混合型初次人工全髋关节置换术的临床应用

目的探讨混合型初次人工全髋关节置换术的适应证及临床疗效。方法回顾性研究2004年1月至2007年12月施行混合型初次人工全髋关节置换术42例（45髋）,全部得到随访,临床资料完整,平均随访（34．1±1．2）个月,对假体生存率、Harris髋关节评分、疼痛、步态、大腿痛等方面进行评估。放射学资料完整者39例（42髋）,平均随访（31．5±1．6）个月,对假体放射学松动率、骨水泥鞘分级、异位骨化等方面进行评估。结果假体生存率为97．7％,以髋臼或股骨假体无菌性松动为观察终点,则假体生存率为100％。Harris髋关节评分比术前平均（48±20）分（10～85分）改善为平均（90±8）分（56～100分）,仅1髋股骨头坏死为轻度疼痛,其余44髋均为轻微疼痛或无疼痛。2例为中度跛行,10例为轻度跛行,30例无跛行。无一例出现大腿痛,无一例出现髋臼或股骨假体的放射学松动。2例（2髋）发生异位骨化,均为BrookerⅠ级。结论混合型初次人工全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节疾患效果良好。     

羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄初次全髋关节置换随机对照试验的meta分析

目的 评价羟基磷灰石涂层与非羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄初次全髋关节置换术的临床和放射学结果差异.方法 计算机检索MEDLINE、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库,搜集比较羟基磷灰石涂层与非羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄初次全髋关节置换术的随机对照试验,临床结果评价指标包括Harris评分、大腿疼痛发生率,放射学结果评价指标包括假体周围点焊和透亮线现象、异位骨化.采用RevMan 5.0软件对纳入试验数据进行meta分析.结果 共纳入10项研究917髋,其中HA组464髋,非HA组453髋.Meta合并结果两组术后Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义(WMD=3.04,95％ CI:-4.47～ 10.54,P=0.43),术后大腿疼痛发生率比较差异有统计学意义(RR=0.56,95％CI:0.33 ～0.94,P=0.03),术后假体周围点焊现象(RR=1.01,95％ CI:0.91～ 1.11,P=0.91)、透亮线现象(RR =0.99,95％ CI:0.88 ～ 1.11,P=0.83)和异位骨化发生率(RR =0.97,95％ CI:0.77 ～ 1.21,P=0.77),差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄初次全髋关节置换在临床和放射学结果上并无明显优势,目前尚无充足证据说明可降低术后大腿痛的发生率.     

混合型初次人工全髋关节置换术的短期随访研究

目的 探讨混合型初次人工全髋关节置换术的适应证及治疗效果.方法 回顾性研究2001年1月～2004年12月由同一术者施行的混合型初次人工全髋关节置换术患者63例( 80髋),失访5例(5髋),临床随访资料完整者58例(75髋),对假体生存率、Harris 髋关节评分、疼痛、步态、大腿痛等方面进行评估;放射学资料完整者49 例(64髋),对假体放射学松动率、骨水泥鞘分级、异位骨化等方面进行评估.结果 75例(58髋)术后获随访(33.9±1.3)个月平均(15～57个月),假体生存率为97.3%,以髋臼或股骨假体无菌性松动为观察终点,则假体生存率为100%.Harris 髋关节评分从术前的平均(46±20)分(10～85分)改善为平均(92±8)分(56～100分). 56例(73髋)患者中,术后95.9%的患者(70髋)无疼痛或仅有轻微疼痛.4例(7.1%)为中度跛行,14例(25%)为轻度跛行,38 例(67.9%)无跛行.无一例出现大腿痛、髋臼或股骨假体的放射学松动.49例(64髋)放射学资料完整患者股骨假体骨水泥鞘分级:A级37髋, B 级20髋,C1级4髋, C2级3髋.4例(4髋)发生异位骨化,均为Brooker I级.结论 混合型初次人工全髋关节置换术近期随访效果良好.     

