Isolated Acetabular Revision Hip Arthroplasty with the Use of Uncemented Cup

We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of isolated acetabular revision hip arthroplasty. Forty-three hips underwent isolated acetabular revision with uncemented cup and were followed up for an average of 76 months. The monoblock femoral stems were used in 20 hips and modular femoral stems in 23 hips. The average Harris Hip Score improved to 87 at last follow-up from 57 preoperatively. All femoral stems maintained stable fixation with bone ingrowth and no subsidence at last follow-up. Five hips with the monoblock stem underwent rerevision due to loosening of cup with osteolysis. The isolated acetabular revision is encouraging, but in reflection of the results of the monoblock head, the visual inspection of the femoral head is not enough for evaluation of its surface status.     

Cementless Acetabular Socket Revisions Using Metasul Metal-on-Metal Bearings

Thirty-four hips were treated with cementless acetabular socket revisions using a metal-on-metal bearing. The causes of revision were aseptic loosening in 33 hips and septic loosening in 1 hip. Revisions were performed for acetabular sockets in 28 hips and for acetabular sockets and femoral stems in 6 hips. Mean follow-up duration was 6.2 years (range, 4.0-9.1 years), and mean Harris Hip Scores improved from 56 to 92 points. No hip required further revision for aseptic loosening. Focal femoral osteolysis newly developed in zone I in 1 hip, which was treated by curettage and bone grafting. The authors suggest that second-generation metal-on-metal bearings in cementless acetabular socket revisions can achieve good medium-term clinical and radiographic results.     

Total hip reconstruction using frozen femoral head allografts in patients with acetabular bone loss

Major acetabular bone loss associated with failed total hip replacements can be managed successfully using frozen femoral heads as structural allografts during revision surgery. In 29 cases followed for an average period of 3.9 years, all of the grafts showed radiographic evidence of union. Five hips showed clinical or radiographic evidence for acetabular loosening. Three of these hips required reoperations for symptomatic loosening. In two of these, sufficient bone stock was present to permit another revision without further bone grafting. Twenty-five of the remaining 26 hips were functioning satisfactorily with a mean Harris score of 84 points. In view of the major bone loss following multiple previous operative procedures in these young patients, the results of revisions using structural femoral head allografts were clearly superior to those with resection arthroplasty, the most likely alternate solution. Graft resorption, lack of posterior coverage, and incomplete cement mantle contributed to the failures.     

High placement of noncemented acetabular components in revision total hip arthroplasty. A concise follow-up, at a minimum of fifteen years, of a previous report

We previously reported the average ten-year results associated with the use of porous-coated noncemented acetabular shells that were placed at a high hip center at the time of revision total hip arthroplasty in thirty-four patients (thirty-six hips) with severe acetabular bone loss. We now report the average 16.8-year results for twenty-one patients (twenty-three hips). Of the original cohort of forty-four patients (forty-six hips), thirty-nine patients (forty-one hips; 89%) retained the shell. Two shells (4.3%) were revised because of aseptic loosening, and three (6.5%) were revised because of infection. Six femoral components were revised because of femoral osteolysis, and seven were revised because of aseptic loosening without osteolysis. On the basis of our results after an average duration of follow-up of 16.8 years, we believe that the placement of an uncemented acetabular component at a high hip center continues to be an excellent technique for revision total hip arthroplasty in selected patients with severe acetabular bone loss.     

Cementless acetabular revision for aseptic failure of cemented hip arthroplasty

This study is a 5- to 11-year retrospective followup of 40 hips in 33 patients with cementless acetabular revision for aseptic failure of a cemented total hip arthroplasty. A porous coated, Harris-Galante acetabular component was used in all revisions. Thirty-eight of the 40 hips received acetabular bone grafting at revision. The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 51 points just before the index cementless revision to 87 points at the most recent followup. Twenty-nine of 40 (73%) hips were classified as having a good or excellent result. Radiolucencies were observed in seven of the 40 (18%) hips at the most recent followup, but none of these radiolucencies were complete or progressive. Five of the 40 (13%) hips were rated as failures and required repeat revision. Two (5%) of these failures were caused by aseptic loosening, with both hips having severe acetabular bone damage at the time of the index revision. This failure rate for aseptic loosening was less than that reported for cemented acetabular revision, thereby confirming the efficacy of cementless acetabular components in revision hip surgery in the intermediate term.     

