情绪问卷中文版用于中学生的信度和效度研究

目的:考察情绪问卷中文版的信度和效度.方法:采用分层抽样法,从4所中学选取2592名中学生,进行情绪问卷的信度和效度分析.随机抽取30名中学生间隔4周重测,评定重测信度.结果:情绪问卷中文版的Cronbachα系数为0.93.分半相关系数为0.90.重测信度为0.84.情绪问卷中文版各因子及总分与儿童抑郁障碍自评量表总分的相关系数分别为0.95、0.91、0.88、0.86、0.36、0.84;与儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表总分的相关系数为0.79.主成分分析共提取5个因子,解释变异量的48.8%.验证性因素分析的拟合指标χ2/df、RMSEA、GFI、AGFI、NNFI、CFI分别为:4.59、0.05、0.91、0.89、0.97、0.97.结论:情绪问卷的信度、效度均较理想,符合心理计量学要求,可以满足今后国内有关研究和临床应用的需要.     

贝克抑郁量表第2版中文版在大一学生中的试用

目的:评估贝克抑郁量表第2版(BDI-Ⅱ)中文版在我国大一学生中的信度和效度.方法:972名大一学生完成BDI-Ⅱ中文版和流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)的测试,并随机抽取65名大学生1周后完成BDI-Ⅱ的重测.结果:BDI-Ⅱ中文版的Cronbach α系数为0.85,各条目间的相关系数在0.08～0.39之间,各条目与BDI-Ⅱ总分的相关系数在0.34～0.57之间,重测相关系数为0.73(Ps＜0.05);BDI-Ⅱ总分与CES-D总分呈正相关(r=0.70,P＜0.01).认知-情感和躯体症状2因子结构模型的验证性因素分析各指标为IFI=0.967 、CFI=0.967、x2/df=3.820、RMSEA=0.054.结论:贝克抑郁量表第2版中文版在大一学生中具有良好的信度和效度,能够作为我国大一学生抑郁症状筛查的自评工具.     

青少年侵害问卷中文自评版用于中学生的信度和效度

目的:考察青少年侵害问卷(Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire,JVQ)自评版的信度和效度.方法:分层整群抽取山东省临沂市沂水县6所普通中学初一至高三的学生2419人进行JVQ问卷测评,以儿童焦虑性情绪筛查表(SCARED)和儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)为效标关联效度评价指标,随机抽取初中和高中各1个班的学生99人间隔4周重测,评定重测信度.结果:青少年侵害问卷中文自评版的维度结构与原问卷维度结构基本一致,问卷与SCARED和DSRSC的相关系数分别为0.33和0.23(P＜0.01),问卷总分与维度分的相关系数为0.34～0.78,各维度分间的相关系数为0.11～0.39,多重侵害组总分及各维度分均显著高于非多重侵害组(t=-6.64～-48.34,P＜0.01).JVQ中文自评版的Cronbach α系数为0.75,重测信度为0.82.65.94%中学生至少存在一种侵害类型,男生在一般侵害、同伴欺负、目击暴力和问卷总分上显著高于女生(均P＜0.01),初中生在一般侵害、儿童虐待、同伴欺负和问卷总分上得分显著高于高中生(P＜0.01),高中生目击暴力得分显著高于初中生(P＜0.05).结论:青少年侵害问卷中文自评版在本研究中具有较好的信度和效度.     

少儿述情障碍问卷中文版的信、效度

目的:建立少儿述情障碍问卷(AQC)中文版,并分析其信、效度.方法:整群抽取长沙市某中学584名初中生,要求其完成了由原多伦多述情障碍20条目量表(TAS-20)修订而成的少儿述情障碍问卷,和用于考察该问卷实证效度的流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D).随机抽取其中的54人于两周后重测AQC.采用信度分析、相关分析、验证性因素分析考察量表的信效度.结果:少儿述情障碍问卷中文版的Cronbach α系数为0.75,重测信度为0.84,总分与各因子的相关系数在0.68～0.82 之间,各因子间的相关系数在0.23～0.52之间,条目对因子负荷系数在0.12～0.73之间;验证性因素分析的指标:GFI=0.949、NFI =0.870、CFI =0.918、TLI =0.902、χ2/df=1.850、REMEA =0.038;AQC总分与流调中心用抑郁量表总分的相关为0.56(P＜0.01);可能抑郁组的述情障碍总分及各因子分均高于非抑郁组[如,总分:(15.5±5.83)vs(9.72±4.34),P＜0.01].结论:少儿述情障碍中文版在本研究初中生中具有良好的信度和效度.     

