原发性高血压病患者左室重量与外周血淋巴细胞β受体密度的相关性研究

为研究高血压病（ＥＨ）患者左室重量与外周血淋巴细胞β受体密度的关系,采用超声心动图与３Ｈ－双氢阿普洛尔（３Ｈ－ＤＨＡ）放射性配基结合分析法,检测７０例ＥＨ男性患者左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）与外周血淋巴细胞β受体最大结合容量（βｍａｘ）。结果显示：①ＬＶＭＩ＞１２５ｇ／ｍ２患者βｍａｘ为（６０３±１０１）ｆｍｏｌ／１０７细胞,分别高于ＬＶＭＩ＜１２５ｇ／ｍ２患者［（４１１±１０３）ｆｍｏｌ／１０７细胞,Ｐ＜０．０１］和正常人［（３６７±１１０）ｆｍｏｌ／１０７细胞,Ｐ＜０．００１］;②随着ＬＶＭＩ的增加,外周血淋巴细胞βｍａｘ呈现进行性上行调节（二者相关系数ｒ＝０．４４,Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明高血压病患者左室重量的增加与外周血淋巴细胞β受体密度的上行性调节具有相关关系。可能与高血压病理状态下机体内源性儿茶酚胺系统的激活,使β受体对其细胞生物活化效应的中介作用增强有关。     

运动锻炼对弹性蛋白酶诱导大鼠肺气肿的影响研究

目的　为了观察运动锻炼对弹性蛋白酶诱导肺气肿的影响。　方法　４４ 只ＳＤ 大鼠，雌雄各半，先随机分为２ 组肺气肿组和对照组，肺气肿组一次性经气管内滴注猪胰弹性蛋白酶８００ Ｅｕ／ｋｇ（２００Ｅｎ／ｍ ｌ０．９％ ＮａＣｌ），对照组滴注等体积０． ９％ ＮａＣｌ液。注酶后４ 周再将２ 组随机分为运动组和非运动组，即： 正常对照组（ＮＣ），正常运动组（ＮＥ），肺气肿对照组（ＥＣ） 和肺气肿运动组（ＥＥ），然后进行为期１２ 周的运动平板锻炼。　结果　与ＮＣ组比较，ＥＣ 和ＥＥ组肺灌注体积与体重比增大（Ｐ＜ ０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０５），排除与灌注体积比变小（Ｐ＜ ０．００１），单位面积的肺泡个数减少（Ｐ＜ ０．００１），平均肺泡面积增加（Ｐ＜ ０．００５）， 但上述检测参数在ＮＣ与ＮＥ 组和ＥＣ与ＥＥ 组间未见明显差异。　结论　在我们所选定的运动强度下，运动锻炼对正常及肺气肿大鼠肺弹性和病理形态变化无明显影响，可能不会加重肺气肿进程。     

植瘤前后小剂量X线全身照射对小鼠肿瘤生长及转移的影响

目的：观察植瘤前后７．５ｃＧｙＸ线全身照射对肿瘤生长及转移的影响。材料与方法：将Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠随机分成三组：Ａ组（对照组）、Ｂ组（植瘤前２４小时照射组）和Ｃ组（植瘤后第７天照射组）。各组小鼠于足掌处注射Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌（ＬＬＣ）细胞悬液（每只鼠注射５×１０５个活细胞，０．１ｍｌ）。于植瘤后第２１天处死小鼠，检测各组小鼠ＬＬＣ原发瘤重量、自发肺转移结节数及转移率。结果：检测结果表明，Ｂ组ＬＬＣ原发瘤重量、自发肺转移结节数及转移率均明显低于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）；Ｃ组原发瘤重量为Ａ组的５０％，肺转移结节数也显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）。Ｂ组的原发瘤重量为Ｃ组的２８％，肺转移结节数也较低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。于照射后２４小时检测小鼠免疫功能发现，照射后小鼠脾及胸腺有核细胞数增加，巨噬细胞功能增强，脾细胞的ＮＫ（自然杀伤细胞）活性及其对伴刀豆球蛋白（ＣｏｎＡ）和白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）反应性均较未照射组明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０２～０．００１）。结论：上述结果提示，机体免疫功能的提高，可能是植瘤前后小剂量Ｘ线全身照射抗瘤效应的主要机制之一。     