Hydroxyapatite-coated total hip arthroplasty: the impact on thigh pain and arthroplasty survival

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of primary total hip arthroplasty using an uncemented, hydroxyapatite-coated implant. We followed a consecutive series of 164 patients, who underwent total hip arthroplasty with the Furlong fully-hydroxyapatite coated implant over a mean time period of 12.8 years. Clinical and radiological analyses were performed. Roentgenographic evaluation for the femoral side of the hip was performed using the Gruen zones, for the acetabular side using the DeLee and Charnley zones. Engh's radiological score was employed to assess fixation and stability of the stem. Clinical results were evaluated by Harris Hip Score. The mean Harris hip score was 46 preoperatively and 85 at last follow-up. The mean Engh score was 23. No hips had been revised for aseptic loosening of the femoral component. Thigh pain incidence was very low (1.2%). Survival analysis showed excellent results (95.8% at end point). The Furlong hydroxyapatite-coated implant appears as a reliable and safe option for hip arthroplasty.     

Cementless revision of total hip arthroplasty using the anatomic porous replacement revision prosthesis

This study reports the results of revision total hip arthroplasty with the Anatomic Porous Replacement Revision Hip System (Intermedics Orthopedics, Austin, TX) to investigate the value of cementless fixation. Sixty-six hips in 65 patients were followed for a mean of 4.7 years in patients with a mean age of 56 years. Thirty-six patients were categorized as Charnley class A, 16 as class B, and 13 as class C. Forty (61%) of the femurs were classified before surgery as having loss of bone distal to the intertrochanteric line. Thirty-two (48%) of the femurs required augmentation with demineralized strut cortical allografts, 5 (8%) required bulk femoral allografts, and 12 hips (18%) required acetabular allografts. Overall, 4 stems (6%) and 2 acetabular components (4%) required further revision surgery. The reason for further revision in 1 stem and both acetabular components was allograft failure. Fifty-six (85%) hips had excellent or good Harris hip scores. Ninety percent of hips had no or slight pain, and 90% allowed patients to walk with no or slight limp. Those hips that had hydroxyapatite coating added to the porous coating had statistically improved Harris hip scores for both pain and limp. Stable fixation was present in 95% of stems. Demineralized strut grafts healed in 30 of 32 hips. Thirty-nine of 44 noncemented revision sockets had no radiolucent lines and there were no loose components. Cementless fixation was effective for these hips.     

Die Hakendachschale in der Revision schwieriger gelockerter Hüftprothesenpfannen

The long-term results of acetabular revision after total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the use of a reinforcement ring with hook were evaluated. The study included 57 cases of surgery dating back 10 years or more. Of a total of 54 patients (57 operated hips), 18 patients (19 hips) died during the 10-year period and 2 patients (2 hips) were completely lost to follow-up. At the time of the revision surgery, the mean age of the remaining 34 patients (36 hips) was 62.5 years (range: 47-80). A THA revision was done in 25 cases and an acetabular revision only in 11 cases. The most common acetabular defect was a combined segmental and cavitary defect (n = 19), and in three cases there was pelvic discontinuity. Autologous or homologous cancellous bone grafts were used to fill acetabular cavities in 17 hip joints. Structured bone grafts, predominantly homologous bone, were used in ten cases for acetabular reconstruction. At a mean follow-up of 11.4 years (range: 10-14.5) three hip joints (8%) had undergone further revision. The revisions were done for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component in two cases and a septic loosening of both components in one case. Three further cases (8%) revealed signs of acetabular loosening. Two of these three patients were symptomatic but refused further revision surgery. In the 33 unrevised hip joints, a good or excellent clinical result with a d'Aubingé score of more than 14 points was found in 30 cases (92%). Osseous acetabular reconstruction with the use of a reinforcement ring leads to favorable results compared to other techniques. In the authors' opinion, this technique is preferable to those using oversized cups without osseous reconstruction of the acetabulum.     