抑郁体验问卷中文版在640名大学生中的信效度检验及两种评分系统比较

目的:利用国际上通用的两种评分系统分别考查抑郁体验问卷中文版(DEQ-C)的信度和效度,确立该问卷在我国的适用性.方法:640名大学生完成了DEQ-C的评定,分别采用了因素权重法和条目权重法进行评分.探索DEQ-C的内部一致性信度、重测信度、因素结构、区分效度和内容效度.结果:因素权重法评分:α系数男性为0.65～0.77,女性为0.68～0.72;重测信度系数男性为0.59～0.64,女性为0.58～0.75.条目权重法评分:α系数男性为0.73～0.85,女性为0.69～0.85;重测信度系数男性为0.55～0.80,女性为0.67～0.73.探索性因素分析获得了与原问卷相似的三因素结构,前三个因子解释的方差在男性为14.5%、6.9%和5.5%,总和为26.9%;女性为13.5%、6.9%和6.1%,总和为25.5%;各分量表之间的相关性研究提示,因素权重评分法符合原问卷的理论构想,即依赖性和自我批评性是两个独立的人格维度,而条目权重法则失去这个特点;采用两种评分方法均显示了良好的效标效度:其中依赖性与CES-D及心境和焦虑症状问卷(MASQ)的相关系数分别为0.38、0.43(P＜0.01)和0.34、0.36(P＜0.01);自我批评性与CES-D及MASQ的相关系数分别为0.59、0.63(P＜0.01)和0.57、0.63(P＜0.01).结论:DEQ的中文翻译版有良好的信度和效度,其中,因素权重评分法更适用于中国大学生样本.     

DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表中文版的初步修订

目的:研究DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表(DSM-5 Level 2-Anxiety-Child Age 11-17)中文版的效度和信度。方法:使用DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表中文版、Spence儿童焦虑量表(SCAS)和儿童抑郁量表(CDI)对四川省某市1013名中学生[男生322名,女生690名,性别缺失1名,平均年龄(15±1)岁]进行施测,并选取43名被试1个月后进行DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表的重测。结果:探索性因素分析表明其存在"一般性焦虑"和"情境性焦虑"2个因子;DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表总分与SCAS、CDI得分均呈正相关(r=0.65、0.56,均P0.01)。DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表中文版的内部一致性系数为0.90,2个因子的α系数分别为0.89、0.73。各条目与总分的相关系数为0.54～0.78,各因子与总分的相关系数分别为0.90、0.83(均P0.01)。总量表重测信度为0.78,2个因子的重测相关系数分别为0.63、0.67;结论:DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表中文版具有良好的信效度。     

中文版数据囤积行为问卷测评大学生群体的信度与效度

目的:修订中文版数据囤积行为问卷并在中国大学生群体中检验其信效度。方法:采用数据囤积行为问卷、大学生现实囤积行为量表、强迫症状量表及短式抑郁-焦虑-压力量表共对1136名大学生进行施测,4周后对其中的90名大学生进行重测。结果:①验证性因素分析发现,中文版数据囤积行为问卷的两因素模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=3.97, GFI=0.95, CFI=0.96, TLI=0.95, IFI=0.96, NFI=0.96, RFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.08);②中文版数据囤积行为问卷与大学生现实囤积行为量表、强迫症状量表及短式抑郁-焦虑-压力量表均呈显著的正相关(r=0.37～0.61, P0.01),其组合信度在0.78～0.93之间,平均方差抽取量在0.54～0.65之间;③信度检验发现,中文版数据囤积行为问卷的Cronbach’sα系数在0.80～0.92之间;分半信度在0.67～0.91之间;重测信度在0.77～0.82(P0.01)之间。结论:中文版数据囤积行为问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为科学的研究工具使用。     

青少年网络成瘾预测问卷初步编制及信效度检验

目的编制简单有效的青少年网络成瘾预测问卷(IAPT).方法对2620名中学生(男1319,女1301,年龄15.1±1.7岁)用网络成瘾测验(IAT)分成网络成瘾及成瘾倾向组(IA)和对照组,从长处与困难问卷(SDQ),艾森克人格问卷儿童版(EPQ)、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)、自尊量表(SES)、青少年时间管理倾向量表(ATMD)中找出两组得分有显著差异(P＜0.01)的项目构成条目库,一致化、合并、删减形成问卷初稿.抽取1363名中学生(男709,女654,年龄13.7±1.0岁)施测,对问卷初稿进一步精简并信效度检验.结果IAPT五因子模型(神经质、焦虑、时间管理、自尊、行为问题)共56条目,有较好的结构效度(df/n=2.5,NFI=0.84,NNFI=0.88,RMSEA=0.046);Cronbach α系数0.72,间隔6个月重测信度0.61;问卷及各因子得分与预测目标的相关系数0.35-0.60,P＜0.001;问卷及各因子在I-AT组与对照组得分有显著差异(t=6.8-13.2,P＜0.001;Cohen's d=0.51-1.15＞0.5);IAPT划界分39分时,Youden指数出现最大值0.62,此时真阳性率(TPF)0.83,假阳性率(FPE)0.21,正确率0.80.结论IAPT有较好的信效度,可用于青少年网络成瘾预测.     

