颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后64排CTA检查的应用

目的探讨64排螺旋CT血管造影在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后检查中的应用价值,并探讨夹闭不全和载瘤动脉闭塞的原因,为动脉瘤夹闭手术提供参考。方法回顾性分析114例颅内动脉瘤患者(132个动脉瘤)夹闭术后的64排螺旋CTA检查资料,并用多平面重组、最大密度投影和容积再现图像后处理技术评价瘤夹位置、瘤颈是否残留和载瘤动脉的开放情况。结果 114例患者的132个动脉瘤中,所有瘤夹显示清晰。检出1例患者(1个动脉瘤)夹闭不完全,1例患者(1个动脉瘤)载瘤动脉局部闭塞,全部经临床后续治疗及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查证实。结论 64排螺旋CTA对于颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后的评价具有很高的准确性和临床应用价值,可作为颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后的首选影像检查。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像在脑动脉瘤术前评价中的临床应用

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像在脑动脉瘤术前评价中的临床应用价值。方法：对52例患者行64层螺旋CT血管成像检查。运用容积再现、最大密度投影及多平面重组评价动脉瘤的大小、形态和位置。结果：52例患者共发现动脉瘤59个,其中6例患者为多发;后交通动脉瘤31个,前交通动脉瘤16个,基底动脉瘤9个,前动脉动脉瘤3个。59个动脉瘤呈囊状41个,梭形5个,不规则形13个。动脉瘤平均直径为7.2 mm,瘤体大小平均为6.5 mm,瘤颈平均宽度为4.1 mm。29例患者伴有蛛网膜下腔出血。结论：64层螺旋CT血管成像能能准确提供关于脑动脉瘤的信息,指导外科手术夹闭及栓塞治疗,降低治疗风险,提高治疗成功率。     

16层螺旋CT小视野血管容积成像对脑动脉瘤的诊断研究

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT小视野血管容积成像技术的应用及其对脑动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法 应用16层螺旋CT小视野血管容积成像技术对50例临床怀疑为脑动脉瘤的患者行CT脑血管造影(CTA)检查,并与数字减影血管造影术(DSA)对照,前瞻性分析16层螺旋CT小视野血管容积成像技术对脑动脉瘤的诊断准确度及灵敏度.结果 CTA检查50例患者,检出43例脑动脉瘤,共46个病灶,采用16层螺旋CT小视野血管容积成像技术能清晰显示瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉与周围血管及颅骨的关系以及病灶与颅骨结构间的关系;50例患者中DSA检查最后确诊为脑动脉瘤42例,共45个病灶,其中3例为多发(2个病灶),有8例结果为阴性,其中7例与CTA结果相符.16层螺旋CT小视野血管容积成像技术在显示脑动脉瘤的形态特征及其与周围结构关系方面明显优于DSA,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 16层螺旋CT小视野血管容积成像技术诊断脑动脉瘤灵敏度高,在显示脑动脉瘤形态特征及其与周围结构关系方面优于DSA.     

颅内前循环动脉瘤夹闭术中内镜辅助探查夹闭效果28例效果分析

目的:通过对既往临床资料的回顾,探讨神经内镜在颅内前循环动脉瘤夹闭术中的应用,分析其优缺点。方法:回顾性分析28例患者32个动脉瘤的夹闭术,所有夹闭术中均应用神经内镜进行观察并辅助夹闭,包括动脉瘤夹闭前的探查,实时夹闭中辅助观察以及夹闭后的效果评价。结果:资料中所有患者均通过内镜观察瘤周局部解剖结构,在其辅助下,所有动脉瘤均完全夹闭,患者术后复查DSA或CTA显示动脉瘤夹闭状态良好,术后1个月、3个月及6个月随访,所有患者改良Rinkin评分:0分21例,1分5例,2分2例。结论:尽管应用内镜观察可以有效辅助动脉瘤夹闭并评价夹闭效果以及辨别术野里复杂的血管解剖,但它应用也有门槛,术者需要经过专业的内镜操作训练。     

三维DSA在颅内动脉瘤的诊断与治疗中的应用

目的:通过三维DSA的临床应用,探讨其在颅内动脉瘤的诊断与颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗中意义。方法:收集36例蛛网膜下腔出血患者行三维DSA检查并全部行血管内介入治疗。结果:36例患者中发现39个颅内动脉瘤,其中2例为颅内多发动脉瘤6个,4个微小动脉瘤,1例为脑动脉血管扭曲畸形;三维DSA显示微小动脉瘤的结构及小动脉血管间关系较常规DSA明显优越,所有血管三维重建的图像均能清晰的显示动脉瘤瘤体、瘤颈形态及载瘤动脉关系。39个动脉瘤全部行动脉介入栓塞治疗,栓塞程度0级33个,1级6个。结论:三维DSA对于颅内动脉瘤的诊出率及动脉瘤瘤体、瘤颈结构形态及载瘤动脉关系,动脉瘤与邻近血管关系显示的清晰度较常规DSA明显提高,同时也大大提高了血管介入栓塞技术的治疗水平。     