游泳对绝经后妇女骨密度的影响

对２３名坚持４年以上游泳锻炼的绝经后妇女和不参加锻炼的绝经后妇女（对照组）进行比较研究，结果表明：游泳组妇女的骨矿含量及雌二醇水平均较对照组显著增高（Ｐ＜０．００１、０．０１或０．０５），泳龄长短与骨密度值呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４７０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明长期坚持游泳运动可以促进骨密度增加，从而起到预防骨质疏松的作用。     

亚极限动力性运动对人体骨骼肌糖元引物及前糖元合成酶活性的影响

本文观察了亚极限动力性运动对参与糖元生物合成起始反应的糖元引物（ＧＮ）和前糖元合成酶（ＰＧＳ）的影响，肌肉活检样品取自健康男子安静状态和以６５％ＶＯ２ｍａｘ强度自行车运动４０分钟后的股四头肌。运动使骨骼肌ＧＮ和ＰＧＳ活性分别增加２５０％和５０％（ｐ＜０．００１和Ｐ＜０．０５），ＧＮ活性升高与肌肉中糖元含量下降呈明显的相关关系（ｒ＝０．９５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。磷酸化酶总活性不受运动影响，而总的糖元合成酶活性下降２５％（ｐ＜０．０１），数据表明：亚极限动力性运动使骨骼肌ＧＮ活性升高，且这种升高可能是由于糖元中ＧＮ的释放所致。     

高原老年人右心室舒张功能的脉冲多普勒超声研究

海拔２２６０ｍ老年１３例（Ａ组），海拔３５００～４２００ｍ老年１２例（Ｂ组），年龄６０～７４岁。ＥＣＧ、ＵＣＧ、心三位片和肺功能无右室肥大和器质性心脏病及慢阻肺。脉冲多普勤测定三尖瓣口Ｅ＿ｖ、Ａ＿ｖ、Ｅ＿Ｉ、Ａ＿Ｉ、Ａ＿ｖ／Ｅ＿Ｉ、ＥＤＴ、ＡＴ。结果发现Ｂ组的Ａ＿ｖ／Ｅ＿ｖ增大（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＥＤＴ及ＡＴ缩短（分别Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＡＴ与ＥＤＴ呈高度正相关（ｒ＝０．９３５、Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＡＴ与Ａ＿ｖ／Ｅ＿ｖ呈高度负相关（ｒ＝－０．９１６、Ｐ＜０．０１）；且ＥＤＴ与Ａ＿ｖ／Ｅ＿ｖ亦呈高度负相关（ｒ＝－０．９０７、Ｐ＜０．０１）；表明尚无高原心脏病的海拔３５００ｍ以上高原老年人，右室舒张功能减低，右室后负荷已有一定程度增加，两者间呈高度正相关关系。     

自由基清除合剂Ⅰ号配方对中长跑运动员的影响－Ⅳ．电解质和血细胞

本研究发现运动后血Ｋ＋有下降趋势，对照组运动后２４小时Ｐ＜０．０１，用药组Ｐ＞０．０５，血Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－无变化。运动后尿Ｋ＋增高，尿Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－下降，用药组尿Ｋ＋静息状态低于对照组，但运动后增幅大于对照组，尿Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－低于对照组，分别为Ｐ＜０．０２，Ｐ＜０．０５。运动后血红细胞和血红蛋白下降。对照组运动后２４小时分别为Ｐ＜０．１，Ｐ＜０．０１，用药组血红细胞和血红蛋白略低于对照组（Ｐ＞０．０５），但运动后减少不显著，同时血红蛋白尿的发生率和人均含量低于对照组。运动后即刻血白细胞增高，对照组Ｐ＜０．０５，用药组Ｐ＞０．０５，运动后３小时进一步增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），达峰值。提示自由基清除合剂Ⅰ号配方能加强运动时的应激反应，促进Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋交换，增加血容量，减少红细胞破坏。     