中文版长处和困难量表(自评版)在832例青少年中的试用

目的:建立长处和困难量表(自评版)(self-report SDQ)中文版,并分析其信、效度.方法:832名青少年完成了SDQ自评问卷,分析量表的内部一致性和重测信度、条目间平均相关系数、效标效度、进行验证性因子分析,并与英文版英国常模进行比较.结果:SDQ自评问卷的全量表Cronbach's α系数为0.81;各因子α系数在0.48～0.88之间;重测信度为0.72;5个分量表的条目与相应的因子分相关系数在0.47到0.75之间;SDQ困难总分及各分量表得分与相应的YSR总分及分量表得分有中到高度相关.验证性因子分析的各个拟合指数均符合测量学标准.中国青少年样本在情绪问题、多动/注意障碍及亲社会行为分量表上得分均低于英国常模,在同伴关系问题分量表上得分高于英国常模.结论:中文版SDQ自评问卷具有良好的信、效度,可以试用于我国青少年常见心理问题的筛查.     

古德琼森受暗示性量表-1中文版的信效度研究

目的:建立古德琼森受暗示性量表-1(Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale-1,GSS-1)的中文版,并分析其信度和效度.方法:311名大学生完成了GSS-1中文版,分析量表的内部一致性、评价者一致性、重测信度、条目与因子的相关等信度,分析量表的结构效度、因子间相关、效标效度等,并与英国成人常模进行了比较.结果:GSS-1中文版的Cronbach’sα系数在0.68～0.86之间;评价者一致性信度系数在0.75～0.99之间;重测信度在0.20～0.90之间;条目与因子的相关系数在0.26～0.68之间;条目的因子负荷在0.11～0.70之间,验证性因子分析指标:REMEA=0.019,NNFI=0.949,CFI=0.952,均符合测量学要求;因子得分相关系数在0.14～0.81之间;受暗示性各因子得分与即刻回忆和延迟回忆成绩都呈显著负相关(P＜0.01);与英国成人常模比较,中国大学生样本报告了更高暗示感受性得分(P＜0.01)和更低的记忆成绩(P＜0.01).结论:GSS-1中文版具有良好的信度和效度,可以在中国文化背景下使用.     

Pain and Effusion and Quadriceps Activation and Strength

Context:

Quadriceps dysfunction is a common consequence of knee joint injury and disease, yet its causes remain elusive.

Objective:

To determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Fourteen (8 men, 6 women; age = 23.6 ± 4.8 years, height = 170.3 ± 9.16 cm, mass = 72.9 ± 11.84 kg) healthy volunteers.

Intervention(s):

All participants were tested under 4 randomized conditions: normal knee, effused knee, painful knee, and effused and painful knee.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Quadriceps strength (Nm/kg) and activation (central activation ratio) were assessed after each condition was induced.

Results:

Quadriceps strength and activation were highest under the normal knee condition and differed from the 3 experimental knee conditions (P < .05). No differences were noted among the 3 experimental knee conditions for either variable (P > .05).

Conclusions:

Both pain and effusion led to quadriceps dysfunction, but the interaction of the 2 stimuli did not increase the magnitude of the strength or activation deficits. Therefore, pain and effusion can be considered equally potent in eliciting quadriceps inhibition. Given that pain and effusion accompany numerous knee conditions, the prevalence of quadriceps dysfunction is likely high.Key Words: arthrogenic muscle inhibition, central activation failure, voluntary activation, muscles

Key Points

• Knee pain and effusion resulted in arthrogenic muscle inhibition and weakness of the quadriceps.
• The simultaneous presence of pain and effusion did not increase the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.
• To reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition and improve muscle strength, clinicians should employ interventions that target removing both pain and effusion.

