最小二乘法求算药物动力学参数标准差的研究

本文提出利用血药浓度的平均值拟合血药浓度和时间的关系。应用最小二乘法把血药浓度的标准差分配给曲线参数,再由误差传递原理将曲线参数的标准差传给药物动力学参数,从而使药物动力学参数既能表现出药物在生物体内的一般规律,又能反映出生物体的个体差异。文中介绍了本方法的数学原理及头孢羟氨苄在狗体内的药物动力学计算实例。结果表明,本方法计算量小,结果可靠。     

PBL教学法在护理查房中的应用

以问题为基础的教学方法（PBL）由麦克马斯特大学的Barrows教授首创，于1986年首次引人中国，该方法能提高护理查房的效果，更好地实现查房的目的。本文系统介绍了这种新护理教学方法的主要内容，并以实例的形式阐述了该教学方法的实施过程。希望通过在基础课、临床课和实验课中实行该教学方法能取得良好的效果。     

利用Siemens Explora FDG4化学合成模块合成18F-FDG的方法及质量控制

目的:建立18F-FDG注射剂的合成工艺及质量控制方法.方法:采用西门子公司的Explora FDG4化学合成模块合成可供注射用的18F-FDG.结果:制得18F-FDG注射剂,TLC测定放射化学纯度大于98%,合成效率达58%以上.结论:采用本方法合成18F-FDG注射剂可在满足日常检查需要的同时最大限度的减少工作人员受到的辐射.     

用二剂量法测定鲑鱼降钙素生物效价的研究

本文采用二剂量法测定鲑鱼降钙素的生物效价，测定了三批鲑鱼降钙素原料，结果生物效价均符合规定，并且平均可信限率均在50％以下。结果提示，用二剂量法测定鲑鱼降钙素生物效价是可行的，并且较三剂量法有明显的优点。     

Effect of vinpocetine on red blood cell deformability in vivo measured by a new centrifugation method.

A simple new apparatus has been devised to measure red blood cell deformability and the effect of vinpocetine (CAS 42971-09-5) on this property was examined in vivo. The filterability index obtained by this new method correlated well with that obtained by Swank's screen filtration pressure apparatus. Vinpocetine, given as a single oral dose of 10 mg, increased the red blood cell deformability of 5 healthy male volunteers as determined by both methods. The new centrifugation method is simple and suitable for clinical application. Vinpocetine appears to offer a new treatment of cerebral circulatory disorders.     

Determination of protein binding byin vitro charcoal adsorption

Certain compounds such as SC-52151 have extensive nonspecific adsorption to the ultrafiltration devices or to dialysis membranes and therefore can not be measured by the conventional ultrafiltration or equilibrium dialysis methods. A new method based on charcoal adsorption was developed to overcome this difficulty. Unlike many conventional methods, which are based on the separation of free drug from bound drug under equilibrium conditions, the new method is operated under nonequilibrium conditions and involves measuring the time course of decline of the percentage of bound drug remaining in plasma while the free drug is being removed by charcoal adsorption. Theoretical aspects of the method and the data processing procedure are presented. SC-98A, a compound with minimal nonspecific adsorption to the ultrafiltration membrane, was used to demonstrate the applicability of this method against the ultrafiltration method. Using this method, the protein binding of SC-52151 in human plasma at 1.0 μg/ml was determined to be in the range of 91.4–97.7% at room temperature.     

奈替米星每日1次治疗儿科感染性疾病20例疗效观察

奈替米星在国内临床普遍采用每日多次给药的方法,本文在参考国外有关报道基础上,对20例儿科感染性疾病进行了每日1次给药方法的疗效观察,探讨了其抗感染效果与不良反应.结果显示治愈率85%,好转率10%,无效率5%,无1例出现耳、肾毒性反应.证实奈替米星每日1次给药方法具有高效、低毒,使用方便等优点,可以替代目前使用的每日多次给药方法.     