特高海拔地区剧烈运动后几项生理功能检测

本文在海拔１４００、３７００和５２７０ｍ对５１名青年官兵检测了安静状态和５公里跑步越野后即刻的脉搏、呼吸、血氧饱和度、每分通气量、越野完成时间以及脉搏恢复时间。结果：海拔５２７０ｍ越野后即刻每分通气量较３７００ｍ显著下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），脉搏恢复时间显著延长（Ｐ＜０．００１）。作者认为肺通气量下降与特高海拔地区剧烈运动使呼吸肌疲劳，功能残气量和残气量增加，肺动脉高压引起化学感受器敏感性降低以及严重低氧致运动冲动传递障碍有关。     

α－颗粒膜蛋白与糖尿病血管病变关系的研究

用放免法对５６例非胰岛素依懒型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者和３８例健康人进行血小板和血浆α－颗粒膜蛋白（简称ＧＭＰ－１４０）测定。结果表明ＮＩＤＤＭ患者血小板和血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０水平明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），差异极显著，而糖尿病合并微血管病变组的血小板和血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０的水平又明显高于无微血管病变组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。提示ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的血管并发症尤其是微血管病变与血小板的功能改变有着密切的关系。     

糖尿病及非糖尿病老人胰腺的超声对比研究

目的：为了观察老年糖尿病患者胰腺在声像图上的表现。材料和方法：采用连续样本和盲法对１５０例病程＜１０年（观察组１），１５０病例≥１０年（观察组２）和１５０例非糖尿病老人（对照组）的胰腺进行了超声测量、对比观察和分析。结果：观察组１和观察组２胰头、胰颈、胰体前后径均明显大于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。胰腺腺体呈高回声在观察组１和观察组２分别为８２．６７％、８３．３３％，与对照组相比Ｐ＜０．０１；对照组呈等回声者占４２．００％，与观察组１和观察组２相比Ｐ＜０．００１。结论：Ｂ超对老年糖尿病患者胰腺检查可作为临床辅助检查较为有价值的方法之一。     

耐力、力量、速度性项目优秀运动员和无训练青年左心形态功能之对比研究

应用超声心动图方法对耐力、力量、速度三组84名优秀运动员及常人对照组的心脏作了对比研究。结果提示:三类运动员心脏结构功能的特点不同;耐力运动员心脏结构功能变化最为明显。     

Echocardiographic evaluation of aged male cross country skiers

The aim of this echocardiographic study was to evaluate the effects of long‐term endurance training on cardiac structure and function in three different age groups of 48 healthy middle‐aged and old former or still active male cross country skiers (23 in age group I: age 58.6 ± 2.2 years; 21 in age group II: age 74.9 ± 2.2 years; four in age group III: age 89.5 ± 1.9 years). The two oldest age groups were combined and compared with age group I. No significant differences in left atrial or ventricular dimensions between these two age groups were found. A high proportion of enlarged left atrial dimensions were found among all subjects with 80% exceeding the upper reference limit of 40 mm in diameter (LADs) and 94% exceeding the upper reference limit of 20 cm² in area (LAAs). Mean values for LADs (mm) and LAAs (cm²) were: group I: 41.9 ± 4.7 and 24.7 ± 3.3; group II: 43.5 ± 4.8 and 25.2 ± 3.7; group III: 44.5 ± 4.7 and 25.8 ± 3.7. Left ventricular diastolic diameter exceeded the upper reference limits of >54 mm in 20 subjects among all. The groups had preserved systolic and age‐related diastolic function.     

中老年“过去的运动员”超声心动图和运动心电图初步观察

用超声心动图和ECG运动实验观察中老年“过去的运动员”左心形态和功能,并通过2年随访,对其中ECG运动试验阳性者作出评价,认为ECG阳性并非由训练直接引起,而与一般冠心病好发因素有关。文章指出,对过去的运动员也应保持适量的健身运动并制定合理的生活制度。     

Physiological cyclic variation of the myocardial integrated backscatter signal in athlete's heart

