高频喷射通气对单肺通气患者氧化应激反应的影响

Objective To determine the effects of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) on oxidative stress in patients during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods Forty-five patients undergoing elective radical esophageal cancer resection were divided into three groups with 15 cases each by random digits table: two lung ventilation group ( group A), OLV group (group B), HFJV- OLV group ( group C, working pressure 1 kg/cm2 and frequency 100 times/min). Venous blood samples were taken before induction (T0),at30min (T1),90min (T2),150min (T3) after OLV and the end of operation (T4) for measuring serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Results SOD was lower at T2-T4 in group B[(47 ± 10), (37 ±9), (41 ±7) kU/L] and group C[(58 ± 12), (51 ± 11), (49 ± 9) kU/L] than those in group A [(78 ±8), (75 ±7), (79 ±6) kU/L](P＜ 0.05),and MDA and NO were lower at T1-T4 in group B and group C than that in group A(P＜ 0.05). SOD was higher at T3 in group C than that in group B (P ＜ 0.05), MDA at T1-T4 and NO at T2-T4 were lower in group C than those in group B (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion HFJV can effectively decrease oxidative stress in patients during OLV.     

右美托咪定对单肺通气患者术中氧化应激的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定对单肺通气(OLV)所致氧化应激反应的影响.方法 将76例择期行食管癌根治术患者按随机数字表法分为右美托咪定组(DEX组)和对照组,每组38例.于开胸前(T0),OLV后30 min(T1)、60 min(T2)、90min(T3),手术结束(T4)时测定血清一氧化氮(NO)浓度、丙二醛(MDA)浓度以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 与T0时比较,T1～T4时两组血清SOD活性下降[DEX组:(67.9±11.2)、(57.8±9.3)、(49.2±9.0)、(56.4±6.5)kU/L比(78.5±10.3)kU/L;对照组:(62.1±12.1)、(46.3±8.7)、(31.6±7.1)、(40.2±6.2) kU/L比(80.2±9.8) kU/L],而NO及MDA浓度升高[DEX组:(30.4±4.7)、(40.5±5.8)、(51.6±7.6)、(57.2±6.8)μmol/L比(16.7±3.8)μmol/L,(7.9±2.4)、(10.1±2.6)、(19.6±2.9)、(18.8±2.1)μmol/L比(5.0±0.9) μmol/L；对照组:(31.6±3.9)、(49.8±6.3)、(61.5±8.2)、(68.3±7.3)μmol/L比(15.2±3.4)μmol/L,(9.6±3.3)、( 16.9±3.2)、(32.5±3.6)、(30.2±2.6)μmol/L比(5.3±0.8)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).两组T2～T4时血清NO、MDA浓度及SOD活性比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 围手术期持续输注右美托咪定在一定程度上能减轻OLV时氧化应激反应.     

