320排 CT 冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉斑块特征与慢性肾疾病分期的相关性研究

目的：评估320排冠状动脉CT造影（CCTA）动脉硬化斑块的特征与慢性肾疾病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）分期的相关性。方法研究纳入151例因可疑冠心病而接受320排CCTA检查的CKD患者,男69例,女82例,年龄18～55岁。根据美国国立肾脏基金会（National Kidney Foundation）的分期将CKD分为5期。比较不同分期CKD患者的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块状况[有无斑块、斑块数、钙化斑块（CP）、单支病变、多支病变、非钙化斑块（NCP）、混合斑块（MP）和梗阻性狭窄]。结果 Pearson 回归分析显示无斑块与CKD分期呈负相关（r＝-0.282,P＝0.44＜0.05）;而存在斑块与CKD分期呈正相关（r＝0.282,P＝0.44＜0.05）。多支病变、斑块数以及CP百分率与CKD分期呈正相关（r＝0.916,0.839,0.819,P＜0.001）。NCP 百分率与 CKD 分期无相关性（r＝0.19,P＝0.089＞0.05）。MP 百分率与 CKD分期呈正相关（r＝0.313,P＜0.05）。梗阻性狭窄与CKD分期呈正相关（r＝0.875,P＜0.001）。结论 CKD分期与存在斑块、多支病变和斑块数、CP、MP以及梗阻性狭窄呈正相关。更晚的CKD分期预示着更广泛更严重的冠心病。     

慢性肾疾病患者冠状动脉斑块特征的320排冠状动脉CT造影评价

目的：本研究的目的是评估慢性肾疾病（CKD）患者320排冠状动脉CT造影（CCTA）动脉硬化斑块的特征。方法比较了由于胸痛和冠心病的筛查而接受320排CCTA检查的73例CKD患者[平均年龄（57.0±9.9）岁,64.8%的男性]和73例肾功能正常（NRF）者[平均年龄（55.0±12.3）岁,62.2%的男性]的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块[存在斑块、斑块负荷、钙化斑块（CP）、单支病变、多支病变、非钙化斑块（NCP）、混合斑块（MP）和梗阻性狭窄]。结果单因素分析显示与NRF者比较,CKD患者单支病变发生率低（24.7%vs.45.2%,P＝0.041）,而多支病变发病率明显增高（61.6%vs.6.9%,P＜0.001）,存在斑块发病率高（86.3%vs.52%,P＝0.025）;CKD患者的斑块负荷明显增高（2.81±3.61 vs.0.76±0.87, P＜0.001）;其CP和MP发病率高（分别为53.4%vs.15.1%,P＜0.001,39.7%vs.13.7%,P＝0.036）,而NCP发病率相似（24.7%vs.26.0%,P＝0.868）;另外,CKD患者有着高的冠状动脉梗阻性狭窄（50.7%vs.15.1%,P＝0.014）多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示CKD患者有着明显高的斑块负荷[5.77（95%CI 2.95～14.38）,P＜0.001]和明显高的多支病变和CP发病率[危害比分别为7.47（95%CI 3.11～16.17）, P＜0.001和5.82（95%CI 2.98～15.61）,P＜0.001]。结论 CKD患者的斑块数负荷、多支病变和CP百分率明显高于NRF者,预示着有更高的发生冠状动脉不良事件的风险。     

糖尿病和无糖尿病患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块范围和组成的320排冠状动脉CT造影评价

