data and radiographs of four patients with known osteoarthritis of the interphalangeal joints of the hands who developed gout. Radiographic changes of osteoarthritis in the affected interphalangeal joint were present in all four patients. In our cases, radiographic findings were typical of gout in one patient, including the presence of large eccentric soft tissue masses and periarticular erosions. In three patients, radiographic findings were non-specific, including only a small eccentric nodule in one patient, diffuse soft tissue swelling in a second, and a large calcified soft tissue mass with bony erosions in a third. Whenever a patient with interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis presents with an acute episode of inflammation the possibility of gout should be considered. Recognition of gout will allow the timely initiation of appropriate therapy.     

Case report of a tibial fracture in a patient suffering from gout: An atypical site,the importance of differential diagnosis,

We present the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of severe tophaceous gout with polyarticular involvement who came to the emergency room due to direct trauma to the right forearm and knee. The knee X-ray and CT scan showed a lateral tibial plateau fracture characterized by the presence of a lytic bone lesion. The presence of a solid neoplasm was ruled out and a CT-guided biopsy was performed. Histological evaluation revealed findings typical for an advanced intraosseous gout. As there was no significant risk of progression of the lytic lesion, the fracture site was treated conservatively. This case is unique in the literature in terms of location and should be considered as an atypical site of intraosseous gout. Proper differentiation of a pathological fracture on an intraosseous gout location from a neoplastic lesion is essential to choose the correct therapy.     

Gout: radiographic findings mimicking infection

Objective: To describe radiographic features of gout that may mimic infection. Design and patients: We report five patients with acute bacterial gout who presented with clinical as well as radiological findings mimicking acute bacterial septic arthritis or osteomyelitis. Three patients had delay in the appropriate treatment with the final diagnosis being established after needle aspiration and identification of urate crystals under polarized light microscopy. Two patients underwent digit amputation for not responding to antibiotic treatment and had histological findings confirming the diagnosis of gout. Conclusion: It is important for the radiologist to be aware of the radiological manifestations of acute gout that can resemble infection in order to avoid inappropriate diagnosis and delay in adequate treatment. The definitive diagnosis should rely on needle aspiration and a specific search for urate crystals. Received: 11 April 2000 Revision requested: 5 May 2000 Revision received: 9 April 2001 Accepted: 10 April 2001     

Diagnostic imaging of gout: comparison of high-resolution US versus conventional X-ray

The aim was to compare X-ray and ultrasound (US) in diagnosing gout. In a prospective study, 105 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of gout underwent conventional X-ray und high-resolution US in order to help in arriving at a definite diagnosis. X-ray findings suggestive of gout included soft-tissue opacifications with densities between soft tissue and bone, articular and periarticular bone erosions, and osteophytes at the margins of opacifications or erosions. US findings suggestive of gout included bright stippled foci and hyperechoic soft-tissue areas. Fifty-five patients had a definite diagnosis of gout (102 involved sites), 31 patients were diagnosed as having another disease (59 involved sites), and 19 patients were excluded from the study because a definite diagnosis could not be established. X-ray suggested gout with a sensitivity of 31% (32/102) and a specificity of 93% (55/59), whereas US suggested gout with a sensitivity of 96% (98/102) and a specificity of 73% (43/59). US was much more sensitive than conventional X-ray but less specific. Our data show that US often provided additional diagnostic information in patients with clinical suspicion of gout when laboratory findings and X-ray results were negative or inconclusive and should therefore be used in these cases.     

骨梗死的影像学表现及其病理基础

目的探讨骨梗死的影像学表现及其相应的病理基础. 资料与方法对14例累及29个骨骼的骨梗死患者行X线、CT及MRI检查,分析其影像学表现,并将骨梗死分为急性期、亚急性期和慢性期,观察其病理改变. 结果骨梗死病变急性期X线、CT扫描表现为干骺端骨质疏松,MR T1WI呈等至高信号,T2WI呈高信号,示梗死灶内出血肿胀,周围见规则低信号环,与正常骨髓间有线状T1低信号、T2高信号,示反应性新骨形成和周围充血水肿;亚急性期X线、CT扫描表现为小的虫噬样改变,伴有斑点状硬化,MR T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈等或稍高信号,周围见低信号带,与正常骨髓间有线状T1低信号、T2高信号,示脂肪坏死、反应性新骨形成、纤维化和充血水肿;慢性期X线、CT扫描呈不规则状、蜿蜒状硬化斑块,MR T1WI和T2WI均呈低信号,示坏死组织被肉芽组织和纤维组织替代而发生纤维化和营养不良性钙化或骨化. 结论骨梗死的各期有不同的影像学表现和相应的病理学基础,在急性和亚急性期,MRI优于平片和CT,在慢性期,平片、CT和MRI均具有特征性表现.     