呼气末正压对单肺通气患者围手术期肺功能的影响

目的 探讨呼气末正压(PEEP)对单肺通气患者术中动脉氧合和肺内分流及术后肺功能的影响.方法 40例肺功能正常、ASA分级I～Ⅱ级、择期行肺叶切除术患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和PEEP组,每组20例.所有患者经静脉麻醉快速诱导后行双腔气管导管插管并双肺通气,潮气量10ml/kg,呼吸频率12次/min.开胸后改为健侧肺单肺通气,潮气量6ml/kg,呼吸频率16～18次/min.对照组无PEEP,PEEP组加用5 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)PEEP.连续监测血流动力学和呼吸力学参数,并测定术前和术后72 h肺功能.结果 与单肺通气前比较,两组单肺通气30min动脉血氧分压、脉搏血氧饱和度、氧合指数均显著下降,肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)显著增加(P<0.01或<0.05),且对照组变化更显著(P<0.05).两组术后72 h第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值百分比(FEV1%)、用力肺活量(FVC)占预计值百分比(FVC%)、FEV1/FVC均较术前显著降低[对照组术前:(121.8±25.1)%、(117 2±24.3)%、(87.6±15.7)%,术后72 h:(84.9±21.6)%、(77.2±18.3)%、(70.5±12.5)%;PEEP组术前:(116 9±24.5)%、(112.1±23.6)%、(85.3±13.8)%,术后72h:(96.3±20.4)%、(881±19 8)%、(78.4±10.2)%](P<0.01或<005),且对照组变化更显著(P(0.05).结论 单肺通气期间加用适当的PEEP可增加动脉氧合、降低肺内分流、改善肺功能,从而降低围手术期患者低氧血症的发生和减轻单肺通气所致的肺损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on arterial oxygenation and intrapulmonary shunt during one-lung ventilation (OLV) and pulmonary function during perioperation. Methods Forty patients with normal pulmonary function,ASA I - II :scheduled for pulmonary lobectomy, were divided into control group and PEEP group by random digits table with 20 cases each. Patients were induced by double-lumen tubes under intravenous anesthesia and were received 10 ml/kg tidal volume, 12 frequents/min breathing rate during the two-lung ventilation (TLV), secondary reduced to 6 ml/kg tidal volume, 16-18 frequents/min breathing rate without PEEP (control group) or with 5 cm H2O cm H2O =0.098 kPa) PEEP (PEEP group) during OLV.Hemodynamics and respiratory mechanical parameters were continuously monitored, lung function before operation and at 72 h after operation was detected. Results Compared to before OLV,arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), oxygenation index (OI) were decreased and intrapulmonary shunt ratio (Qs/Qt) was increased in control group and PEEP group at 30 min after OLV (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). However,PaO2 and SpO2 and OI were higher and Qs/Qt was lower in PEEP group than that in control group at the same time point (P<0.05). In addition, FEV1%, FVC% and FEV1/FVC were (121.8 ± 25.0% ,(117.2 ± 24.3)% , (87.6 ± 15.7)%before operation and (84.9 ± 21.6)%, (77.2 ± 18.3)% , (70.5 ± 12.5)% at 72 h after operation respectively in control group, (116.9 ±24.5)% , (112.1 ±23.6)% , (85.3 ± 13.8)% before operation and (96.3 ± 20.4)%, (88.1 ± 19.8)% , (78.4 ± 10.2)% at 72 h after operation respectively in PEEP group. Although decreased in control group and PEEP group at 72 h after operation comparing with preoperation (P< 0.01 or < 0.05 ), FEV1%, FVC% and FEV1/FVC were higher in PEEP group than those in control group at 72 h after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion Appropriate PEEP increases arterial oxygenation,reduces Qs/Qt and improves pulmonary function during OLV,reduces the risk of hypoxernia and lung injury induced by OLV during perioperation.     

还原型谷胱甘肽预处理对单肺通气患者围手术期炎性因子和自由基的影响

目的　探讨还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)预处理对单肺通气患者围手术期炎性因子和自由基的影响.方法选择30例择期行肺叶切除术的肺癌患者,按随机数字表法分为GSH组和对照组,每组15例.GSH组于麻醉诱导后单肺通气前静脉输注GSH　30　mg/kg,对照组静脉输注等量0.9％氯化钠.于麻醉诱导前(T0)、单肺通气30　min(T1)、单肺通气60　min(T2)、恢复双肺通气60　min(T3)和术后2　h(T4)采集桡动脉血,测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-8、丙二醛(MDA)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果T2～T4时两组MDA较T0时显著升高(P＜　0.05)[　GSH组T0～T4分别为(3.5±0.6)、(3.8±0.8)、(4.7±1.1)、(6.1±1.2)、(6.4±0.9)　mol/L;对照组T0～T4分别为(3.7±0.5)、(4.1±0.6)、(5.9±1.2)、(7.4±1.0)、(7.8±1.1)　mol/L],但GSH组显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).T2～T4时对照组SOD活性较T0时降低(P＜0.05),且低于GSH组(P＜0.05).T1～T4时两组TNF-α、IL-8较T0时显著升高(P＜0.05),但GSH组T2～T4时TNF-α及T1～T4时IL-8显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论　GSH　30　mg/kg预处理可减轻单肺通气患者肺的炎性反应及脂质过氧化程度.     