颞下入路显微手术直接夹闭大脑后动脉P2后段动脉瘤

目的回顾分析2例P2后段大脑后动脉瘤直接近端夹闭载瘤动脉手术,探讨P2后段大脑后动脉瘤显微手术治疗效果。方法本组2例患者均行头颅CT、MR及CTA检查,其中1例行MRA,另1例行DSA检查,诊断明确。手术采用颞下入路近端夹闭载瘤动脉。结果 2例患者均成功夹闭载瘤动脉。术后CT及CTA复查示动脉瘤消失,无脑缺血表现。结论经颞下入路直接夹闭载瘤动脉是治疗大脑后动脉P2后段动脉瘤安全、有效的显微手术。     

显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤手术时机、手术技巧对术后疗效的影响.方法 128例首诊经CT、全脑教.字减影血管造影(DSA)和(或)CT血管成像(CTA)确诊为颅内动脉瘤的患者,力争在72 h内经翼点入路开颅行显微手术夹闭动脉瘤.结果 128例中,116例全愈出院,2例死亡,10例术后放弃治疗出院(失访).术后随访6个月～3年,恢复良好101例,轻度残疾、但生活能自理12例,中重度残疾、生活不能自理3例.结论 颅内动脉瘤破裂引起急性蛛网膜下腔出血,经CT、DSA和(或)CTA确诊后应争取早期手术,CTA和术中多普勒超声等无创检查措施能为手术提供帮助.     

双平板DSA三维血管成像在脑动脉瘤中的应用

目的:探讨双平板DSA三维血管成像技术在脑动脉瘤中的应用价值。方法:对33例可疑脑动脉瘤的患者先行常规正、侧位脑血管DSA造影检查,再实施三维血管成像技术。结果:在33例可疑脑动脉瘤的患者中,检出动脉瘤23例,动静脉畸形6例,海绵状血管瘤3例,脑出血1例。结论:三维血管成像技术能够清晰显示脑动脉血管解剖结构,病变处动脉血管的起源、分布、长度、数目、轮廓,以及动脉瘤瘘口位置、动脉瘤的大小形态及瘤体载瘤动脉关系[1],畸形血管的数目、走行及血液动力学关系,为脑动脉血管病变的影像学诊断和手术计划制定提供了可靠的依据。     

三维CT血管造影联合三维数字减影血管造影在颅内动脉瘤的临床应用研究

目的：研究联合应用三维CT血管造影(CTA)及三维数字减影血管造影(DSA)在颅内动脉瘤的诊断及治疗中的临床应用价值。方法：将27例高度怀疑颅内动脉瘤患者的三维CTA及三维DSA检查结果与外科手术治疗的最终结果进行对比,评价三维CTA及三维DSA在动脉瘤的检出率、三维形态与空间关系的显示能力。探讨联合应用三维CTA及三维DSA在颅内动脉瘤的诊断及治疗价值。结果：在27例疑似患者中有25例经外科手术治疗证实为动脉瘤,发现动脉瘤28个。三维CTA及三维DSA动脉瘤检出率上差异无统计学意义(x2=0.037,P＞0.05)。三维CTA对检出的动脉瘤可准确清楚地显示其三维形态及与周围颅骨的空间关系,三维DSA对颅内动脉瘤和动脉瘤的瘤颈、瘤体及动脉瘤与载瘤动脉关系显示清楚、准确。结论：在颅内动脉瘤影像学诊断上,三维CTA和三维DSA各有优势,两种检查方法互补可提高动脉瘤的检出率。联合应用三维CTA及三维DSA可为手术设计提供参考依据。     

双能量脑动脉CT血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断中的应用

目的 探讨双能量脑动脉CT血管造影（CTA）在脑动脉瘤诊断中的价值.方法 以数字减影血管造影（DSA）结果为金标准,回顾性分析30例经DSA证实为脑动脉瘤患者的双能量脑动脉CTA影像学特点,比较双能量脑动脉CTA和DSA检查对脑动脉瘤诊断准确性.结果 双能量脑动脉CTA能较好地显示脑动脉瘤的直接征象,对颈内动脉虹吸段的动脉瘤征象显示优于常规脑动脉CTA扫描.对瘤体及瘤颈的测量与DSA有较高的一致性,两种方法比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.双能量脑动脉CTA辐射剂量为19.1～25.4（21.7±0.5） mSv.结论 双能量脑动脉CTA能够清晰显示脑动脉瘤的瘤体大小及瘤颈,对脑动脉瘤的诊断有较高的临床应用价值.     