广泛微孔涂层非骨水泥假体治疗Vancouver B2型假体周围骨折

目的 评价广泛微孔涂层非骨水泥长柄假体治疗Vancouver B2型股骨假体周围骨折的疗效.方法 2002年10月至2007年5月对10例初次全髋置换术后Vancouver B2型假体周围骨折患者采用广泛微孔涂层非骨水泥长柄假体予以翻修,其中初次置换股骨柄为骨水泥固定者4例,非骨水泥固定6例.结果 10例患者均获随访,平均随访时间44个月(12～67个月),Harris评分平均为87.6分.所有患者骨折均愈合,骨折平均愈合时间4.6个月.8例骨长入稳定,2例纤维稳定,无假体松动和下沉,1例出现大腿痛,3例股骨近端出现应力遮挡.结论 广泛微孔涂层长柄非骨水泥假体治疗Vancouver B2型假体周围骨折,很好地控制了骨折端轴向和旋转稳定性,且骨与假体有很好的骨整合,为骨折的愈合提供了良好的环境,骨折愈合率高.     

258髋Corail股骨柄假体中期疗效观察

目的：探讨终末期髋关节疾病患者采用 Corail 羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite,HA)全涂层股骨柄假体行全髋关节置换术(Total hip arthroplasty, THA)的中期疗效。方法：回顾性分析2011年 1 0月～2019 年 10月采用 Corail 假体行 THA 治疗 239例（258髋）髋关节终末期疾病患者的病例资料,其中男137例,女102例,年龄38~79岁,平均50.4岁。左髋117例,右髋141例。适应症包括股骨头缺血性坏死145髋（56.2%）,髋关节发育不良58髋（22.4%）,髋关节骨性关节炎36髋（14.0%）,股骨颈骨折11髋（4.3%）,类风湿关节炎8髋（3.1%）。采用 Harris 评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）及临床并发症评估患者髋关节功能,随访X 片观察假体有无松动、螺钉有无断裂等。结果：所有患者均安全度过围手术期。术后1例患者出现肺部感染伴胸腔积液,术后6例患者术侧大腿出现了不同程度的疼痛,术后5例患者出现假体感染,术后6例患者出现脱位,术后7例患者出现小腿肌间静脉血栓,术后15例患者出现了假体下沉,未出现无菌性松动或神经血管损伤等并发症,无翻修患者,股骨柄存活率为100%。术后239例（258髋）均获随访,随访时间0.5~7年,平均5.8年,末次随访Harris评分（84.84±5.65）分、VAS评分（1.11±0.79）,所有的股骨柄都非常稳定,没有透亮线的迹象。结论：Corail HA 全涂层股骨柄假体具有持久的稳定性,术后大腿疼痛发生率较低等优点,中期疗效较好。     

加长柄假体翻修人工髋关节置换后假体柄周围骨折

目的探讨加长柄假体翻修人工髋关节置换后假体柄周围骨折的有效性和安全性。方法采用加长柄假体翻修术治疗21例Vancouver B型股骨假体周围骨折患者。观察手术时间、术中出血量、髋关节功能Harris评分、疼痛VAS评分和并发症发生情况。结果手术时间127～296 min,术中出血量428～1 240 ml。患者均获得随访,时间12～37个月。骨折均骨性愈合,无假体松动。下肢深静脉血栓1例,大腿外侧异位骨化1例。末次随访时,髋关节功能Harris评分为86分±6分,VAS评分为1. 69分±0. 59分。结论加长柄假体翻修术治疗Vancouver B型股骨假体周围骨折安全有效。     

股骨骨质疏松对骨水泥非骨水泥髋假体置换近期疗效之影响的临床对比研究

目的探讨股骨骨质疏松对骨水泥、非骨水泥髋假体置换近期疗效的影响,以期对其影响作出临床评价。方法对99例（99髋）术前有股骨干骺段骨密度测定值的人工髋关节置换患者进行了平均30个月的随访调查,回顾性分析骨水泥假体和非骨水泥假体在治疗正常骨密度患者和骨质疏松患者上的近期疗效的差别,采用Harris评分、大腿处疼痛、患者满意度三个方面进行比较。结果股骨骨质疏松患者,如选用非骨水泥假体置换,Harris评分及患者满意度均比骨水泥组低（P〈0．05）,而大腿处疼痛率却比骨水泥组高（P〈0．05）;与其在股骨正常骨密度患者上的治疗效果比较,Harris评分及患者满意度也较低（P〈0．05）,大腿处疼痛率较高（P〈0．05）。结论在治疗有股骨骨质疏松的患者时,采用非骨水泥假体置换的近期疗效降低,较骨水泥型假体置换组差,大腿处疼痛率也明显增高。所以,对骨质疏松的患者,以选用骨水泥假体为好。     