Acetabular revision with morsellised allogenic bone graft and a cemented metal-backed component

Failure of total hip arthroplasty with acetabular deficiency occurred in 55 patients (60 hips) and was treated with acetabular revision using morsellised allograft and a cemented metal-backed component. A total of 50 patients (55 hips) were available for clinical and radiological evaluation at a mean follow-up of 5.8 years (3 to 9.5). No hip required further revision of the acetabular component because of aseptic loosening. All the hips except one had complete incorporation of the allograft demonstrated on the radiographs. A complete radiolucent line of > 1 mm was noted in two hips post-operatively. A good to excellent result occurred in 50 hips (91%). With radiological evidence of aseptic loosening of the acetabular component as the end-point, the survivorship at a mean of 5.8 years after surgery was 96.4%. The use of impacted allograft chips in combination with a cemented metal-backed acetabular component and screw fixation can achieve good medium-term results in patients with acetabular bone deficiency.     

Multi-centre study of cement-in-cement and in-cement femoral revision total hip arthroplasty using polished,stainless steel stems

BackgroundExposure of the acetabular component during revision total hip arthroplasty is often difficult and stems are often difficult to remove. Polished and tapered cemented stems are easily removed and can be easily reconstructed by either cement-in-cement or in-cement technique. This study was a retrospective review of the medium-term outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty conducted with the Exeter stem fixed by cement-in-cement or in-cement method in four institutions.MethodsThis study included hips (n = 103) reconstructed by cement-in-cement or in-cement technique on the femoral side during revision total hip arthroplasty in four institutions between 2003 and 2015. The mean age at surgery was 71.1 years (range, 43–86 years), and the mean follow-up period was 5.6 years (range, 0–13 years).ResultsRevision arthroplasty was required for acetabular component complications in 69 hips, for dislocation in 25, for infection in eight, and for stem fracture in one hip. Re-revision was required in 10 hips for: infection (n = 6), acetabular component complications (n = 3), and dislocation (n = 1). No radiographic loosening, cement fractures, or osteolysis of the femoral components were observed. Ten-year survival rate was 99% with the endpoint of femoral revision surgery, and 100% with the endpoint of femoral aseptic loosening.ConclusionsThe medium-term outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty on the femoral side conducted using the cement-in-cement or in-cement technique were favourable, with no cases of aseptic loosening. As long as the bone-cement interface remains robust, there is no need to remove all the cement, and the cement-in-cement or in-cement technique should be used for reconstruction.     

Favorable results of acetabular reconstruction with impacted morsellized bone grafts in patients younger than 50 years: a 10- to 18-year follow-up study of 34 cemented total hip arthroplasties

We report a long-term review of 41 acetabular reconstructions using impacted morsellized bone grafts and a cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients younger than 50 (22-49; average 38) years. Reconstruction was performed in 23 primary THA (19 patients) and 18 revision THA (17 patients). 3 patients were lost to follow-up and 3 (4 hips) died within 10 years of surgery; none had a revision. Thus, 34 hips (30 patients) were reviewed with an average follow-up of 13 (10-18) years. In 2 hips, a revision was performed for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component 7 and 11 years after surgery. One additional cup was revised after 12 years during a femoral stem revision due to wear and matching problems, but was well fixed. The survival rate of the acetabular reconstruction technique was 94% (95% CI: 90-98%).     

Favorable results of acetabular reconstruction with impacted morsellized bone grafts in patients younger than 50 years: A 10- to 18-year follow-up study of 34 cemented total hip arthroplasties

We report a long-term review of 41 acetabular reconstructions using impacted morsellized bone grafts and a cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients younger than 50 (22-49; average 38) years. Reconstruction was performed in 23 primary THA (19 patients) and 18 revision THA (17 patients). 3 patients were lost to follow-up and 3 (4 hips) died within 10 years of surgery; none had a revision. Thus, 34 hips (30 patients) were reviewed with an average follow-up of 13 (10-18) years. In 2 hips, a revision was performed for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component 7 and 11 years after surgery. One additional cup was revised after 12 years during a femoral stem revision due to wear and matching problems, but was well fixed. The survival rate of the acetabular reconstruction technique was 94% (95% CI: 90-98%).     