目的：评估糖尿病和无糖尿病患者320排冠状动脉 CT 造影（CCTA）冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块范围和组成的区别。方法比较由于胸痛和冠心病的筛查而接受320排CCTA 检查的108例糖尿病患者[平均年龄（57.0±9.9）岁,64.8%为男性]和246例无糖尿病患者[平均年龄（55.0±12.3）岁,62.2%为男性]的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块[总斑块,钙化斑块（CP）,非钙化斑块（NCP）和混合斑块（MP）]。斑块的范围是指存在斑块节段数的连续变量。结果与无糖尿病患者比较,糖尿病患者单支血管病变发生率低（41.7%vs.72.0%,P=0.012）,而2、3、4支血管病变发生率高（31.5%vs.19.1%,P=0.043;22.2%vs.8.9%,P=0.031;4.6%vs.0）;糖尿病患者的CP、NCP和MP发生率高（36.1%vs.32.9%,P=0.721;80.9%vs.39.0%,P〈0.001;74.1%vs.35.4%,P=0.009）和总斑块、CP、NCP和MP范围发生率亦高[（4.88±3.91）个节段vs.（1.76±2.87）个节段,P〈0.001;（1.62±1.71）个节段vs.（0.55±1.83）个节段,P=0.039;（2.34±2.25）个节段vs.（0.78±1.65）个节段,P=0.019;（2.51±2.33）个节段vs.（0.97±1.54）个节段,P=0.026]。另外,糖尿病患者有着高的冠状动脉单发狭窄（34.3%vs.9.8%,P=0.047）和显著高的多发狭窄（21.3%vs.8.5%,P〈0.001）。结论与无糖尿病患者比较,糖尿病患者有较高的多支血管病变、单发和多发狭窄发生率以及高的总斑块、CP、NCP和MP负荷。预示有更高发生急性冠状动脉事件的可能性。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块特征和管腔重构的320排CT研究

目的探讨320排冠状动脉CT造影（CCTA）斑块特征和血管重构的预后价值。方法经320排CCTA检查的368例冠心病患者被随访18～28个月,平均（23±5.5）个月。研究终点是发生冠状动脉不良事件（心源性猝死、非致命性心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛）。 CCTA分析包括钙化斑块（CP）、非钙化斑块（NCP）和混合斑块（MP）、梗阻性斑块、正性重构（PR）、偏心性斑块。通过手工测量血管横截面积定义重构指数（RI）,RI＝病变处血管横截面积/（病变处近端正常血管面积＋远端血管面积）/2。 RI＞1.10为PR, RI＜0.95为负性重构（NR）。 RI＝0.95～1.10为无重构。结果368例1231个节段被发现存在动脉斑块,包括CP 155个节段（12.6％）、NCP 543个节段（44.1％）、MP 533个节段（43.3％）、梗阻性斑块188个节段（15.3％）、PR 145个节段（11.8％）、偏心性斑块1033个（83.9％）。随访期间,21例（5.6％）发生冠状动脉不良事件。单因素分析显示MP,与未并发冠状动脉不良事件斑块比较,梗阻性斑块、PR、偏心性斑块发生冠状动脉不良事件发病率高（分别是74.9％ vs．42.8％, P＝0.021;95.2％ vs．13.9％, P＜0.001;95.2％ vs．10.3％,P＜0.001;95.2％ vs．83.7％,P＝0.043）。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示仅梗阻性斑块[HR＝5.25（95％CI,2.17～12.69）,P＜0.001]和PR[HR＝5.55（95％ CI,2.10～14.70）,P＜0.001]是发生冠状动脉不良事件的独立预测因素。结论 CCTA表现为梗阻性斑块和PR,独立于其他CCTA高危因素,强烈暗示将来发生冠状动脉不良事件。     

多层螺旋CT评价主动脉瓣钙化与冠状动脉斑块性质相关性研究

目的 探讨256层iCT评价主动脉瓣钙化（AVC）与冠状动脉斑块性质的相关性。方法 收集可疑冠状动脉性心脏病患者223例,行冠状动脉CTA（CCTA）。根据有无AVC将患者分为AVC组（n=55）和对照组（n=168）,将冠状动脉斑块分为钙化斑块（CP）、非钙化斑块（NCP）、混合斑块（MP）,并进行统计学分析。结果 AVC组与对照组CP、MP检出率、严重狭窄发生率、冠状动脉钙化积分和冠状动脉病变节段数的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,而NCP检出率和多支血管病变发生率差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示AVC与CP、MP、多支病变和严重狭窄的发生均存在独立相关性（OR=3.53、3.51、3.13、5.80,95%CI:1.66~7.50、1.59~7.79、1.45~6.77、2.30~14.60,P均<0.05）,而与NCP的发生无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 AVC与冠状动脉CP和MP的发生独立相关,且AVC的出现多提示冠状动脉病变累及范围更广、更严重。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化管腔重构与斑块形态的320排CT研究