Esters of cephalosporins part IX. New method of isolation of cefetamet pivoxil

A new method of isolation of cefetamet pivoxil, which results in higher purity and higher yield than according to the known methods, was worked out. The new method depends on ability to the adsorption on acidic active carbon of total amount of this antibiotic together with only a small amount of impurities. During two-step elution all impurities were washed out in the first step and in the next step pure cefetamet pivoxil was eluated by another solvent.     

示波极谱滴定法测定甘草锌中锌的含量

利用Ｚｎ＾２＋在交流示波图上有敏锐切口，用ＥＤＴＡ滴定，以Ｚｎ＾２＋的切口消失指示终点，直接简便，快速地测定了甘草锌及其制剂中的锌的含量。原料药及胶囊剂回收率分别为９９．７０％和９９．３４％。     

快速鉴别注射用盐酸大观霉素中的细菌内毒素

目的 探讨快速鉴别注射用盐酸大观霉素中细菌内毒素的可行性。方法 应用Molisch法对药品中的细菌内毒素进行快速鉴别,与鲎试验方法进行验证比较。结果 1批注射用盐酸大观霉素呈现明显的阳性紫环反应,同时鲎试验检查判断为不符合规定,4批注射用盐酸大观霉素呈阴性反应,两种方法的检查结果一致。结论 Molisch法可用于快速鉴别注射用盐酸大观霉素中的细菌内毒素,该方法为热原反应药害应急事件的处理提供了一种新思路。     

基于连续重新评估方法寻找药物的最大安全剂量

目的建立在药物临床试验阶段确定药物最大安全剂量的方法。方法利用连续重新评估的方法,充分利用已有的试验数据,及时更新有关参数,同时结合目前多元比较中很流行的小样本似然比率方法,从而得出最佳的答案。结果从模拟结果来看,该方法效果很好。结论目前使用的方法是根据事前的标准,由既定方法和计算公式得出药物的最大安全剂量,不能根据最新的试验数据及时调整模型参数,因此得到的结果往往不是最佳。本方法建立的确定药物最大安全剂量方法能够弥补这一缺点,更为准确。     

Determination of human interferons α, β and γ in plasma and/or pharmaceuticals

The fact that human Interferon is inactivated with protein as such as trypsin and pepsin has been noted, and a new method for quantitative determination was established. It was revealed that the decomposing substance of the human Interferon obtained by an action upon kallikrein or trypsin, under fixed conditions, hydrolyzed a substrate peptide MCA. By this method, a sensitive new method for quantitative determination of favorable reproducibility in human Interferon preparations and in human plasma was established.     

氧氟沙星及其胶囊的HPLC测定

改进了氧氟沙星及其胶囊的ＨＰＬＣ测定条件。与卫生部药品标准方法相比，柱放大为提高，拖尾现象减小。     

体外定量测定肿瘤细胞迁移方法的建立及应用

目的建立一种可检测肿瘤细胞迁移率和筛选抗肿瘤细胞迁移药物的新方法。方法将TranswellTM小室迁移法与间接检测细胞数的MTT法相结合,分别定量迁移和未迁移细胞从而计算肿瘤细胞的迁移率。结果利用新方法,能检测6株不同肿瘤细胞的迁移能力;新方法重复性高于传统的计数法;并能测定药物对肿瘤细胞迁移的抑制作用。结论新建的肿瘤细胞迁移测定法是一种敏感和可靠的用于定量测定的肿瘤细胞迁移率的方法,为肿瘤细胞迁移的评估提供了更好的手段。     

差示分光光度法测定制剂中硝苯啶的含量

利用硝苯啶溶液对光不稳定的性质,在波长350nm处测其光照前后的吸收度差值(△A),△A与硝苯啶乙醇溶液浓度在10～60μg/ml范围内呈线性关系。使用本法对硝苯啶片进行了含量测定,并对其类似物进行了干扰试验,排除了组分的干扰。该法的精密度日内为1.3%,日间为1.9%,平均回收率为99.96%。方法简便、快速,不需色谱等分离手段即可达到分析目的,专一性、重复性均较好,是分析硝苯啶制剂的一种新途径。     