Quadriceps weakness is a common consequence of traumatic knee joint injury^1,2 and chronic degenerative knee joint conditions.^3,4 Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), a neurologic decline in muscle activation, results in quadriceps weakness and hinders rehabilitation by preventing gains in strength.⁵ The inability to reverse AMI and restore muscle function can lead to decreased physical abilities,⁶ biomechanical deficits,⁷ and possibly reinjury.⁵ Furthermore, researchers^8,9 have suggested that quadriceps weakness resulting from AMI may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis in the knee. In light of the substantial influence of quadriceps AMI on these clinically relevant outcomes, we need to improve our understanding of the factors that contribute to this neurologic decline in muscle activity so efforts to target and reverse it can be implemented and gains in strength can be achieved more easily.Joint injury and disease are accompanied by numerous sequelae (ie, pain, swelling, tissue damage, inflammation), so ascertaining which one ultimately leads to neurologic muscle dysfunction is difficult. Whereas a joint effusion can result in AMI,^10–12 the effects of pain are less understood despite many clinicians attributing AMI to pain. Using techniques that introduce knee pain without accompanying injury may provide insights into the role of pain in eliciting AMI.The degree of knee joint damage may play a role in the quantity of AMI that manifests. Hurley et al^13,14 demonstrated that quadriceps AMI, measured using an interpolated-twitch technique, was greater in patients with extensive traumatic knee injury (eg, fractured tibial plateau, ruptured medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscectomy) than patients with isolated joint trauma (ie, isolated anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] rupture). Similarly, patients with more knee joint symptoms (ie, greater number of symptoms and increased severity of symptoms) may present with greater magnitudes of quadriceps inhibition. Recently, investigators¹⁵ have suggested that patients with more pain display less quadriceps strength, supporting this tenet. Given that effusion and pain often present simultaneously with joint injuries and diseases, such as ACL injury and osteoarthritis, examining both the isolated and cumulative effects of these sequelae appears warranted to determine if they influence the magnitude of muscle inhibition.Experimental joint-effusion and pain models are safe and effective experimental methods that allow for the isolated examination of their effects on muscle function. The effusion model, whereby sterile saline is injected directly into the knee joint capsule,⁷ produces a clinically relevant magnitude of the joint effusion that may be present with traumatic injury. Effusion is thought to activate group II afferents responding to stretch or pressure,^16–18 which in turn may facilitate group Ib interneurons and result in quadriceps AMI.⁵ The pain model involves injecting hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad to produce anteromedial knee pain similar to that described in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.¹⁹ Pain is considered to initiate AMI through activation of group III and IV afferents that act as nocioceptors to signal damage or potential damage to joint structures.^16–18 The firing of these afferents then may lead to facilitation of group Ib interneurons, the flexion reflex, or the gamma loop, ultimately resulting in quadriceps inhibition.²⁰ Thus, these models allow us to create symptoms that are associated with knee injury and have the added benefit of providing a way to examine their effects in isolation.Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion would affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction. We hypothesized that pain alone would result in quadriceps inhibition and that the magnitude of inhibition would be greater when effusion and pain were present simultaneously.     

即早基因c-fos与脑血管病及学习记忆

即早基因c-fos是广泛存在于原核细胞和真核细胞的高度保守基因.在正常情况下,c-fos基因参与细胞生长、分化、信息传递、学习和记忆等生理过程,而在病理情况下c-fos基因表达及调控变化与多种疾病的发生和发展有关.C-fos在中枢神经系统的某些部位可有基础水平的表达,但表达很低,当受到如脑缺血、脑出血、痫性发作、应激等刺激后,其在数十分钟内做出反应,在对外界刺激-转录耦联的信忠传递过程中起着核内第三信使的重要作用.     

Opportunities and challenges in the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases: children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the role of behavioral research in disease prevention and control, with a particular emphasis on lifestyle- and behavior-related cancer and chronic disease risk factors--specifically, relationships among diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity with adult cancer, and tracking developmental origins of these health-promoting and health-compromising behaviors from childhood into adulthood. METHOD: After reviewing the background of the field of cancer prevention and control and establishing plausibility for the role of child health behavior in adult cancer risk, studies selected from the pediatric published literature are reviewed. Articles were retrieved, selected, and summarized to illustrate that results from separate but related fields of study are combinable to yield insights into the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases in adulthood through the conduct of nonintervention and intervention research with children in clinical, public health, and other contexts. RESULTS: As illustrated by the evidence presented in this review, there are numerous reasons (biological, psychological, and social), opportunities (school and community, health care, and family settings), and approaches (nonintervention and intervention) to understand and impact behavior change in children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Further development and evaluation of behavioral science intervention protocols conducted with children are necessary to understand the efficacy of these approaches and their public health impact on proximal and distal cancer, cancer-related, and chronic disease outcomes before diffusion. It is clear that more attention should be paid to early life and early developmental phases in cancer prevention.