目的探讨320排冠状动脉CT造影（CCTA）血管重构和动脉斑块形态学的关系。方法纳入经320排CCTA检查的382例冠心病患者。男279例（73.0%）,女103例（27.0%）,年龄36~86岁,平均（58±11）岁。CCTA分析包括阳性重构、钙化斑块（CP）、非钙化斑块（NCP）、混合斑块（MP）、梗阻性斑块、偏心性斑块。通过手工测量血管横截面积定义重构指数（RI）,RI=病变处血管横截面积/（病变处近端正常血管面积＋远端血管面积）/2。RI〉1.10为PR,RI〈0.95为NR。RI=0.95~1.10为无重构。结果 382例1255个节段被发现存在动脉斑块,其中PR 121例（31.7%）148个节段（11.8%）;NR 82例（21.4%）91个节段（7.3%）和无重构179例（46.9%）1016个节段（81.0%）。CP 159个节段（12.7%）、NCP 549个节段（43.7%）和MP 547个节段（43.6%）;梗阻性病变194个节段（15.6%）,非梗阻性病变1061个节段（84.4%）;偏心性斑块1054个节段（84.0%）,同心性斑块201个节段（16.0%）。单因素分析显示PR组MP、非梗阻性病变和偏心性斑块百分率高于NR和无重构组（75.0%、57.1%和40.8%,93.9%、82.4%和83.4%,99.3%、16.5%和87.8%,P值为0.034、0.041、0.044,均〈0.05）。在多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析中,只有偏心性斑块是发生PR的独立因素。结论 CCTA表现为MP、非梗阻性斑块和偏心性斑块,PR发生率高,而偏心性斑块是发生PR的独立因素。     

探讨CCTA衍生的斑块特征指数对于诊断稳定性冠心病患者心肌缺血的临床应用价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨基于冠状动脉CT血管造影（Coronary CT Angiography,CCTA）的定量斑块特征及高风险斑块特征与稳定性冠心病心肌缺血之间的关系及临床相关性。方法 前瞻性地纳入2020年10月至2022年3月期间于复旦大学附属中山医院临床转诊为ICA的疑似或已知冠心病的连续性患者。所有参与者在2周内接受了CCTA,侵入性冠脉造影（Invasive Coronary Angiography,ICA）和有创血流储备分数（Fractional Flow Reserve,FFR）测量。FFR≤0.80的血管狭窄被认为会导致心肌缺血,并以此为标准划分心肌缺血组和非缺血组。采用单变量逻辑回归和多变量逻辑回归分析诊断心肌缺血的影响因素并建立基于CCTA的斑块特征指数的回归模型。使用ROC曲线分析基于CCTA的斑块特征指数预测病变特异性缺血的诊断效能。结果 最终,本研究纳入了90例（135支目标血管）稳定性冠心病患者。最小管腔面积（OR=0.303, 95% CI：0.178- 0.517, P<0.001）和总动脉粥样硬化体积（OR=1.006, 95% CI 1.002- 1.010, P=0.003）为心肌缺血的独立预测因子。基于CCTA的斑块特征指数诊断病变特异性心肌缺血的AUC为0.879（95% CI 0.811- 0.928）。结论 在稳定性冠心病人群中,基于CCTA的斑块特征指数对于病变特异性心肌缺血有一定的预测价值,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

双源CT对心包内脂肪与冠脉斑块及狭窄程度相关性分析

目的:目的:分析双源CT对心包内脂肪与冠脉斑块及狭窄程度相关性。方法:回顾性分析2014年10月-2015年10月本院诊治的80例冠心病患者临床资料,将其作为研究组,另选择同期在本院行体检的无冠状动脉粥样硬化65例志愿者临床资料,设为对照组;两组研究对象均接受双源CT检查,对比两组EAT与PAT体积,观察研究组EAT与冠脉钙化积分及冠状狭窄程度关联性。结果:研究组EAT体积(101.33±39.52)cm~3与PAT体积(101.57±48.95)cm3显著大于对照组(88.52±32.51)cm3、(74.23±31.25)cm3(P0.05);另外,EAT与冠脉钙化积分及冠状狭窄程度未显示明显关联性。结论:冠心病患者EAT体积与PAT体积大小与冠状动脉粥样硬化有一定相关性,但是与冠脉斑块及狭窄程度之间无直接相关性。     