髓内打压植骨结合广泛多孔涂层长柄假体在股骨侧严重骨缺损（PaproskymA型）翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨股骨侧严重骨缺损（Paprosky ⅢA型）翻修中应用髓内打压植骨结合广泛多孔涂层长柄假体的临床疗效.方法 2006年3月～2010年9月,对38例（38髋）Paprosky ⅢA型股骨骨缺损患者行翻修重建,其中男24例,女14例,平均年龄62岁.翻修原因：骨溶解、无菌性松动29例,全髋关节置换术（THA）术后感染二期翻修6例,假体周围骨折3例（Vancouver B3型）.股骨侧干骺端骨缺损采用同种异体颗粒骨髓腔内打压植骨进行修复,股骨柄采用全涂层长柄假体（7～10英寸）.术后定期随访,髋关节功能评价采用Harris评分,影像学采用X线片及CT观察：假体柄有无松动下沉、股骨近端应力遮挡情况、植入的异体颗粒骨与宿主骨整合情况.结果 38例均获得随访,平均随访53.4个月（23～62个月）,Harris评分由术前平均42分（32～47分）,提高至末次随访时平均86分（69～95分）.无患者发生脱位、假体周围骨折.1例术后感染,行再次二期翻修;1例假体柄在术后6个月内下沉4.24 cm,再次翻修时选择更粗的假体柄,末次随访时假体柄稳定;其余所有患者假体柄均牢固固定.3例出现轻-中度应力遮挡.15例近端皮质骨密度及厚度有增加,厚度平均增加约1.8 mm（0.7～3.5 mm）,植入骨与宿主骨逐渐整合并增加了骨缺损区的骨质储备.结论严重骨缺损（Paprosky ⅢA型）的股骨翻修中,采用髓内颗粒骨打压植骨可以很好的修复股骨中上段骨缺损,重建股骨干骺端.依靠广泛多孔涂层长柄假体在远端的牢固压配固定,结合股骨干骺端髓内紧密打压植骨,使假体柄在股骨中上段及远端均能获得较好的初始稳定性,近期临床和影像学结果满意,远期疗效有待观察.     

Omnifit cementless total hip arthroplasty. A 10-year average followup.

Seventy-six hips in 67 patients were evaluated an average of 119 months (range, 61-150 months) after total hip arthroplasty with porous coated Omnifit femoral and acetabular components. The patients were young (average age, 45 years), and most were male (67%). Two stems and one cup were revised for aseptic loosening, for aseptic revision rates of 2.6% on the femoral side and 1.3% on the acetabular side. Thigh pain was present in three cases, one of which was activity limiting. Twenty-five (35.7%) hips had evidence of osteolysis confined to proximal Gruen Zone 1 or 7 or to the acetabulum (22 proximal femoral, three both). There were no cases of intramedullary osteolysis in surviving stems. Thirteen (17.1%) hips have undergone reoperation for bone grafting of progressive proximal osteolysis without component revision, at an average 93 months after the total hip arthroplasty. At an average 40 months after reoperation, all stems remain well fixed, and there has been no recurrence of osteolysis of grafted femoral lesions. These results suggest that a circumferentially proximally porous coated femoral component in cementless total hip arthroplasty can provide stable fixation for as long as 12 years after implantation and caseal the canal from distal osteolysis. Serious concerns remain about the incidence of proximal femoral osteolysis.     