胸腔镜手术单肺通气期间非通气侧肺不同处理方法对动脉血氧合肺内分流的影响

目的观察胸腔镜手术单肺通气(OLV)期间非通气侧肺不同处理方法对动脉血氧合肺内分流的影响。方法将30例行胸腔镜手术的患者分为三组:A组将非通气侧肺的支气管导管旷置于大气中;B组向非通气侧肺的支气管导管吹氧;C组将非通气侧肺的支气管导管出口处接上一负压吸引管。在OLV前、OLV30min、OLV60min分别采动脉血做血气分析并计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)。结果动脉血氧分压(PaO2)在OLV60min时A组下降明显,B、C组与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Qs/Qt在OLV30min时B、C组与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),OLV60min时B、C组与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论B组与C组的非通气侧肺处理方法都能降低肺内分流,提高动脉血氧合能力,但C组的方法更方便胸腔镜手术术中的操作。     

谷胱甘肽对2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者血清氧化应激指标及感觉神经传导速度的影响

目的 观察2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者血清氧化应激相关指标的变化,探讨抗氧化剂--谷胱甘肽(GSH)对2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者的神经保护作用.方法 检测54例2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者(研究组)与30例健康体检者(对照组)血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;将54例2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者按随机数字表法分为GSH组和CON组,每组27例.GSH组予GSH 1.8 g/d,CON组予B族维生素治疗,均治疗14 d.分别检测两组治疗前后MDA含量、SOD活性、双侧胫后感觉神经传导速度(SCV).结果 研究组MDA含量(7.23 ±2.31) μmol/L和SOD活性(59.72±13.58) kU/L,对照组MDA含量(4.87 ±1.17)μmol/L和SOD活性(76.19 ± 7.55)kU/L,研究组MDA含量高于对照组,SOD活性低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);GSH组和CON组治疗后MDA含量下降,SOD活性升高,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但两组治疗后比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CON组治疗后SCV虽有上升但与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而GSH组治疗后SCV显著增加(P＜0.05),两组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者体内存在氧化应激反应,GSH抗氧化治疗可以改善受损神经,较传统的营养神经治疗有较好的神经保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the change of oxidalive stress indexes in the patients with diabetic perineuropathy (DPN), and investigate the protection role of glutathione (GSH) on neuroprotective effect. Methods The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) were detected in 54 cases with DPN (DPN group) and 30 cases of health examination (control group). Fifty-four cases with DPN were divided into GSH group (given basic treatment and GSH 1.8 g/d) and CON group(given basic treatment and B vitamin) with 27 cases each by random-digits table. After treatment of 2 weeks, the levels of SOD, MDA and SCV were compared. Results The levels of MDA in DPN group were significantly higher than those in control group, while the activity of SOD was significantly lower than that in control group [(7.23 ±2.31) μmol/L vs. (4.87 ± 1.17) μmol/L, (59.72 ± 13.58) kU/L vs. (76.19 ± 7.55 ) kU/L](P＜ 0.01). After treatment, the level of MDA was decreased and the activity of SOD was increased in GSH group and CON group (P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞ 0.05). After treatment, the level of SCV was significantly increased in GSH group,while there was no significant difference in CON group (P ＞0.05). Conclusions Oxidative stress exists in DPN patients. The antioxidant treatment with GSH can improve impaired nerve and has a better effect of nerve protection than classical nerve nutrition therapy.     

雷米芬太尼对全麻患者气管插管期平均动脉压、心率和QTc间期延长的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and QTc interval during tracheal intubation of general anesthesia patients. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ grade patients were selected and allocated to receive either saline (group C), remifentanil 0.50 μg/kg (group R1) or remifentanil 0.75 μg/kg(group R2) by random digits table with 25 cases in each, they were administrated as a bolus intravenous, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.10 μg/ (kg·min), 1 min before laryngoscopy. All patients received fentanyl 3 μg/kg,propofol 1.0 - 1.5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. The ECG.MAP and HR were recorded prior to induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 min following the start of drug intravenous of fentanyl and propofol with vecuronium (T1), 1 min following remifentanil or saline (T2), before laryngoscopy(T3), 30 s (T4), 2 min (T5) and 4 min (T6) after intubation. Results The QTc interval was significantly prolonged immediately following intubation in group C and group R1, but it remained stable in group R2, compared with the QTc interval just before laryngoscopy. In group R2, QTc interval was significantly shorter at T4-T6 compared to group C(P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). QTc interval significantly increased from baseline at T4 in group R1 and T4-T6 in group C (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). The number of patients with QTc interval ＞ 440 ms were significantly greater immediately following tracheal intubation in group C than that in group R2 [44% (11/25) vs. 12% (3/25)] (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions QTc interval increases following tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia using fentanyl and propofol. Intravenous of remifentanil attenuates the QTc interval prolongation associated with tracheal intubation. In addition, remifentanil decreases the hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.     

