Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Chinese Uigur ethnic group

We have already coamplified minimal haplotypes (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385I/II), two additional loci, namely, DYS438, DYS439, and Amelogenin, in a single PCR using the Y-PLEX 12 kit. We investigated 107 unrelated male individuals from the Uigur ethnic group and studied the allelic frequency distribution and haplotype diversity of 11 Y-chromosomal STRs. A number of 43 alleles (nine STR loci) and 27 phenotypes (including DYS385) were detected, with frequencies ranging from 0.0092 to 0.6296. A total of 103 haplotypes were identified, among which 99 were individual-specific and four haplotypes were found twice. The haplotype diversity for these 12 Y-STR loci was 0.9993.     

Haplotype frequencies of nine Y-chromosome STR loci in the Taiwanese Han population

Haplotype frequencies of nine Y-chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS385, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393) in the Taiwanese Han population were established. A total of 183 unrelated individuals produced 162 haplotypes, of which 146 were unique, 1 was found in 5 individuals, 2 were found in 3 individuals and 13 were found in 2 individuals. The haplotype diversity (99.99%) and discrimination capacity (88.5%) were calculated. A family study of 109 father/son pairs in 100 families showed 2 mutational events in the DYS389II locus and 1 in the DYS392 locus. Received: 20 February 2001 / Accepted: 15 May 2001     

Forensic evaluation and population data on the new Y-STRs DYS434, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439 and GATA A10

The Y-specific STR loci DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS434, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439 and GATA A10 were studied in a northern Portuguese population. Haplotype and allele frequencies of these 14 Y-chromosome STRs were estimated. In a sample of 212 individuals it was possible to define 196 different haplotypes of which 182 were found only once, 12 were found in 2 samples and the 2 most frequent haplotypes were shared by only 3 individuals. The observed haplotype diversity value was 0.9992. The usefulness of the inclusion of each of these new markers for forensic purposes is discussed by comparing expected and observed increases in haplotype diversity. When combining the new markers (DYS434, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439 and GATA A10) with the classical set (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393) a 0.68% increase in haplotype diversity was obtained and the number of different haplotypes rose from 157 to 196. When DYS434 was not considered the haplotype diversity was not affected. Received: 18 June 2001 / Accepted: 23 October 2001     

Genetic polymorphisms for 17 Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes in Chinese Hui population

We have co-amplified 17 Y-chromosomal STRs (including DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a,b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, and Y GATA H4) for samples of 143 unrelated male individuals of Chinese Hui Ethnic Minority Group. We obtained allelic frequency distribution and haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal STR for Hui population. A total of 136 different haplotypes were identified in 143 individuals, among which 129 were found only once, and seven haplotypes were found twice. The gene diversity values of STR loci ranged from 0.4161 (DYS391) to 0.9571 (DYS385a,b). The overall haplotype diversity for the 17 Y-STR loci was 0.9933, and the discrimination capacity was 0.9511.     

Y-chromosome STR haplotype profiling in the Mongolian population

Eleven Y-chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, two DYS385 loci and DXYS156Y) were analyzed in 92 randomly chosen males from Mongolia. Allelic frequencies and gene diversity for each Y-STR locus and haplotype diversity were determined to evaluate their usefulness in forensic casework. A total of 84 different haplotypes were identified, among which 77 (83.7%) were individual-specific. The most frequent haplotype surveyed here was found in three individuals (3.6%), of which the 'minimal haplotype' (excluding DYS388 and DXYS156Y) was not found in the worldwide Y-STR haplotype reference database (YHRD) available at .     

Genetic data analysis of 10 Y-STR loci in two ethnic groups of Asian ancestry (Gujarat and Guangdong-Fujian provinces) from Reunion Island (Indian Ocean)

One hundred and twenty-three unrelated individuals belonging to two ethnic groups (Shinwa and Zarab) of Asian ancestry from Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) were analyzed for 10 Y-STR loci. Haplotype diversity and frequencies were determined for loci DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and YCAIIa/b. The two ethnic groups do not share haplotypes, and a total of 98 distinct haplotypes were identified. Unique haplotypes were obtained for 49 Shinwa and 33 Zarab. Moreover, 52 of the identified distinct haplotypes revealed to have not been described to date.     

Genetic polymorphisms for 17 Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Jammu and Kashmir Saraswat Brahmin population

In this study 17 Y-chromosomal STRs (including DYS19, DYS389I, DS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and Y GATA H4) were analysed using blood samples of 122 unrelated male individuals belonging to Saraswat Brahmin community from Jammu (ID YP000599) and Kashmir (ID YP000600) region of J&K state of India. The allelic frequency distribution and haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal STR for both the populations were calculated. In the Kashmiri Saraswat group, a total of 109 haplotypes were identified in 122 individuals, of these haplotypes, 101 were found only once. The gene diversity values of STR loci ranged from 0.4813 (DYS391) to 0.8645 (DYS385a/b) for Jammu & Kashmiri Saraswat Brahmins.     