13例骨梗死的MRI表现及其分期初探

目的:探讨骨梗死的MRI表现及其分期。方法:13例骨梗死患者行MRI及X线平片检查,均经手术病理和随访证实;并对其临床症状、X线平片和MRI表现进行量化分级,分析其X线平片与MRI表现及其相关的病理学改变。结果:①病变主要累及股骨下端和胫骨上端,双侧发病占61.5%(8/13),亦可累及胫骨下端和距骨。②平片改变与临床症状有较大差异,而MRI分级与临床表现与病理改变吻合性较好。③根据骨梗死的X线平片和MRI表现及其病理演变过程,亦将骨梗死分为五期:0期,MRI表现正常或轻度骨髓水肿,或呈多发灶状脂肪聚集;Ⅰ期,MRI显示骨梗死灶边缘出现花边状纤维肉芽组织增生带,中心信号正常;Ⅱ期,MRI见骨梗死灶边缘出现硬化带,呈典型"地图样"改变,病灶中心信号不均匀;Ⅲ期,MRI见骨梗死累及关节面;Ⅳ期,MRI显示骨梗死区的正常骨髓成分消失,明显骨质增生。结论:平片对本病诊断价值有限;MRI是本病最好的检查手段,能完全明确本病的诊断和侵及范围,同时能反映不同时期的病理学变化。MRI分期将为骨梗死的早期诊断与正确治疗提供理论依据。     

The role of bone scintigraphy in osteogenic sarcoma

Hospital records of 27 children with osteogenic sarcoma were reviewed in an effort to define the usefulness of skeletal scintigraphy in the initial evaluation and follow-up of their disease. Serial bone scans as well as plain radiographs, linear tomograms, and computed tomograms were evaluated for evidence of bone or lung metastases. Eighteen patients developed lung metastases and three developed bone metastases. Seven patients demonstrated uptake of tracer in lung metastases, however, the lesions were all easily identifiable by radiographic means. All bone metastases were detected by scintigraphy, in one instance prior to radiographic abnormality. In no cases were bone metastases known to occur in the absence of lung metastases. None of the bone scans performed for routine follow-up pruposes resulted in altered therapy for the patient. We propose that skeletal scintigraphy is useful in the initial metastatic work up of osteogenic sarcoma, and may be helpful in some patients with specific indications during their follow-up, but is less valuable when there is no clinical suspicion for bone metastases.     

Isolated or dominant lesions of the patella in gout: a report of seven patients

Isolated or dominant osteolytic lesions of the patella are an unusual manifestation of gout. We present seven patients who had such patellar lesions unilaterally (six patients) or bilaterally (one patient) and analyze the radiologic characteristics to determine whether they can be differentiated from those of other osteolytic lesions of the patella. The lesions were uniformly characterized by a geographic pattern of bone destruction in the superolateral aspect of the patella. Five lesions were each accompanied by a peripatellar soft tissue mass, four of which contained calcification. It therefore appears that an osteolytic lesion of the superolateral portion of the patella, especially when associated with a peripatellar calcified soft tissue mass, should alert one to the possible diagnosis of gout. Awareness of this possibility may obviate the need for invasive diagnostic procedures.     

痛风性关节炎的CT、MRI对照分析

目的比较CT、MRI影像检查在痛风性关节炎中的诊断价值。方法选取我院2017年4月~2020年4月收治的经临床证实为痛风性关节炎患者80例作为观察对象,对所有患者实施CT及MRI检查,观察两种检查方法的诊断结果及影像学表现。结果80例患者确诊病变关节194个。CT检查共检出病变关节146个,MRI共检出病变关节186个,CT检查灵敏度(146/194)低于MRI(173/194)(P<0.05);相比于CT,MRI在关节积液、痛风结节、滑膜增厚、骨质破坏、关节周围水肿的检出率都更高。结论MRI对痛风性关节炎的诊断效果良好,可对关节炎病变进行较为准确的观察,具有临床推广价值。     

Painless fibro-osseous lesion of the rib resembling osteoid osteoma: A report of six cases

The spectrum of radiographic abnormalities accompanying bone and joint infection that results from human bites of the hand is presented in an analyis of 13 patients. Features include mono-articular involvement, predilection for a metacarpophalangeal joint, soft tissue swelling, joint space narrowing, bone erosions and periostitis. Magnification techniques may be required for early and accurate diagnosis.     