支气管堵塞器与双腔气管导管在单肺通气中对呼吸力学和血气影响的比较

目的 比较支气管堵塞器(BB)与双腔气管导管(DLT)在单肺通气中对呼吸力学和血气的影响.方法 将36例择期行肺叶切除术和食管癌根治术患者按投硬币法随机分为BB组(17例)和DLT组(19例).BB组完成单腔管插管后在纤维支气管镜引导下置入BB,DLT组完成插管后用纤维支气管镜检查确定DLT位置.摆好体位后记录两组双肺通气和单肺通气的气道峰压(Pmax)与肺动态顺应性(CLayn),单肺通气20 min后采动脉血,行动脉血气分析:动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2).结果 两组双肺通气时的Pmax和CLdyn比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单肺通气时BB组Pmax[(21.00 ±3.59)cm H2O,1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa]明显低于DLT组[(26.89 ±4.21)cm H2O](P＜0.05),CLdyn[(28.10 ±6.24)ml/cm H2O]明显高于DLT组[(24.00±7.13)ml/cm H2O](P＜0.05);两组单肺通气20min后PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 使用BB行单肺通气对呼吸力学参数的影响较使用DLT小,具有很好的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the influences between bronchial blocker (BB) and double lumen tube (DLT) in respiratory mechanics and blood gas in one lung ventilation. Methods Thirty-six patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy or radical operation of esophageal carcinoma were randomized into group BB (17 cases) and group DLT (19 cases). In group BB,BB was intubated under the guidance of a fibreoptic bronchoscope after intubation of single lumen tube; while in group DLT, the position of the tube was confirmed using fibreoptic bronchoscopy after intubation. The peek airway pressure (Pmax) and pulmonary dynamic compliance (CLdyn) during double lung ventilation and one lung ventilation were recorded in recumbent position. Blood samples were taken from, radial artery 20 min after one lung ventilation for blood gas analysis,partial pressure of oxygen in artery(PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery(PaCO2), saturation of arterial blood oxygen (SaO2) were recorded. Results No significant difference was found in Pmax and CLdyn between two groups during double lung ventilation,but Pmax was significantly lower in group BB [(21.00 ± 3.59) cm H2O,1 cm H2O = 0.098 kPa] than that in group DLT [(26.89 ±4.21) cm H2O] (P＜0.05), and CLdyn was greater in group BB [(28.10 ±6.24) ml/cm H2O] than that in group DLT [(24.00±7.13) ml/cm H2O ] (P ＜ 0.05); there were no significant differences in PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2 betweentwo groups during one lung ventilation (P＞ 0.05). Conclusion The influence to respiratory mechanics in one lung ventilation is smaller using BB than using DLT, BB has blocker well applicable value in clinics.     