Y chromosome STR haplotypes in four populations from northwest Africa

The eight short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphic systems mapping on the male-specific region of the human Y chromosome, DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393, were typed in four populations from northwest (NW) Africa (Moroccan Arabs, southern Moroccan Berbers, Saharawis and Mozabites). Allele frequency distributions showed statistically significant differences for all loci among all the populations except for DYS19. Complete typing was obtained for 185 chromosomes, which showed 74 different haplotypes. The two most frequent haplotypes were found in 16.2% and 15.1% of the individuals, although the latter was almost exclusively found in the Mozabites. Locus and haplotype informativeness were measured by means of the gene diversity (D). The haplotype diversity ranged from 0.856 (Mozabites) to 0.967 (southern Moroccan Berbers). For some loci, allele frequencies in NW Africans were clearly different from those in Europeans. The most common NW African haplotype was found only in one individual out of a total of 494 Europeans typed for the whole STR set. Thus, NW African and European Y chromosomes are clearly differentiated.     

Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in a Bangladeshi population

Allele frequencies and haplotypes for 10 Y-chromosome STR loci, DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438 and DY439, were determined in 72 unrelated Bangladeshi males using Y-PLEX5 and Y-PLEX6 Amplification Kits. This population demonstrated 71 haplotypes, of which 70 were unique. The haplotype diversity calculated from the 10 Y-STR loci was 0.9996 and the discrimination capacity was 0.9861.     

Haplotype diversity of 17 Y-STR loci in a Chinese Han population sample from Shanxi Province,Northern China

The distribution of 17 Y-chromosome STR loci DYS456, DYS389I, DYS390, DYS389II, DYS458, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS393, DYS391, DYS439, DYS635, DYS392, Y-GATA-H4, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS448 haplotypes was determined in a population sample of 222 unrelated Chinese Han from Shanxi Province, Northern China. A total of 219 haplotypes were observed, and of these, 216 were unique, while 3 were found two times. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.9999 and the discrimination capacity was 0.9865, indicating a high potential for differentiating between male individuals in this population. Comparison analysis via Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and construction of MDS plot revealed that Shanxi Han sample clusters with Chinese origin populations and stands far apart of the non-Chinese populations, justifying the establishment of local databases in Shanxi Han population for any future forensic and genetic epidemiology efforts in this region.     

Haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs in Saraswat Brahmin Community of North India

In this study, 17 Y-specific STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and Y_GATA_H4) were analyzed in 181 unrelated male individuals from three North Indian states. A total of 157 different 17-loci haplotypes were identified, 145 of which were unique. The most frequent haplotype was detected in nine instances, occurring with a frequency of 4.97%. These results, including the haplotype data at 17 Y-STR loci in the present study, provide useful information for forensic practice in the Saraswat Brahmin population in North India.     

Genetic polymorphisms of 17 Y-STRs haplotypes in Chinese Han population residing in Shandong province of China

We have co-amplified (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a,b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, and Y GATA H4) in a single PCR using the AmpFLSTR Yfiler PCR Amplification system. Allelic frequency distribution and haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal STR from a sample of 131 unrelated individuals of Chinese Han population living in Shandong province of China were obtained. A total of 129 haplotypes were observed in the 131 individuals studied, of which 127 were unique and two were found in two individuals. The gene diversity values ranged from 0.3560 (DYS391) to 0.9675 (DYS385a,b), The overall haplotype diversity for the 17 Y-STR loci was 0.9998, and the discrimination capacity was 0.9695. These results are compared with those observed in worldwide populations at both the locus and the haplotype level.     

Genetic polymorphisms of 17 Y-STRs haplotypes in Tibetan ethnic minority group of China

Haplotypes and allele frequencies for the 17 Y-chromosomal STRs loci, namely DYS456, DYS389I, DYS390, DYS389II, DYS458, DYS19, DYS385a,b, DYS393, DYS391, DYS439, DYS635, DYS392, Y GATA H4, DYS437, DYS438, DYS448 were determined in a population sample of 112 healthy unrelated autochthonous Tibetan ethnic male individuals from Tibet of China. No shared haplotypes were observed. The gene diversity values for the Y-STRs loci ranged from 0.2052(DYS391) to 0.9301(DYS385a,b). The results demonstrate that these loci will be very useful for human identification in forensic cases and paternity tests in Tibetan population of China.     

Polymorphisms of six Y-chromosome STRs in a Chinese population

The polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci of six Y-chromosome markers were investigated in 112 unrelated Chinese males using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allele and haplotype frequencies for the Y-specific STR loci DYS19, DYS385, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391 and DYS393 were analyzed by the Y-PLEX 6 Kit. The commonest allele for each locus was: DYS19, allele 15; DYS385, allele 12; DYS389II, allele 28; DYS390, allele 23; DYS391, 10; and DYS393, allele 12. Gene diversity value was calculated from the allelic frequency for each locus. The DYS385 locus proved to be highly polymorphic (0.890), DYS391 showed the lowest value (0.489), and the other loci showed values ranging from 0.646 to 0.897. A total of 99 haplotypes were observed in six Y-specific STR loci, the haplotype diversity was raised to 0.999. The results revealed that a set of six Y-specific STR loci were able to discriminate most of the male individuals in the Chinese population.     