应用锥形沟槽式股骨组配柄假体行全髋关节翻修术的中期疗效

目的 探讨应用锥形沟槽设计的股骨组配柄假体行全髋关节股骨侧假体翻修术的中期疗效.方法 2000年5月至2005年8月采用锥形沟槽式股骨组配柄假体行全髋关节翻修术19例,男6例,女13例;年龄47～86岁,平均67岁.单髋17例,双髋2例.术前诊断均为股骨柄和臼杯假体无菌性松动合并股骨侧骨缺损,按Paprosky标准诊断为Ⅱ型缺损4髋,Ⅲa型缺损14髋,Ⅲb型缺损3髋.股骨侧翻修均采用锥形沟槽式股骨组配柄假体(Lima-Lto,意大利),髋臼侧均采用SPH臼杯假体(LimaLto,意大利)行生物学固定.关节头臼界面采用陶瓷-陶瓷组合17髋,金属-聚乙烯组合4髋.结果 全部病例随访5～10年,平均7年.Harris髋关节评分由术前平均(46.2±15.2)分改善至翻修术后半年平均(90.3±5.3)分,末次随访平均(92.2±3.5)分.X线片显示翻修柄获广泛骨长入骨性固定者20髋(95%,20/21),纤维性稳定者1髋(5%,1/21).假体下沉0～10 mm,平均2.4 mm.随访期间无一例因假体松动或其他原因需行再次翻修.结论 采用锥形沟槽式股骨组配柄假体行伴有PaproskyⅡ型、Ⅲa和Ⅲb型骨缺损的股骨侧假体翻修术,可获得理想的初始稳定和永久生物学固定,中期随访疗效满意.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the midterm results of the revision total hip replacement with a fluted and tapered modular stem. Methods Nineteen patients (21 hips) underwent revision total hip arthroplasty from May 2000 to August 2005 were reviewed. There were 13 females and 6 males, with an average age of 67 years. Pre-revision diagnosis included aseptic loosening of the cups and stems associated with femoral defects (Paprosky classification) type Ⅱ 4 hips (19%), type Ⅲa 14 hips (67%), and type Ⅲb 3 hips (14%). The adopted acetabular component was SPH (Lima-Lto, Italy), and femoral component was a fluted and tapered modular stem (Lima-Lto, Italy). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed postoperatively. Results The mean follow-up was 7 years (range, 5-10). The Harris hip score improved from 46.2±15.2 preoperatively to 90.3±5.3 postoperatively, and maintain 92.2±3.5 at the latest follow-up. The X-ray films showed bone ingrowths fixation in 20 hips (95%) and fibrous stable fixation in 1 hip (5%). The average stem subsidence was 2.4 mm (range, 0-10 mm). There were no re-revisions of the femoral stem for any reason. Conclusion The midterm results of revision total hip replacement with a fluted and tapered modular stem in Paprosky type Ⅱ, Ⅲ a, Ⅲ b femoral defect associated aseptic loosening of the femoral stem was encouraging.     

Bone graft incorporation after revision hip arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, seventy eight revisions using bone allografts with or without metal reinforcements

Purpose

The aim of the study was to assess bone graft incorporation after revision hip arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We report an acetabular reconstruction using impacted, morselized, frozen, radiation sterilized bone allografts in 71 patients suffering from RA. There were sixty-six women and five men at a mean age of 57.5 years. Reconstruction was performed in 78 revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) for aseptic loosening of acetabular component. The mean follow-up was five years and four months. In 38 cases, a revision was done with use of reinforcement devices.

Results

In four revised hips (10 %) without reinforcement implants, resorption of the allografts was noticed. All Mueller rings and 50 % of unscrews cages (Link, Howmedica) were revised because of aseptic loosening and bone graft resorption. In all of 17 hips with the Burch-Schneider cage, no measurable migration or bone allografts resorption occurred. There were no major general complications.

Conclusions

Acetabular reconstruction with use of morselized, frozen, radiation sterilized bone allografts and the Burch-Schneider cage can be highly successful in managing massive deficiency of acetabular bone stock in revision hip arthroplasty in RA patients.     