股骨近端重建结合生物长柄人工关节治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折内固定失败

目的探讨股骨近端重建结合生物长柄人工髋关节置换的手术要点及临床疗效。方法自2011-01—2015-06采用股骨近端重建结合生物长柄人工髋关节置换治疗股骨粗隆间骨折内固定失败6例。结果所有患者手术时间平均156(90~225)min,术中出血量平均883(400~1700)ml,住院期间均无伤口感染、关节脱位、坠积性肺炎、褥疮、下肢深静脉栓塞、神经损伤等并发症发生。6例均获得平均17(4~51)个月随访,均无明显髋部疼痛,随访期间未发生假体周围感染、人工关节松动、假体周围骨折等并发症。髋关节功能Harris评分:术前平均21(8~46)分,术后平均87.42(85.15~90.75)分。放射学评估:见6例假体在位,无假体松动、下沉存在。结论股骨近端重建结合生物长柄人工髋关节置换术是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折内固定失败的有效术式,股骨近端重建是恢复髋关节良好功能的重要因素。     

Ribbed股骨柄全髋关节置换24例11年随访

[目的]观察Ribbed股骨柄髋假体全髋关节置换后的远期疗效。[方法]自1999年6月～2002年5月,采用解剖柄HA涂层Ribbed髋假体施行非骨水泥固定人工全髋关节置换126例,获平均11年4个月随访24例26髋,男14例,女10例;年龄43～68岁,平均59.4岁。术前疾病:股骨头缺血坏死13例(双侧2例),股骨颈骨折9例,髋关节发育不良2例。术后7～10d,术后6个月和每年1次随访X线片,对髋关节功能依末次随访状况行Harris评分。[结果]依末次随访Harris评价法,获85～100分16例18髋,75～84分8例8髋。轻微大腿痛1例1髋,X线片显示轻微骨吸收1例1髋,无一患髋需行翻修术。术后6个月～3年X线片显示于HA涂层部位近段骨吸收于Gruen5,6区和2,3区1例1髋。所有病例的骨锚固和松质骨、皮质骨骨密度轻度增高,显示髋假体-骨固定良好。[结论]Ribbed髋假体的初始固定能促进早期骨长入达到生物固定目标,并阻碍聚乙烯磨屑髓内迁徙致大腿痛和骨吸收,其长期疗效肯定。     

人工全髋关节置换在骨性强直髋治疗中的临床及放射学评估

目的:对人工全髋关节置换(THA)在骨性强直髋治疗中的临床及放射学效果进行评估。方法:自2003年1月至2009年8月,20例(30髋)骨性强直的髋关节患者采用THA治疗,其中男12例,女8例;平均年龄36岁。术后临床随访根据Harris评分、患者疼痛缓解满意度、肢体长度差异、髋关节活动范围以及髋关节外展肌力进行评价。X线影像学随访包括对髋臼及股骨柄假体周围骨溶解、假体松动、透光线及异位骨化进行评价。术后平均随访时间为4年。结果:Harris评分由术前的平均(40.75±6.52)分提高至术后平均(86.40±5.42)分;邻近受累关节疼痛完全缓解13例,部分缓解7例;13例外展肌力量恢复满意,跛行症状明显缓解,肢体短缩下降至小于0.5cm;髋关节活动范围较术前显著改善。放射学评估发现2例髋关节周围异位骨化,1例股骨假体周围透光线,无关节假体脱位及翻修的病例。结论:近期随访发现THA在治疗骨性强直的髋关节中可以获得满意的临床疗效,矫正髋关节畸形,恢复髋关节功能,减轻患髋邻近关节的疼痛,改善患者的生活质量。     