矽肺患者氧化应激指标及外周血单核细胞NF-κB水平的变化

目的 观察矽肺患者氧化应激指标及外周血单核细胞NF-κB水平的变化,探讨矽肺发生发展的机制.方法 选择某铸造厂接触矽尘作业工龄在1年以上的工人200例为接尘组,该厂2008年住院及门诊随访的矽肺患者130例为矽肺组,32例0+病例为观察对象组,同时选择某酒店服务人员100例为对照组.分别测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力,一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),外周血单核细胞核蛋白中NF-κB水平.结果 与对照组比较,接尘组和矽肺组NO含量明显升高,SOD活力明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与对照组及接尘组比较,矽肺组T-AOC水平、NOS活力、MDA含量均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与对照组[(223.360±46.838)U/ml]比较,接尘组及矽肺组GSH-Px活力[(231.164±36.484)、(270.469±39.228)U/ml]明显升高,且矽肺组GSH-Px活力明显高于接尘组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).与观察对象组[(256.906±21.418)U/ml]和Ⅰ期矽肺组[(259.594±34.790)U/ml]比较,Ⅲ期矽肺组GSH-Px活力[(290.750±39.129)U/ml]明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组[(59.71±9.27)ng/L]比较,接尘组及矽肺组NF-κB水平[(72.06±9.12)、(85.25±11.64)ng/L]明显升高,且矽肺组NF-κB水平明显高于接尘组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).血清中GSH-Px活力与矽肺分期呈正相关(r=0.507,P＜0.01).外周血单核细胞核蛋白NF-κB水平与矽肺分期、年龄、GSH-Px活力、NO含量呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(r值分别为0.376、0.243、0.233、0.221,P＜0.01).结论 机体氧化和抗氧化系统的失衡与矽肺的发生发展有关,并与NF-κB的活化一致.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the change of indicators of oxidative stress in serum and NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with silicosis, and explore the mechanism of the development of silicosis. Methods The subjects were divided into (1) 200 workers exposed to SiO2 for at least 1 years in a foundry served as the dust-exposure group; (2) 130 cases with silicosis (Ⅰ phase silicosis 64 cases, Ⅱ phase 46 cases Ⅲ phase 20 cases) served as the silicosis goup; (3) 32 cases with 0+ phase silicosis in the foundry served as the observed group,(4)100 subjects from a hotel served as the control group. The serum including superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), lipid malondialdehyde (MDA) and NF-κB protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined, respectively. Results Compared with the control group,NO levels in dust-exposed group and silicosis group significantly increased, and SOD decreased significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Compared with the control group and dust-exposed group, T-AOC, NOS, MDA levels in silicosis group significantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). GSH-Px in dust-exposed group and silicosis group were (231.164±36.484) and (270.469±39.228)U/md, respectively which were significantly than that [(223.360±46.838) U/ml] in control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), and there was significant difference of GSHPx between the silicosis group and the dust-exposed group significantly (P＜0.01). GSH-Px level [(290.750±39.129) U/ml] in Ⅲ phase silicosis group were significantly higher than those [(256.906±21.41) and (259.594±34.79) U/ml] in observation group and Ⅰ phase silicosis group (P＜0.05). NF-κB levels [(72.06±9.12) and (85.25±11.64) ng/L] in dust-exposed group and silicosis group were significantly higher than that [(59.71±9.27) ng/L] in control group (P＜0.01), and there was significant difference of between the silicosis group and the dust-exposed group (P＜0.01). There was a positive correlation between serum GSH-Px level and the silicosis stages (r=0.507,P＜0.0l). Also there was a positive correlation between NF-κB level and silicosis stages, age, GSH-Px or NO levels (r=0.376, 0.243, 0.233, 0.221, P＜0.01). Conclusion The imbalance of oxidative and anti-oxidation system and the activation of NF-κB are related with the occurrence and development of silicosis. The monitoring of oxidative stress indicators and NF-κB is beneficial to the prediction and prognosis assessment of silicosis.     