应用非骨水泥髋臼或金属髋臼支架行髋关节翻修术的临床研究

目的 评估非骨水泥髋臼及金属髋臼支架加植骨修复髋臼骨缺损的效果.方法 我院自2001年9月至2008年9月应用髋臼翻修支架行髋关节翻修术22例(24髋).其中Lima非骨水泥人工翻修髋臼2例(2髋),Kerboull 支架2例(2髋),GAP 髋臼翻修支架18例(20髋).男性6例(6髋),女性16例(18髋).平均年龄62岁(34～79岁).感染性松动2例(2髋),无菌松动20例(22髋).平均随访时间48个月(18～84个月),对其进行临床和影像学评估.Harris评分术前平均为56分(44～75分).结果 末次随访时22例患者Harris评分平均为89分(78～94分).优良率为95.5%(21/22).三种髋臼翻修支架的外展角满意,髋臼旋转中心基本得到了重建.髋臼翻修支架及其聚氯乙烯臼无明显移位,假体周围无透亮线,髋臼植骨愈合良好.结论 应用非骨水泥髋臼或髋臼支架修复髋臼侧巨大骨缺损,重建了髋臼正常旋转中心、提供了翻修假体的初期稳定性、避免了所植骨在血管化时期的过度机械负重,是翻修髋臼巨大骨缺损的可靠方法.     

Revision of failed acetabular cups with extensive structural allografts

AIM: Structural allografts are used with encouraging results for revision of failed total hip arthroplasty and in the surgery of bone tumours. The aim of the present study is to describe the clinical and radiological results achieved with structural allografts in revision of a total hip arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 15 patients (12 female and 3 male patients) were revised with an acetabular defect situation of type 3 A or 3 B according to the Paprosky classification. Five fresh-frozen acetabula, nine distal femora and one proximal tibia were used for acetabular reconstruction. The rigid graft fixation was performed with 2 > or = AO screws. In one case a cemented acetabular ring was implanted, four cementless cups and ten cemented polyethylene acetabular components were used. The mean follow-up was 7.9 years (1.6-11.0 years). RESULTS: A stable osseointegration of fifteen transplanted structural allografts was achieved in thirteen cases. Two allografts (one aseptic loosening, one deep infection) failed to osseointegrate. In one case the migration of a cementless cup was registered. Revision surgery of this female patient was performed successfully with a cemented reconstruction ring. The mean Harris hip score at the latest follow-up was 81.4 points (70-99 points). CONCLUSION: For reconstruction of acetabular bone stock and restoration of the bone anatomy structural allografts can be recommended. The use of cementless cups in combination with structural grafts is to be evaluated as critical.     

骨水泥型髋臼在全髋关节置换的中远期随访结果

目的探讨骨水泥型髋臼在初次全髋置换中的中远期结果。方法对1995年6月至1898年12月间我院55例全髋置换病人进行术前术后及临床随访功能评定,随访X线片了解假体情况,采用Harris评分系统进行临床功能评价。结果随访时间10-13年,平均11．8年。因其他疾病死亡5例,失访10例,共有40例病人得到随访。其中有5例病人行翻修手术,均为髋臼侧松动,总的翻修率为12．5％,髋臼总的生存率为87．5％。若以可能松动和翻修术作为随访终点,其十年生存率为75％。结论骨水泥髋臼的长期生存率低于生物型髋臼,建议采用生物型髋臼置换。     

Reconstruction of the rotation center of the hip after oblong cups in revision total hip arthroplasty

Background

The preoperative bone defect and the reconstruction of the center of rotation of the hip are critical in acetabular revision surgery. Uncemented oblong cups are employed in order to manage these issues. We analyzed the clinical results and rates of revision of two different uncemented oblong cups, the reconstruction of the center of rotation of the hip, as well as the rate of radiological loosening and possible risk factors.

Materials and methods

Forty-five patients (46 hips) underwent acetabular revision surgery using two different uncemented oblong cups. We assessed the clinical results and the survival rate for revision and aseptic loosening. Intraoperative bone loss was classified according to Paprosky, and acetabular reconstruction was assessed according to Ranawat. The mean follow-up was 7.2 years (range 4–11 years).

Results

There were four re-revisions (three due to aseptic loosening); the survival rate for re-revision due to aseptic loosening was 60.1 % at seven years. The mean distance between the center of the femoral head prosthesis and the approximate center of the femoral head improved from 21.5 to 10.2 mm. Thirteen cups showed radiological loosening; the survival rate for radiological loosening at seven years was 40.54 %. A smaller postoperative horizontal distance was correlated with cup loosening.

Conclusions

Although optimal acetabular reconstruction can be achieved by using oblong uncemented cups in revision hip surgery, the clinical and radiological results are not encouraging. Excessive medialization of the cup may increase the rate of loosening.