Experiences with a hydroxyapatite-coated, macroporous surface hip endoprosthesis]

INTRODUCTION: Cementless hip arthroplasty is not completely satisfactory--even with macroporous structured surface. Medium term results are sometimes disappointing because of insufficient secondary stability. Thus our aim was to improve fixation by additional coating with hydroxyapatite. METHODS: 200 consecutive patients who had hydroxyapatite-coated cementless hip replacement with a macroporous hip prosthesis (09/92-03/96) were studied prospectively. All patients were included in a prospective follow up schedule according to the criteria of Johnston et al. As measure of clinical outcome we calculated Harris Hip Score as well as Enghs Score to assess radiologic fixation and stability. RESULTS: 91% could be followed up regularly. No revision because of aseptic loosening had to be done. Analysis of clinical results showed almost painless patients from early after the operation--especially no thigh pain. Average HHS after 2 years was 97. Radiological evaluation showed early and complete osteointegration of all components. According to Engh-Score they are stable and well fixed. CONCLUSION: HA coated macroporous implants provide some striking advantages, which encouraged us to continue with this system. By early and secure bony ingrowth a fibrous interface is avoided and thereby also long-lasting thigh pain.     

A randomized trial of hydroxyapatite coated prostheses in total hip arthroplasty

In a prospective randomized trial, 62 consecutive primary cementless total hip arthroplasties in 55 patients were performed by one surgeon using either hydroxyapatite coated (35 hips) or nonhydroxyapatite coated femoral prostheses (27 hips). The dual tapered femoral stem had a Ti-6AI-4V plasma sprayed circumferential proximal porous coat applied to the proximal 1/3 of the stem. The middle 1/3 had a roughened blasted textured surface, and the distal 1/3 had a smooth surface. The hydroxyapatite coated femoral stems had an additional hydroxyapatite coating applied to the proximal porous coat with use of an air plasma process. The patients in the two groups were not significantly different regarding age (48.2 +/- 9.0 years hydroxyapatite group, 50.4 +/- 8.7 years control group), gender, Charnley class, or length of followup (4.4 +/- 0.7 years hydroxyapatite group, 4.9 +/- 1.0 years control group). Forty-nine patients (54 hips) were available for clinical followup, and 45 patients (50 hips) had radiographic followup. A minimum 3-year followup was recorded. To date, there have been no femoral prostheses failures. No femoral implant has migrated or subsided. Radiographically, the hydroxyapatite coated stems showed trends toward increased distal stem related cortical hypertrophy, increased cancellous condensation and less endosteal cavitation. Two nonhydroxyapatite coated stems had distal endosteal cavitation, whereas no hydroxyapatite coated stems did. There were two cases of acetabular osteolysis (revision in one) and two cases of acetabular cup migration (nonrevised), all occurring in the control group. The overall revision rate was 4%. There was no difference in Harris hip scores at 6 months (80.6 +/- 13.0 points hydroxyapatite group, 83.8 +/- 12.4 points control group) or at last followup (85.6 +/- 15.4 points hydroxyapatite group, 89.7 +/- 13.4 control group). The Harris hip pain scores also were not significantly different at 6 months or at last followup. Multiple linear regression analysis controlling for age, gender, and length of followup revealed no significant predictors of Harris hip or pain scores. The results of this study at an average of 4.6 years do not indicate a significant clinical advantage to the use of hydroxyapatite coated femoral prostheses in primary cementless total hip arthroplasty when judged by the criteria of Harris hip scores and femoral stem survivorship.     