CT血管造影联合血清同型半胱氨酸、脂蛋白(a)及B型脑钠肽在评估冠状动脉硬化狭窄中的临床价值

  目的  探讨CT血管造影联合血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、脂蛋白（LP）(a) 及B型脑钠肽（BNP）在冠状动脉硬化狭窄中的评估价值。  方法  选取我院2020年12月~2021年7月收治的150例冠心病患者作为观察组,另选取86例健康体检者作为对照组,均予以CT血管造影及血清Hcy、BNP、LP(a)水平检查,分析上述血清指标与疾病类型、冠脉病变支数、冠脉狭窄程度、斑块性质及CT血管造影冠脉参数的相关性。  结果  观察组血清Hcy、BNP、LP(a)水平及斑块负荷、血管狭窄程度、重建指数（RI）较对照组更高,血管体积低于对照组（P < 0.05）;急性心肌梗死患者血清Hcy、LP(a)、BNP水平及斑块负荷均 > 不稳定型心绞痛患者 > 稳定型心绞痛患者 > 隐匿型冠心病患者（P < 0.05）;随冠脉病变支数、冠脉狭窄程度增加,冠心病患者上述血清指标升高,斑块负荷、RI值均增加（P < 0.05）;非钙化斑块者上述血清指标及斑块负荷、血管狭窄程度、RI值高于钙化斑块者（P < 0.05）;冠心病患者3项血清指标均与非钙化斑块及斑块负荷、急性心肌梗死、冠脉病变支数、冠脉狭窄程度、血管狭窄程度、RI值呈正相关（P < 0.05）;ROC曲线显示,CT血管造影联合3项血清指标诊断冠状动脉硬化重度狭窄（狭窄程度 > 75%）的敏感度、特异性、曲线下面积分别为0.81、0.82、0.878。  结论  冠心病患者血清Hcy、LP(a)、BNP水平逐渐升高,与CT血管造影参数联合可较好地诊断冠状动脉硬化狭窄程度。      

负荷动态CT心肌灌注结合冠状动脉CT血管成像对冠心病心肌缺血的诊断意义研究

目的:探究负荷动态CT心肌灌注(CT-MPI)结合冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)对冠心病心肌缺血的诊断意义。方法:将我院收治的80例冠心病心肌缺血患者随机分为对照组(行CCTA检查)、实验组(行CT-MPI结合CCTA检查),各40例。比较两组斑块致管腔狭窄比例、斑块长度及诊断准确率。结果:相较对照组,实验组管腔狭窄比例更高,斑块长度更长,诊断准确率更高,P<0.05,比较有差异性。结论:经CT-MPI结合CCTA检查冠心病心肌缺血患者可更精准确定冠状动脉狭窄及斑块病变情况,提高诊断准确率,临床应用价值较高。     

Significance of noncalcified coronary plaque in asymptomatic subjects with low coronary artery calcium score: assessment with coronary computed tomography angiography

We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of noncalcified coronary plaques (NCP) using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and analyze predictors of significant coronary stenosis by NCP in asymptomatic subjects with low coronary artery calcium score (CACS). The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and all patients gave written, informed consent. The presence of plaque, severity of stenosis, plaque characteristics, and CACS were assessed in 7,515 asymptomatic subjects. We evaluated the prevalence and severity of NCP in subjects having low CACS (707 subjects; men with CACS from 1 to 50 and women from 1 to 10) in comparison to those having 0 CACS (6,040 subjects) as the reference standard. Conventional risk factors were assessed for predictors of NCP and significant stenosis by NCP. We also investigated the cardiac events of the patients through medical records. Compared to subjects with 0 CACS, those with low CACS showed higher prevalence of NCP (6.9% vs. 31.5%, P < 0.001) and significant stenosis caused by NCP (0.8% vs. 7.5%, P < 0.001). In the low CACS group, independent predictors for significant NCP included diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (all P < 0.05). However, 47.2% of subjects with significant NCP were classified into the low to intermediate risk according to Framingham Risk Score. At the median follow up of 42 months (range: 3-60 months), cardiac events were significantly higher in the low CACS group compared to the 0 CACS group (2.6% vs. 0.27%, P < 0.001). In asymptomatic subjects having low CACS, the prevalence and severity of NCP were higher as compared to subjects having zero CACS and predictors of significant stenosis by NCP were DM, hypertension and LDL-Cholesterol. Therefore, CCTA may be useful for risk stratification of coronary artery disease as added value over CACS in selected populations with low CACS who have predictors of significant NCP.     