Gouty tophus: Unusual case of nasal lump

Chronic tophaceous gout is a common disease but rarely found in the head and neck region. Here we report a case of a middle aged male who presented with a mass over the right side of the nasal bridge. CT of the paranasal sinuses revealed a tophi lesion in the right nasal bridge with erosion of the underlying nasal bone. The mass was excised and histologically confirmed to be a gouty tophus. This case report illustrates how a common disease presented in an uncommon location could pose a diagnostic challenge.     

痛风影像学诊断方法分析及发展

痛风是由于尿酸盐沉积产生的异质代谢性疾病,严重者可导致关节残疾引起肾功能损伤,但若能早期诊断该病或可逆转.众所周知,痛风不同时期有不同的临床表现和影像学表现.一般而言,在痛风早期,其双轨征特征明显,特异性高,适合采用超声法进行检测;在痛风反复发作期及慢性期,适合采用X线平片、CT和MRI等影像技术进行检测,其中MRI能...     

Purely lytic osteoasarcoma

The radiographic features of 42 purely lytic osteosarcomas are presented. Purely lytic osteosarcoma is identified as a lytic lesion of bone with no demonstrable osteoid matrix by conventional radiographic modalities. Purely lytic osteosarcoma represented 13.7% of a group of 305 osteosarcomas. The most common presentation was that of a lytic illdefined lesion with a moderate to large extraosseous mass component. Nine lesions presented with benign radiographic features. The differential diagnosis is outlined. The need for awareness of this type of presentation of osteosarcoma is stresssed.     

Femoral infarction following intraarterial chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the leg: a possible pitfall in magnetic resonance imaging

Bone infarction of the distal femur is reported in two patients with osteosarcoma of the leg (1 tibia, 1 fibula) treated by preoperative chemotherapy including intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) by Cis-platinum.Both patients were examined by magnetic resonance imaging before chemotherapy and again prior to limb salvage surgery.The location of these lesions in the distal femur must suggest bone infarction especially if the tumor has decreased in size under treatment.     

Tumour and tumour-like lesions of the patella – a multicentre experience

Fifty-nine cases of lesions presenting in the patella were identified after review of the databases of four European bone tumour registries. Of the 59 cases, 46% were non neoplastic, 39% were benign and 15% were malignant. The commonest benign neoplasm was giant cell tumour (GCT) (11 cases). Younger patients were more likely to have a benign neoplasm. Lesions in patients less than 40 years of age included giant cell tumour, chondroblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), osteomyelitis, osteoid osteoma and solitary bone cyst. In patients older than 40 years, the following were common lesions: intra-osseous gout, metastasis and intra-osseous ganglion. Expansion of the patella with thinning of cortex was seen more commonly in GCT and brown tumour in hyperparathyroidism. There was associated soft tissue extension in gout and malignant lesions.     

新生儿先天性梅毒骨骼改变的X线表现

目的:探讨新生儿先天性梅毒骨骼X线表现的诊断及其治疗后随访的价值.方法:搜集经临床及梅毒血清学检查确诊的新生儿先天性梅毒的X线平片资料进行回顾性分析.结果:232例中149例长骨有异常改变,长骨干骺端先期钙化带下透亮带55例,干骺端不光整、呈锯齿状改变34例,干骺端见尖角征31例,骨干密度不均9例,骨干骨皮质增厚2例,骨膜反应11例.不规则骨改变6例,短骨改变10例,表现为髂骨先期钙化带下见弧形透亮带3例,肩胛骨先期钙化带下见弧形透亮带3例,掌骨周围见透亮带4例,跟骨周围见环形透亮带3例,距骨见环形透亮带3例.24例随访病人,6～12个月骨骼破坏基本修复.结论:新生儿先天性梅毒骨骼受累出现率较高,其X线表现具有一定的特征性,可作为一种诊断手段,并指导治疗和评价疗效.     

肌骨超声在痛风诊疗中的应用与研究进展

痛风是由长期高尿酸血症（HUA）导致单钠尿酸盐（MSU）晶体在关节和其他组织中异常沉积所引起的代谢性疾病。超声可早期发现MSU晶体在关节周围沉积,从无症状高尿酸血症（AH）期到痛风晚期均有特异性超声表现,而且超声可对痛风累及范围和程度进行随访监测。综述痛风的超声影像学特点并对超声在降尿酸治疗监测和痛风治疗中的研究进展加以介绍。     

Tophaceous gout of the cervical spine causing cord compression: Computed tomographic diagnosis

Tophaceous gout causing cord compression with a normal serum urate level and with no current symptoms of polyradiculopathy is a rare occurrence. We describe the computed tomographic (CT) findings of large, well-defined marginal and juxtamarginal erosions containing urate deposits which resulted in extradural cord compression in the cervical spine of a patient with chronic polyarticular tophaceous gout.