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy which realizes in athlete's heart could create some problems of acoustic reflection related to the increase of myocytic and not-myocytic elements of the heart. The aim of the present study was to analyze the ultrasonic backscatter myocardial indexes both as peak end-diastolic signal intensity and as its cardiac-cyclic variation in athlete's heart, compared to healthy sedentary controls. METHODS: Two groups of ten subjects each, all males of mean age (31.6+/-3.5), and of comparable weight and height were analyzed: group (A) comprised ten cyclists of good professional level and group (C) included ten healthy subjects acting as controls. A 2D-color Doppler echocardiography with a digital echograph Agilent Technologies (AT) Sonos 5500 was carried out on all subjects in the study for the conventional analysis of the left ventricular mass and function. The ultrasonic myocardial integrated backscatter signal (IBS) was analyzed with an "Acoustic Densitometry" module implemented on an AT echograph. The signal was also sampled with a R.O.I. placed at interventricular septum and at posterior left ventricular wall level. The systo-diastolic variation of the backscatter was also considered as Cyclic Variation Index (CVIibs). RESULTS: The left ventricular mass was significantly higher in athletes in comparison with controls (LVMbs: A: 154.5+/-18.7; C: 101.4+/-12.4; p<0.001). The end diastolic IBS signal did not show significant statistical differences between the two groups. The CVIibs both at septum (A: 30.5+/-5.3; C: 27.2+/-7.3; p<0.002) and posterior wall level (A: 43.7+/-9.1; C: 40.7+/-9.1; p<0.001) though was comparable in both groups. CONCLUSION: The conclusions reached in the present study confirmed the physiology of the left ventricular hypertrophy of the athlete's heart evaluated with an ultrasonic integrated backscatter tissue characterization, in particular through the cyclic variation of integrated backscatter myocardial signal. This finding is probably the expression of a preserved intramural myocardial function in the athlete's heart despite the increase of left ventricular mass induced by physical training.     

体重指数对中国成年男性左心结构和功能影响的心血管MRI研究

目的应用心血管磁共振(cardiovascular magnetic resonance,CMR)评价体重指数(body mass index,BMI)对中国成年男性左心结构和功能的影响。方法选取2010年10月~2018年3月行CMR检查的男性体检者共420例,年龄30~50岁,按体重指数(BMI)分为三组,正常体重组(<24 kg/m²)164例、超重组(24.0~27.9 kg/m²)190例和肥胖组(≥28.0 kg/m²)66例。应用1.5T Siemens Magnetom Essenza和GE磁共振扫描仪进行CMR检查,应用CVI⁴²(v5.6.2,Canada)软件包进行心脏结构及功能参数的测量,将乳头肌纳入心肌质量,不计入心室容积;心室容积包含心室流出道,逐层勾画出左室心内膜、心外膜轮廓后计算得出以下参数:左心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、射血分数(EF)、每搏输出量(SV)、心输出量(CO)、心肌质量(LVM)及经体表面积(BSA)校正的值:EDVI=EDV/BSA、ESVI=ESV/BSA、LVMI=LVM/BSA,左心室心肌质量容积比LVM/EDV。结果CO、LVM、LVM/EDV与BMI呈正相关(P<0.05)。与正常体重组比较,超重组及肥胖组EDV、SV显著增加,超重组EF较正常体重组增大(P<0.05)。经BSA校正,超重组ESVI、LVMI及肥胖组EDVI、ESVI、LVMI均与正常体重组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而超重与肥胖组两组间及ESV各组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.42)。结论BMI增加可使EDV、CO、SV、EF及LVM改变,且超重未达肥胖时,即可引起左心室重构、影响左心收缩功能;BSA可校正部分由BMI增加导致的左心结构功能参数改变的差异。     

卡维地洛对尿毒症心肌病患者的疗效观察

目的 探讨卡维地洛对尿毒症心肌病的干预作用.方法 104例尿毒症心肌病患者随机分为两组,每组52例.一组予以常规治疗(对照组),另一组在常规治疗基础上应用卡维地洛12.5～50mg/d(治疗组),总疗程6个月.治疗前后用彩色多普勒检测左室相关数据并测定尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Set)及内生肌酐清除率(Ccr).结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者每搏心输出量(SV)、每分心输出量(CO)及射血分数(EF)升高,左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左室重量(LVM)及左室重量指数(LVMI)下降(P＜0.01),且治疗组疗效明显优于对照组(P＜0.05),Ccr有增加趋势,BUN、Scr有下降趋势,但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 卡维地洛能有效抑制尿毒症心肌病患者的心室重塑,改善心功能及心脏结构,但对肾功能的改善作用不明显.     