夹闭术与血管内治疗破裂性宽颈动脉瘤并发症、复发率及Rankin评分的比较

目的比较夹闭术与血管内治疗破裂性宽颈动脉瘤并发症、复发率及Rankin评分,探讨两种治疗方法的疗效。方法将2006年5月～2011年5月经脑血管造影和3D血管成像分析确诊为破裂性宽颈动脉瘤的84例患者按照随机数字表法随机分为两组,每组42例,分别采用动脉瘤夹闭术和血管内治疗。对两组患者进行随访,比较两组患者复发率、并发症发生率,术后1、6个月行改良Rankin评分。结果夹闭术组8例术中动脉瘤破裂,12例术后出现不同程度的脑缺血症状和神经系统并发症,1例术后复发;血管内治疗组1例术后动脉瘤破裂,4例术后出现不同程度的脑缺血症状和神经系统并发症,6例术后复发;血管内治疗组较夹闭术组并发症少,但术后复发率高。夹闭术组和血管内治疗组改良Rankin评分术后1个月分别为(3.0±0.6)、(2.6±0.3)分(P﹥0.05),术后6个月分别为(2.2±0.4)、(1.0±0.1)(P﹤0.05)。结论血管内治疗和夹闭术治疗破裂性宽颈动脉瘤各有优势,但血管内治疗患者术后生存质量相对较高。     

Surgical treatment for a ruptured true posterior communicating artery aneurysm arising on the fetal-type posterior communicating artery--two case reports and review of the literature

Only a small number of aneurysms arising on the posterior communicating artery itself (true Pcom aneurysm) have been reported. We report two cases of ruptured true Pcom aneurysms with some characteristic features of true Pcom aneurysm. A 43 year old man suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) had an aneurysm arising on the fetal-type Pcom artery itself, and underwent surgery for clipping. Most of the aneurysm was buried in the temporal lobe, so retraction of the temporal lobe was mandatory. During the retraction, premature rupture was encountered. After tentative dome clipping and the control of bleeding, complete clipping was achieved. Another patient, a 71 year old woman presenting with consciousness disturbance due to SAH, had an aneurysm on the fetal-type Pcom artery itself, and underwent surgery for clipping. It has been generally considered that hemodynamic factor plays an important role in the formation, the growth, and the rupture of the cerebral aneurysm. This factor is especially significant in true Pcom aneurysm formation and rupture. According to the literature, a combination of fetal type Pcom and formation of the true Pcom aneurysm has been reported in most cases (81.8%). Most of the aneurysm can be buried in the temporal lobe, and the retraction of the temporal lobe during the dissection of the neck would be necessary, which causes premature rupture of the true Pcom aneurysm. In the surgery for a true Pcom aneurysm, we should be aware of possible premature rupture when temporal lobe retraction is necessary.     

Problems in diagnosis of popliteal aneurysms.

Clinical features and errors in diagnosis have been assessed in a retrospective study of 62 popliteal aneurysms in 40 patients, 22 of whom had bilateral aneurysms. Only 29% of patients complained of pain or swelling behind the knee, while 31% of aneurysms had produced distal ischaemia presenting as intermittent claudication, 9 aneurysms had thrombosed producing ischaemic rest pain in 6 legs, and 4 aneurysms had ruptured. Although 94% of aneurysms were suspected or confidently diagnosed by palpation alone, only 43% of patients had had the correct diagnosis made at the time of initial referral. Treatment was delayed in 12 patients, 8 of whom subsequently required amputation. Popliteal aneurysm should be suspected in patients with a prominent popliteal pulse who present with intermittent claudication, and in patients with acute ischaemia of the leg who may have a thrombosed aneurysm requiring surgical exploration.     

Rupture of right gastric artery aneurysm--a case report and the usefulness of TAE

A case of a 39-year-old male with ruptured right gastric artery aneurysm was reported. An emergency angiography was carried out followed by transarterial embolization. The TAE was of great value for the control of massive bleeding and for getting out of the urgent surgical operation. In the present report the clinical value of TAE as well as frequency and some diagnostic imagings on this disease was discussed.     

Hospital volume, calendar age, and short term outcomes in patients undergoing repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: the Ontario experience, 1988-92.