国产表面多孔解剖型全髋关节置换术的远期随访结果

目的 评估国产表面多孔解剖型全髋关节置换术的远期疗效.方法 1990年1月至1998年4月接受国产表面多孔解剖型全髋关节置换术的95例患者经电话核实、预约及直接去患者家中随访,同时在当地医院拍摄标准髋关节正侧位X线片.随访指标:依据Harris评分评价临床疗效,应用Gruen和DeLee & Chamley分区法对股骨柄和髋臼杯的正侧位X线影像进行分析.结果 50例失随访,16例死亡.29例(37髋)得到随访,随访时间11～17年,平均13.8年.随访时4例4髋已得到翻修,其余患者随访时Harris评分6～98分,平均70.3分;其中优7例10髋,良4例6髋,中5例7髋,差9例10髋,优良率48.5%.6髋(18.2%)需行翻修,主要原因为假体无菌性松动及移位.按照Harris评分标准,患者术髋无疼痛或轻度疼痛18例,中度以上疼痛6例(偶服比阿司匹林强的镇痛剂),病废1例(因疼痛被迫卧床,卧床也有剧痛).X线片显示股骨柄下沉9髋,平均下沉9.3mm;股骨柄周围出现透光带12髋;股骨柄周围骨溶解10髋;髋臼假体侧出现透光带13髋;假体多孔表面层有不同程度脱落2髋.结论 20世纪90年代应用的国产表面多孔解剖型全髋关节置换术可有效改善患者功能,但其远期疗效还有待进一步提高.假体无菌性松动是其最主要的远期并发症.     

非骨水泥型人工双极股骨头置换术后中期随访结果

目的 观察新一代的非骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换术的中期疗效。方法 用长入式非骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨颈骨折46例和股骨头无菌性坏死3例,随访时间平均4年(1年～6年1个月)。临床随访根据改良式Harris评分方法来比较效果的好坏。结果 术后获随访的33例患者Harris评分平均为97分,优良率97％。94％的患者无需止痛治疗,70％的患者患骸功能良好。40％的患者术后患侧下肢有明显肿胀,并伴发热。无一例髋关节脱位和假体周围再骨折。结论 非骨水泥型双极股骨头置换术术后早中期效果良好,固定牢靠。双极股骨头置换术手术简便,组织损伤少,可能是术后髋痛发生率很低的主要原因。     

A five‐year clinical and radiographic follow‐up of bipolar hip arthroplasty with insertion of a porous‐coated anatomic femoral component without cement

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of bipolar hip arthroplasty with a cementless porous‐coated anatomic femoral component. Methods: Fifty‐nine patients (86 hips) with a minimum 3.5‐year follow‐up were followed up for a mean of 5.2 years (from January 2005 to January 2007). Standard clinical evaluation utilizing the Harris hip score and radiographic evaluation based on the criteria of the Hip Society were used in this prospective study. Radiographic assessment included evaluation of calcar remodeling and pedestal formation. Results: The average age of the patients (24 men and 35 women) at the time of surgery was 71.4 years (range, 69–84 years). The average preoperative Harris hip score was 48.5 ± 4.0 (range, 25–65) points, pain score 15.2 ± 3.9 (range, 0–20) points and functional score 26.7 ± 4.6 (range, 9–40) points. At the time of the latest follow‐up, the average Harris hip score was 96.1 ± 2.1 (range, 67–100) points, pain score 42.6 ± 6.3 (range, 32–54) points and functional score 45.5 ± 4.7 (range, 29–56) points. Five hips (5.81%) had pain in the anterior part of the thigh. Two hips (2.33%) required revision of the femoral component because of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic fracture. Radiographic assessment revealed consistent evidence of proximal bone ingrowth. No completely radiolucent lines were identified, except around stems that had loosened. Twenty‐seven femoral components (31.4%) had associated slight pedestal formation. No osteolytic lesions of the femur were identified. Nonprogressive pelvic osteolysis was identified in four hips, none of the lesions being ≥2 mm in diameter. Conclusion: An anatomically designed prosthesis can provide good clinical results, with low incidence of thigh pain and loosening of the component.     

保留股骨颈全髋关节置换的手术体会

目的探讨保留股骨颈的全髋关节置换在临床应用中的手术体会。方法2002年1月至2007年2月,12例13侧因各种原因需行全髋关节置换者接受了保留股骨颈的全髋关节置换,采用Gibson切口,在头下位置将股骨头截断,保留完整的股骨颈。选择合适的外杯,55°外翻角装入。内杯为超高分子聚乙烯,超半径设计保持外翻45°。术前、术后及随访中对患者髋关节功能进行Harris评分,随访时摄X线片以了解假体的位置、松动情况及异位骨化。结果全部患者获得1～4年的随访,13侧人工髋关节临床效果良好。人工髋关节的活动及功能良好,髋关节的Harris评分由术前的平均50分提高到末次随访时的平均91分;影像学检查显示人工髋关节位置良好,假体无松动和下沉。结论保留股骨颈的全髋关节置换术对因各种原因需行全髋关节置换者,是一种良好的选择,主要适用于无骨质疏松且股骨颈完整者。     