软膏剂卫生学检验供试液的新乳化方法

采用一种新方法,对以凡士林或油为基质的软膏剂进行了大量乳化试验考察,结果表明此方法各方面均优于部颁法。     

果糖-1，6-二磷酸钙的制备研究

首次报道了一种简易,便于工业生产的分离精制果糖二磷酸钙（Ｃａ２ＦＰＤ）的新方法,本法主要改进之处是发酵液先采用调节ｐＨ生成沉淀步骤除去大量杂质,Ｃａ２ＦＯＰ粗品又经酸碱沉淀步骤除去剩余杂质;由以上二个缓和简便的固液分离操作,能除去难分离的己糖磷酸酯、磷酸盐、多糖等杂质,由本法获得的ＣａＦＯＰ不仅在ＦＤＰ含量、杂质限量等主要质量控制指标上达到药用标准,而且为制备ＦＤＰ类新衍生物提供了有效手段。     

昆虫提取物的抗菌活性研究

相对于植物化学和海洋生物化学,昆虫次生代谢物的多样性可能是新药研究中一个更为珍稀的可替代资源。为寻找新的抗菌类化合物及开展昆虫天然产物化学的研究,本文对8种昆虫提取物进行了抗菌活性的筛选和评价。研究采用了圆形纸片扩散法,以相应抗生素作为阳性对照,对昆虫70%甲醇提取物进行抗菌活性测定。结果显示,除土鳖虫外,其余7中昆虫提取物均具有较强的抗革兰阳性菌或(和)革兰阴性菌的活性。并且文中使用的溶剂两段提取方法,为以后的昆虫次生代谢物的研究奠定了技术基础。该研究将为抗生素新药先导化合物的发现和拓展昆虫化学研究方向提供新的思路。     

岭回归分光光度法同时测定复方阿司匹林片中的各组分

本文将岭回归用于分光光度分析中的多组分同时定量,着重介绍了方法的基本原理,基本步骤和基本计算。指出了它特别适用于最小二乘估计不够理想的情况,即当吸收系数矩阵S=ε^Tε接近退化,以致使浓度值C接近不可估的病态体系。并将该法用于复方阿司匹林片中三种组分的测定,取得满意结果。     

Controlled release of prednisolone from suppository prepared using powder of pulverized tablet

Prednisolone suppositories have been used successfully for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in hospital settings. However, the raw material of prednisolone suppository, JP prednisolone powder (JP Powder), was recently removed from the market. Therefore we studied the effects of raw material and suppository base on the release of prednisolone suppository for the purpose of designing a new suppository with similar effects to those of suppository prepared using JP powder (old suppository). New suppositories consisting of the powder of pulverized tablet as raw material and Witepsol H-15 and Witepsol E-75 as suppository base were prepared according to the fusion method. Suppository release test was performed by reciprocating dialysis tube method with tapping (RDT method) and dialysis tubing method (DT method). Both RDT method and DT method were performed using a suppository dissolution apparatus (modified JP disintegration apparatus) and a JP15 paddle apparatus, respectively. The test fluid was 50 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) maintained at 37+/-0.5 degrees C. The results of release test by RDT method were similar to those of DT method. Release rate of prednisolone from the new suppository was much faster than that of old suppository. The addition of Witepsol E-75 to new suppository base markedly delayed the release of prednisolone from the new suppository. Release rate of prednisolone from the new suppository, consisting of pulverized tablet and Witepsol H-15 and Witepsol E-75 (76:24), corresponded well with that of the old suppository. It was suggested that this suppository could be used as incoming preparation of suppository prepared using JP powder.