喉罩加高频喷射通气在颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中应用

目的 评价喉罩(LMA)与高频喷射通气(HFJV)在颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中联合应用的可行性及安全性.方法 选择34例颅内动脉瘤栓塞术患者,随机分成LMA联合HFJV组(A组)和常规全麻气管插管组(B组),各17例.分别于术前(T0)、诱导置入LMA(气管插管)后1 min(T1)、5 min(T2)、20min(T3)、苏醒拔除LMA(气管导管)时(T4)监测平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2),并记录苏醒时间以及动脉血气分析的变化.结果 诱导插管期:A组T1HR较T0升高不明显,MAP变化轻微;B组T1HR和MAP较T0有明显升高(P<0.05).麻醉维持期:A组MAP下降小于B组.术中用药:A组丙泊酚(3.16±1.34)mg/min、瑞芬太尼(9.35±2.17)μg/min,明显少于B组丙泊酚(4.29±2.41)mg/min,瑞芬太尼(17.38±5.46)μg/min(P<0.01).此外,A组T3时PETCO2(32.50±2.55)mmHg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)以及PaCO2(45.95±5.12)mm Hg与T2时PETCO2(40.43±2.12)mm Hg,PaCO2(57.01±1.29)mm Hg相比有所下降,而PaO2在T3时(147.75±22.89)mmHg较T2时(70.45±14.59)mm Hg明显升高(P<0.05).术后苏醒期:A组苏醒时间(4.12±2.56)min明显短于B组(11.27±5.48)min(P<0.01).结论 LMA与HFJV联合应用可减轻气管插管引起的捕管反应,降低动脉瘤破裂危险性,且通气功能维持良好.     

全凭静脉麻醉对胸腔镜手术患者单肺通气期间肺内分流和动脉血氧合的影响

目的观察全凭静脉麻醉对胸腔镜手术患者单肺通气期间肺内分流和动脉血氧合的影响。方法选择40例择期行胸腔镜手术的患者,随机分成两组（n=20）：全凭静脉麻醉组（A组）和静吸复合麻醉组（B组）。全麻诱导插管后,A组以异丙酚靶控输注,B组以七氟醚吸入,维持BIS在40～60,PetCO2在30～35mmHg范围内。观察并记录患者侧卧位双肺通气10min（TLV）、侧卧位单肺通气15min（OLV＋15）、30min（OLV＋30）,60min（OLV＋60）各时间点的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO：）和平均气道压（Paw）;在相应时间点抽取动脉血和右心房血进行血气分析,计算肺内分流率（Qs／Qt）;观察并记录患者发生低血压、心动过缓、低氧血症、苏醒延迟及苏醒期躁动等不良反应的发生情况。结果在OLV期间,两组患者的Qs／Qt明显增加,B组大于A组（34．2±5vs28．8±2;38．4±8VS32．1±6;37．1±2VS29．5±2）;两组患者的Pa02明显降低,但A组PaO2均大于B组（177±88vs125±63;150-4-65vs110±67;188±69vs128±52）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在OLV后15min、30min两时间点,A组患者的MAP低于B组（72±10VS88±14;74±12vs89±10）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组低血压、苏醒延迟的发生率高于B组（10例VS4例;9例vs2例）,B组苏醒期躁动的发生率高于A组（9例VS3例）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论与七氟醚静吸复合麻醉比较,异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉能有效减少胸腔镜手术患者单肺通气期间的肺内分流,改善动脉血氧合,有利于低氧血症的预防。     

Coopdech封堵支气管导管用于单肺通气手术的可行性

目的 评价Coopdech封堵支气管导管用于单肺通气(OLV)手术患者的效果.方法 选取需行OLV手术的患者40例,随机分为双腔支气管导管组(A组)和封堵支气管导管组(B组),每组各20例.比较两组患者插管时间、定位时间、术中肺萎陷情况、插管前后心率和血压变化及OLV时动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、pH值和气道压力(PAW)的变化.结果 B组插管时间、定位时间分别为(1.03±0.26)、(1.00±0.15)min,低于A组的(2.77±0.83)、(4.09±0.77)min;插管后A组平均动脉压、心率升高;OLV后30、60 min时B组PAW分别为(18.6±2.6)、(18.2±2.7)mbar,低于A组的(23.9±3.3)、(23.5±3.1)mbar,同时两组PaO2、SpO2、PaCO2、pH值比较差异无统计学意义.结论 Coopdech封堵支气管导管能够为临床手术提供有效的OLV.     