Total hip arthroplasty with a collarless, tapered, fiber metal proximally coated femoral stem: minimum 5-year follow-up

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the midterm results, osteointegration potential, and implant-related complications of a cementless, collarless, proximally coated, distally tapered femoral hip prosthesis. The clinical and radiographic results for 129 hips in 116 patients after total hip arthroplasty with a Fiber Metal Taper (Zimmer, Inc ,Warsaw, Ind) femoral stem are reported. One hundred twenty-two (95%) hips were available for the minimum of 5 years clinical and radiographic follow-up. The mean duration of follow-up was 81 months (range, 60-104 months). The mean Harris hip score improved from 44 to 92 at the most recent follow-up. All femoral components were clinically stable with radiographic evidence of bone ingrowth. There has been no evidence of subsidence greater than 2 mm, no significant thigh pain, and no femoral revisions for any reason. Total hip arthroplasty with the Fiber Metal Taper stem demonstrates good clinical and radiographic results at midterm follow-up.     

全髋关节置换术在活动期髋关节结核治疗中的近期疗效观察

目的探讨在活动期髋关节结核治疗中行人工全髋关节置换术治疗的近期疗效。方法本组12例患者自2006年3月至2010年3月,年龄24～61岁,平均（42．5±1．0）岁。其中临床上均有疼痛,血沉偏高。其中3例有髋部皮肤窦道,手术时候皮肤完好。均采用髋关节前外侧入路行人工全髋关节置换术,8例获得随访,随访观察6～24个月,平均（8．0±0．5）月,Harris评分进行术后临床评定,x线检查观察假体周围有无松动,结核有无复发,评价本组患者的治疗效果。结果本组患者术后均无切口感染、神经血管损伤、假体脱位、松动和下肢深静脉血栓形成,无结核复发髋关节。术前Harris评分20—38分,平均（25．0±2．0）分;术后Harris评分59～90分,平均（76．4±0．4）分,手术前后Harris评分有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论在系统治疗结核基础上行人工全髋关节置换术,在活动期髋关节结核治疗中的近期疗效是可以肯定的,可明显改善髋关节的活动功能,缓解疼痛,提高患者的生活质量。     

Do pain referral patterns determine patient outcome after total hip arthroplasty?

Quality of life outcome and patient satisfaction after total hip arthroplasty are complex phenomena and many confounding determinants have been identified. Degenerative disease of the hip joint may present with variable patterns of pain referral in the lower limb. However the effect of varied preoperative pain referral patterns on patient outcome and satisfaction after total hip arthroplasty has not previously been examined. From 2000 to 2003, 236 eligible patients scheduled to undergo primary total hip arthroplasty were prospectively enrolled. The principal pain referral pattern (as hip, thigh or knee) was identified in all patients. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) was examined using the Harris Hip score (HHS), the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) pre-operatively, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively and with the HHS at 3 months postoperatively. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. The frequency of the pain referral distributions were; hip pain 41%, knee pain 32% and thigh pain 27%. Patients in all groups were comparable preoperatively with respect to age, HHS, and both mean and domain specific WOMAC and SF-36 scores. The mean duration of symptoms was significantly greater in patients with knee pain when compared to the remaining two pain patterns. All patients demonstrated improvements in HHS, SF-36 and WOMAC scores after surgery. At all times postoperatively there were significant differences in mean HHS and mean and domain specific WOMAC and SF-36 scores between patients with hip or thigh pain and those with knee pain (p < 0.001). While notable, differences between hip and thigh pain were not as consistent however. Based on these findings, it appears that pre-operative pain referral patterns of hip arthritis are among the determinant factors for patient outcome and satisfaction after total hip arthroplasty, as measured using validated HRQOL scoring systems.