Analysis of seventeen Y-chromosome STR loci in the Cape Muslim population of South Africa

Two Y-STR genotyping systems were evaluated for usefulness in forensic casework in the Cape Muslim population of South Africa. Samples were collected from 105 males, and genotyped for 17 loci amplified in two multiplexes. Allele and haplotype frequencies were determined for nine Y-STR loci used to define the minimal haplotype (DYS19, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and the duplicated locus DYS385) amplified in one multiplex, as well as for eight widely used loci amplified in a second multiplex and consisting of DYS449, DYS481, DYS518, DYS557, DYS570, DYS607, DYS612 and DYS614. When analysing the samples for all the loci, 104 unique haplotypes were obtained, and the discrimination capacity was 0.990. When considering only the nine Y-STRs included in the minimal haplotype, 91 unique haplotypes were obtained, and the discrimination capacity was 0.866. In the case of the remaining eight Y-STR loci, values of 97 and 0.924 were obtained, respectively.     

17 Y-STR haplotype data for a population sample of Residents in the Basque Country

Non autochthonous population is the most numerous group in the Basque Country. This group is named "Residents" to distinguish them from the "Autochthonous Basque" population. In this work, the 17 Y-STR loci distribution of Resident population was studied in a sample of 197 individuals, who were concretely genotyped for DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS439, DYS438, DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and Y GATA H4. Resident population showed a high haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity. The distribution of Y-STRs haplotypes of the Resident population was statistically significant different to the one of the Autochthonous Basque population. The genetic substructure found between Resident and Autochthonous Basque 17 Y-STR haplotype distributions advises for the use of two different databases in the Basque Country, to ensure the most trustworthy frequency estimate in casework.     

Population genetic data for 17 Y STR markers from Benghazi (East Libya)

The seventeen Y-STR loci included in the AmpF?STR^® Yfiler? PCR Amplification kit (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS438, DYS439, DYS437, DYS448, DYS458, DYS456, DYS635, and Y-GATA-H4) were used to type a sample population of 238 males from eastern Libya (Benghazi region). Of 238 observed haplotypes, 214 were unique (90%) and 24 (10%) were found more than once. The 17 loci gave a discriminating power of 0.999. DYS458 showed the highest diversity as a single-locus marker (0.73). Allelic frequencies and gene diversities for each Y-STR locus were determined. The high haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity (0.996) demonstrate the utility of these loci for human identification in forensic applications. Comparative analysis with Y-STR datasets of relevant populations and submission of the haplotypes to the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) was undertaken.     

Polish population study on Y chromosome haplotypes defined by 18 STR loci

Polymorphism of 18 STR loci specific to the human Y chromosome (DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS426, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, GATA H4.1, DYS385 a/b, and YCAII a/b) was evaluated by means of a multiplex (octadecaplex) PCR reaction and capillary electrophoresis in a Polish population sample of 208 unrelated males. A total of 192 different haplotypes and 183 unique haplotypes were identified. The observed haplotype diversity was 0.998, while discrimination capacity was 92.3%. DYS389 was shown to be the most valuable in discrimination of similar haplotypes, whereas DYS388, DYS393, DYS426, and DYS438 did not affect the discrimination power of the multiplex.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at .     

Genetic analysis of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group

We have co-amplified and analyzed 17 Y-chromosomal STRs loci (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, DYS439, DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, YGATA-H4 and DYS385a/b) in 132 healthy unrelated autochthonous male individuals of Chinese Tibetan ethnic group residing in Lassa area of China. The gene diversity values for the Y-STRs loci ranged from a minimum 0.206 for DYS391 locus to a maximum of 0.912 for DYS385a/b locus in the populations. A total of 123 haplotypes were identified, among which 115 were unique and 8 occurred more than once. The overall haplotype diversity for 17 Y-STRs loci was 0.998. Research results will be valuable for forensic use in the regions and for Chinese population genetic study.     

Population study of eight novel Y-chromosome STRs (DYS460, DYS461, GATA-A10, GATA-C4, GATA-H4, DYS434, DYS437, DYS439) in a southeast Iberian population: looking for highly informative Y-chromosome haplotypes

The present study analyses 8 recently described tetranucleotide microsatellites (DYS460, DYS461, GATA-A10, GATA-C4, GATA-H4, DYS434, DYS437, DYS439) in southeast Spain and out of a total of 76 individuals 67 showed different haplotypes. Out of the 67 different haplotypes, 63 were present once, 3 were found 2 times, and 1 was found 7 times (9.21%). By combining the allelic states of the present eight Y-chromosome STRs with those previously carried out on the same individuals, highly informative haplotypes could be obtained. The haplotype diversity using the basic set of Y-STRs (DYS19, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385 and DYX156Y) previously analyzed is 0.9844. For the same individuals, this value using the new set of Y-STRs is slightly lower (0.8949), while the haplotype diversity combining the two sets of primers significantly increase to 0.9868. The results obtained in the present work show the usefulness of these microsatellites for individual identification and paternity testing in forensic genetics.