OBJECTIVE: To determine, for abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, whether a previously reported relationship between hospital case volume and mortality rate was observed in Ontario hospitals and to assess the potential impact of age on the mortality rate for elective surgery. DESIGN: Population based observational study using administrative data. SETTING: All Ontario hospitals where repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm as a primary procedure was performed during 1988-92. PATIENTS: These comprised 5492 patients with unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms and 1203 patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms admitted to hospital between 1988-92 for repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm as a primary procedure. MAIN OUTCOMES: In-hospital death and length of in-hospital stay. RESULTS: The case fatality rate was 3.8% for unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms and 40.0% for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. For unruptured cases, after adjustment for patient and hospital covariates, each 10 case per year increase in hospital volume was related to a 6% reduction in relative odds of death (odds ratio (OR) 0.94, 95% confidence intervals 0.88, 0.99) and 0.29 days reduction (95% CI -0.22, -0.35) in postoperative in-hospital stay. Female sex (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08, 2.18) and transfer from another acute care hospital (OR 4.37, 95% CI 2.62, 7.29) were associated with increased case fatality rates among patients in the unruptured category. For ruptured cases, neither the case fatality rate nor postoperative in-hospital stay were significantly related to hospital volume. The case fatality rates increased linearly and substantially with advancing age both for unruptured and ruptured aneurysms, and the excess risk of postoperative death in ruptured as compared to unruptured aneurysms was substantially higher in older patients. CONCLUSION: The relationship between hospital volume and mortality or morbidity was very modest and observed only for elective surgery. Case fatality rates in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms remained 10 times higher than for patients with unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, despite improvements in overall mortality in comparison to previously published data. More effective detection of aneurysms, including elective repair for those once considered "high risk" older patients, might further reduce the toll from ruptured aortic aneurysms.     

Neurosurgery or endovascular treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm? In case of doubt choose endovascular treatment

In the 'International subarachnoid aneurysm trial' (ISAT), patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were randomised to endovascular detachable coil treatment or craniotomy with clipping of the aneurysm if either treatment was judged to be suitable. Of all patients assessed for eligibility, endovascular treatment was considered the best treatment for 29% and neurosurgical clipping was considered best for 38%, in 11% the treatment was unknown, which left 22% for whom there was no preference for one of the two treatments and who gave permission for randomisation. In patients allocated endovascular treatment, 24% was dependent or dead at 1 year versus 31% of patients allocated neurosurgical treatment. The relative-risk reduction in dependency or death at 1 year was 23%. The risk of re-bleeding after 1 year was 2 per 1276 patient years in patients allocated endovascular treatment and 0 per 1081 patient years in those allocated neurosurgical treatment. Based on these results it is estimated that in the Netherlands each year at least 500 patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm should be treated with endovascular coiling within 3 days of the haemorrhage. This treatment can best be limited to a few centres, since it will otherwise not be possible to gain sufficient experience. The same applies to neurosurgical treatment since the number of patients treated with neurosurgical clipping will decrease.     

Surgical resection for ruptured aneurysm of middle colic artery caused by segmental arterial mediolysis: a case report

Aneurysm of the middle colic artery is very uncommon. In this report, we describe a case of a ruptured aneurysm of the middle colic artery caused by segmental arterial mediolysis and its successful management by surgical resection. A 60-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our institution for the treatment of a ruptured aneurysm of the branch of the superior mesenteric artery suspected by computed tomography. Angiography revealed multiple wide and narrow mural irregularities and some aneurysms in the middle colic artery without extravasation. Transcatheter arterial embolization could not be accomplished because of difficulty in catheterization. Since radiological findings of the patient indicated worsening of the aneurysm, surgical resection was performed. Histopathological findings of the resected specimen were consistent with those of segmental arterial mediolysis. In cases where curative embolization cannot be accomplished, surgical resection is required. However, in a non-ruptured aneurysm, healing occurs gradually. Therefore, if the vital parameters of the patient are stable, conservative observation can be recommended.     

彩色多普勒超声在腹主动脉瘤破裂诊断中的应用

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤破裂的彩色多普勒声像图特征,为临床提供早期、有效的参考信息。方法回顾性分析29例腹主动脉瘤破裂病人的彩色多普勒超声表现,并对照手术结果进行分析。结果 29例腹主动脉瘤破裂患者,依据Szilagyi分型,开放型占4例,限制型占18例,封闭型占7例,超声诊断与手术结果相符合者22例,本组超声诊断符合率75%。结论急诊彩色多普勒超声检查操作方便,符诊率高,并可于床边及时检查,给临床诊断腹主动脉瘤破裂提供了可靠的客观依据。     

Intracranial aneurysms and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Three women aged 55, 47 and 40 years with polycystic kidney disease had several relatives with cystic kidneys, some of whom had died or been crippled after (presumably) a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Two of these patients had a haemorrhage from an aneurysm of a cerebral artery; after clipping of the vessel they recovered without sequelae. The third patient had magnetic resonance (MR) angiography performed, which revealed no aneurysm. The prevalence of intracranial, saccular aneurysms in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is about 10%. ADPKD patients with questions about the risk of a subarachnoid haemorrhage should be informed about the need of blood pressure control and the possibility of screening by MR angiography. Diagnosed aneurysms can be treated neurosurgically or endovascularly. Since aneurysms develop in the course of life, screening as a rule is only necessary from the age of 20 years, and its repetition every 5 years should be considered.