Echocardiography in military oxygen divers

BACKGROUND: Oxygen divers undergo environmental stressors such as immersion, ventilation with scuba, cold exposure, and increased ambient pressure. All of these stressors may be responsible for acute hemodynamic modifications. We hypothesized that repeated hyperbaric hyperoxia exposure induces long-term cardiovascular modifications. METHODS: A Doppler echocardiography was conducted on 20 military oxygen divers (average 12 yr diving experience) and compared with 22 controls. Parameters known to be modified by acute hyperoxic exposure, such as left ventricular (LV) function (systolic and diastolic) and arterial compliance, were analyzed. RESULTS: Controls and divers were matched appropriately for age and height, although the divers had a higher body mass index and aerobic capacity. Left atrial and left ventricular diameters did not differ between the two groups. On the other hand, left ventricular mass was significantly higher in the elite military divers (209 +/- 43 g) in comparison with the control group (172 +/- 48 g), even when LV mass was indexed to body surface area. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function indices, stroke volume, cardiac index, peripheral vascular resistance, and systemic compliance were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION: A greater LV mass was observed in oxygen military divers. The echocardiographic differences between divers and controls could be attributed to the high level physical training undertaken by the military divers. Some stressors, such as cold water immersion, repeated hyperoxic exposures, scuba breathing, and long distance swimming, could have participated to the echocardiographic findings in oxygen divers.     

Modified perceptual training in sport: A new classification framework

Objectives

To overview a framework that provides a theoretically-grounded approach to predicting the types of modified perceptual training tasks that will stimulate transfer of improved perceptual skills to sport performance environments. Modified perceptual training (MPT) collectively describes on- or off-field sports training tasks that are specifically designed to develop visual and perceptual-cognitive skill. Traditional training approaches in sport include sports vision training and perceptual-cognitive training, while recently, new technologies have enabled a broad range of additional MPT tools to become available to coaches and athletes.

Training the prepubertal and pubertal athlete

Participation of prepubertal and pubertal children in sports has increased significantly over the past decade. There is a continuing concern for their emotional and physical well-being. This review discusses concerns that coaches, trainers, parents, and athletes must confront. Young athletes are limited in their ability to perform on the playing field by both their physical and emotional maturity. Competitive sports in this age group can lead to injury and disability. Both strength training and aerobic training can have benefits for this age group but must be performed in a cautious and creative fashion. Child athletes have increased nutritional demands that require special attention. The use of performance-enhancing drugs is of special concern in this age group. Training the child athlete should be performed with the utmost concern for the athlete’s safety and well-being.     

高住高练低训对优秀女子中长跑运动员心功能的影响

目的:探讨高住高练低训对优秀女子中长跑运动员心功能的影响。方法:7名国家女子中长跑运动员,进行为期4周的高住高练低训(HiHiLo):在每日完成正常平原训练计划的基础上,每周进行三次低氧训练,训练方式为蹬功率自行车,强度为个体80%VO2max,时间为40分钟,氧浓度为14.7%左右(相当于海拔2800米高度)。此外,每晚在低氧房居住10小时,房内氧含量为14.7%(相当于海拨2800米高度),实验期为4周。采用负荷彩色超声多普勒监测高住高练低训前后心功能的变化,并且监测高住高练低训前后最大摄氧量、血压和体重的变化。结果显示,高住高练低训后的左室重量、左室重量指数、室间隔舒张末期厚度,左室后壁收缩末期厚度在安静状态下较高住高练低训前显著增加(P<0.05),收缩压和舒张压较高住高练低训前明显升高(P<0.05),右心室前后径较高住高练低训前明显减小(P<0.05)。二尖瓣舒张期充盈时间(DFT)在安静及运动负荷状态下均较高住高练低训前显著增加(P<0.05)。高住高练低训前后空腹体重无明显差异,高住高练低训后血压较训练前明显升高(P<0.05)。高住高练低训后最大摄氧量相对值较训练前有所增加,但无显著性差异。结果提示高住高练低训对心脏功能无不良影响,HiHiLo在某种程度上有利于心力储备功能的增强。