不同单肺通气模式对呼吸功能及七氟醚FA／FI的影响分析

目的：探讨不同单肺通气模式对于呼吸功能及七氟醚FA／FI的影响。方法：选取本院2012年1月-2014年1月45例行开胸肺叶切除并行单肺通气（OLV）的患者,按照随机数字表法分为A、B和C组各15例。A组行定容通气,B组行定压通气,C组行小潮气量联合PEEP通气。比较三组双肺通气（TLV）后10min以及OLV后20、45、70min时的生命体征以及气道压变化;OLV20min时,三组均予以吸入1．5％七氟醚20min,记录并比较三组肺泡七氟醚浓度以及吸入浓度比（FA／FI）。结果：OLV后,T2～T4时,三组的气道峰压均有所升高,但A、B两组均明显升高（P〈0．05）,三组肺顺应性均有所降低,其中A、c组均明显降低（P〈0．05）;三组肺内分流率均明显升高,但C组明显低于A、B组（P〈0．05）;三组动脉血氧分压均明显降低（P〈O．05）,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在初期8min内,B组的FA／FI明显高于c组,随着时间的延长,三组的FA／FI趋于一致。结论：在单肺通气状态下实施定压通气有利于提高患者的肺部顺应性,但对于麻醉药物的FA／FI无明显影响。     

Coopdech封堵支气管导管用于单肺通气手术的可行性

目的评价Coopdech封堵支气管导管用于单肺通气（OLV）手术患者的效果。方法选取需行OLV手术的患者40例,随机分为双腔支气管导管组（A组）和封堵支气管导管组（B组）,每组各20例。比较两组患者插管时间、定位时间、术中肺萎陷情况、插管前后心率和血压变化及OLV时动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）、pH值和气道压力（PAW）的变化。结果B组插管时间、定位时间分别为（1．03±0．26）、（1．00±0．15）min,低于A组的（2．77±0．83）、（4．09±0．77）min;插管后A组平均动脉压、心率升高;OLV后30、60min时B组PAW分别为（18．6±2．6）、（18．2±2．7）mbar,低于A组的（23．9±3．3）、（23．5±3．1）mbar,同时两组PaO2、SpO2、PaCO2、pH值比较差异无统计学意义。结论Coopdech封堵支气管导管能够为临床手术提供有效的OLV。     

乌司他丁对体外循环下中性粒细胞凋亡与呼吸爆发的影响

目的 观察体外循环(CPB)心脏手术患者中性粒细胞(PMN)凋亡、呼吸爆发的变化及乌司他丁对其影响.方法 选择在CPB下行瓣膜置换术患者62例,随机分成乌司他丁组(U组)和对照组(C组),每组各31例.U组患者于麻醉诱导后给予乌司他丁,C组患者则给予等容积的0.9%NaCI溶液.分别于麻醉后手术前(T1)、CPB开始后30 min(T2)、CPB停止后30 min(T3)抽取动脉血,分离PMN,检测PMN凋亡率,呼吸爆发以及血浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的水平.结果 C组PMN凋亡率在T1为(66.57±5.93)%,T2为(55.37±3.51)%,T3为(48.92±4.21)%,T2、T3均较T1显著降低(P<0.05),并于T3达最低值;U组PMN凋亡率在T1为(73.57±7.94)%,T2为(68.34±4.92)%,T3为(62.13±4.76)%,T2、T3均较T1显著降低(P<0.05),并于T3达最低值;C组PMN凋亡率显著低于U组(P<0.05).两组PMN呼吸爆发均表现为CPB开始后逐渐升高,T3达到峰值;U组T2(1105.94±84.15)MCF,T3(1156.52±93.20)MCF,与C组T2(1266.06±99.55)MCF,T3(1422.50±89.75)MCF比较明显降低(P<0.05).两组SOD均于手术开始后逐渐下降(P<0.05),C组T3SOD为(47.39±6.07)μU/L显著低于U组的(51.35±6.22)μU/L(P<0.05).两组MDA均于手术开始后逐渐升高(P<0.05),T3达高峰,C组为(13.72±1.15)μmol/L,U组为(8.40±0.88)μmoI/L,C组显著高于U组(P<0.05).结论 CPB引起PMN凋亡率降低、凋亡延迟,呼吸爆发增强,乌司他丁能有效地促进过度激活的PMN凋亡、抑制PMN呼吸爆发,提高SOD,降低MDA,减轻CPB对机体的炎性反应及氧化损伤,对机体具有保护作用.