双源CT心外膜脂肪体积定量对冠状动脉斑块稳定性的影响

目的探讨冠心病患者心外膜脂肪体积对冠状动脉斑块稳定性的影响。方法纳入同期行双源CT冠状动脉成像与经皮冠状动脉造影的冠心病患者145例,测量患者的身高、体重、血压、血生化指标,通过64排双源CT测定心外膜脂肪体积与斑块性质、重构指数、点状钙化,并进行心外膜脂肪体积与易损斑块的相关分析。结果年龄、性别、吸烟、糖尿病、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)在斑块性质、血管重构、点状钙化中的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LDL-C在斑块性质与点状钙化中也无统计学差异(P>0.05),正性重构组LDL-C水平高于非正性重构组(P=0.040)。非钙化斑块组、正性重构组、点状钙化组的高血压患病率、BMI与心外膜脂肪体积均高于钙化斑块组、非正性重构组、无点状钙化组(P<0.05),其中心外膜脂肪体积差异最大(P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析表明心外膜脂肪体积是影响易损斑块的独立危险因素(OR=2.015,P=0.001)。ROC曲线分析表明心外膜脂肪体积诊断易损斑块的阈值为103.7 cm3,诊断的敏感性与特异性分别为93.0%和61.8%(P<0.001)。结论双源CT测量心外膜脂肪体积与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的斑块性质、血管重构、点状钙化具有良好的相关性,可作为影响易损斑块的独立危险因素,并早期判断冠心病患者的预后。     

Association between renal dysfunction and the mixed plaque of coronary artery on computed tomographic angiography

Coronary artery plaque is related to development of coronary artery disease (CAD), and chronic kidney disease is associated with CAD. However, the association of renal dysfunction (RD) with coronary artery plaque characteristics has not been fully elucidated. We evaluated the association between RD and coronary artery plaque characteristics in patients with suspected CAD, who underwent multislice computed tomographic angiography (CTA). A total of 918 patients were classified into 4 groups: group with no plaque (NP) (48.9%), group with calcified plaque (CP) (16.0%), group with noncalcified plaque (NCP) (22.4%), and group with mixed plaque (MP) (12.7%). NCP is considered as rupture-prone soft plaque, and CP as more stable lesion. The mean of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 82.5 ± 15.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and the prevalence of RD (defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) was 6.3%. The prevalence of RD was 3.3% in the NP group, 10.2% in the CP group, 5.3% in the NCP group, and 14.5% in the MP group (P < 0.001 by ANOVA tests). The adjusted odds ratio for RD was 3.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.27-9.04) for the MP group, compared with the NP group. The presence of RD showed an independent association with the MP counts (r = 0.155, P < 0.001); however, there was no association between RD and other plaque characteristics. In conclusion, RD is associated with MP rather than CP or NCP, compared with NP, which may reflect one of the developmental processes of CAD in patients with RD.     

Grade-response relationship between blood pressure and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults: assessment with coronary CT angiography

Hypertension is known to be a strong risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity, and plaque characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis according to grade of blood pressure (BP) using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in asymptomatic adults. We enrolled 8,238 asymptomatic subjects who underwent coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) and CCTA for health screening purposes. Subjects were classified according to JNC 7 guidelines (normal, systolic BP/diastolic BP < 120/80; pre-hypertension [PH], 120–139/80–89; hypertension stage 1 [H1], 140–159/90–99; hypertension stage 2 [H2], >160/100). Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH; systolic BP > 140, diastolic BP < 80) was additionally categorized. With CCTA, the presence of plaques, severity of stenosis, and plaque types were assessed. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for plaque, obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (luminal stenosis ≥50 %), non-calcified plaque (NCP), and CACS > 100 were assessed according to BP grade. After adjustment for clinical risk factors, the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis, NCP, and CACS > 100 gradually increased from PH stage (all P values for trend <0.05), while the risk of obstructive CAD increased from the H1 stage (AORs of H1 and H2: 1.70 and 2.33, respectively). In the ISH group, the AOR of subclinical atherosclerosis (1.64) was higher than in the H1 group (1.55), while the AOR of obstructive CAD (2.58) was higher than in the H2 group (2.33). Therefore, our study strongly suggests that coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults shows a grade-response relationship according to hypertension grade.