原发性高血压患者合并低水平白蛋白尿与左室不良构型及舒张功能的关系

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者合并低水平白蛋白尿(晨尿白蛋白10～30mg/L)与左室构型及舒张功能的关系.方法 301例未经系统治疗的原发性高血压患者按晨尿白蛋白水平分为三组:正常组107例(晨尿白蛋白＜10 mg/L),低水平白蛋白尿组127例(晨尿白蛋白10～30 mg/L),微量白蛋白尿组67例(晨尿白蛋白＞30 mg/L).分别测量各组患者的血压、身高、体重,检测血肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、空腹血糖(FBG)、口服葡萄糖耐量试验2 h血糖(2hPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),并进行心脏超声检查,测量左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、室间隔厚度(IVST).多普勒超声心动图测定二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值(E)、舒张晚期血流速度峰值(A),计算E/A,并测定E峰减速时间(DT)和左室等容舒张时间(IVRT),评估左室舒张功能.根据公式计算左室质量指数(LVMI)、相对室壁厚度(RWT),比较各组LVMI、RWT、左室构型及左室舒张功能.结果 尿白蛋白水平与LVMI呈显著正相关(r=0.43,P＜0.01).低水平白蛋白尿组与正常组比较,IVST、LVPWT、RWT、LVMI均显著升高(P＜0.01),左室正常构型比例降低(P＜0.01),向心性重构、向心性肥厚发生率升高(P＜0.05),A升高(P＜0.05),E/A显著降低(P＜0.01).301例患者左室舒张功能不全发生率为28.6%(86/301),正常组、低水平白蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组左室舒张功能不全发生率分别为12.1%(13/107)、33.9%(43/127)及44.8%(30/67),微量白蛋白尿组、低水平白蛋白尿组左室舒张功能不全发生率均显著高于正常组(P＜0.01).结论 合并低水平白蛋白尿的原发性高血压患者左室不良构型及左室舒张功能不全发生率升高.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between low-grade albuminuria and unfavourable cardiac geometric adaptations and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in non-treated essential hypertensive(EH ) patients. Methods Three hundred and one patients of EH were divided into three groups acording to morning urine albumin concentration ( MU AC ): normoalbuminuria (NAU) group ( 107 cases,MUAC ＜ 10 mg/L) ;low-gradealbuminuria (LGAU) group ( 127 cases, MUAC 10-30 mg/L); microalbuminuria (MAU) group (67 cases, MUAC ＞ 30 mg/L). The blood pressure,body height and weight was measured for all the patients. The serum creatinine (SCr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA),fasting plasma glucose (FBG), plasma glucose 2 hours after oral glucose load (2hPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer.Echocardiogram exarmination was performed to detect left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) and interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole (IVST). Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure indicators of left ventricular diastolic function, including peak E velocity of mitral diastolic flow (E) and peak A velocity of mitral diastolic flow ( A ), calculated E/A, measured the deceleration time of peak E ( DT ), and isovolumic relaxation time (IV RT ).Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness(RWT) were calculated by formula, and LVMI,RWT,left ventricular configuration diastolic dysfunction was compared. Results The level of MUAC had positive relationship with LVMI (r = 0.43 ,P ＜ 0.01 ). Compared with that in NAU group, IVST, LVPWT,RWT, LVMI increased (P ＜ 0.01 ), the ratio of left ventricular normal configuration decreased (P ＜ 0.01 ), the incidence of concentric reconstitution, concentric hypertrophy increased (P ＜ 0.05 ), A increased (P ＜ 0.05 ),and E/A decreased (P ＜ 0.01 ) in LGAU group. The total incidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was 28.6%(86/301 ),12.1%(13/107),33.9%(43/127) and 44.8%(30/67)in NAU group,LGAU group and MAU group. The incidencerates of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in LGAU group and MAU group were higher than that in NAU group (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion LGAU is positively related to incidence of unfavourable cardiac geometric adaptations and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in EH patients.     

轻度原发性高血压患者左心几何和左室舒张功能变化

目的原发性高血压患者多数发生左室重塑,本研究探讨无重塑者左房、左室几何形状和左室舒张功能有无变化.方法顺序门诊或住院的男性患者,排除患有心瓣膜疾病、急性或陈旧性心肌梗死、扩张性心肌病及其他影响心脏结构疾病者及年龄小于35岁者.进行超声心动图检查,测量室间隔(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)和舒张末期横径(LVEDD)、左房前后径、长径、横径和面积、左室舒张早期二尖瓣峰值血流速度(EPV)和舒张晚期二尖瓣峰值血流速度(APV),计算后两者的比值(EPV/APV)、左室质量指数(LVMI)和相对室壁厚离(RWT).LVMI≥131g/m2或/和RWT≥0.44者不能进入本研究.余下的原发性高血压者进入无左室重塑原发性高血压组(简称无重塑组),无原发性高血压者进入正常对照组(简称对照组).组间比较行t检验.结果对照组共146例男性入选,156例男性原发性高血压患者入选无重塑组.无重塑组无论是IVST、LVPWT、LVEDD、LVMI及左房前后径、长径、横径和面积均大于对照组(P＜0.01),无重塑组EPV/APV比值明显小于对照组(P＜0.01),两组EPV无明显差异,APV差异明显(P＜0.01.结论与正常对照组者比较,无左室重塑的原发性高血压男性患者左房扩大、左室舒张功能受损.     

地塞米松在预防新生儿湿肺中的应用价值

目的 探讨足月选择性剖宫产中地塞米松对新生儿湿肺的预防效果.方法 按照随机数字表法将孕周＜39周足月选择性剖宫产孕妇200例分为试验组和对照组各100例,试验组产前予地塞米松24h至7 d,每次6mg肌肉注射,每12 h 1次,共4次.对照组予0.9%氯化钠肌肉注射,方法同上.采集两组孕妇的一般临床资料、新生儿湿肺的发生情况.结果 新生儿湿肺发生率:试验组1%(1/100),对照组9%(9/100);重症新生儿湿肺发生率:试验组1%(1/100),对照组2%(2/100);并发症:试验组0例,对照组1例.试验组新生儿湿肺发生率和重症新生儿湿肺发生率明显低于对照组(P=0.009、0.049),同时并发症少.结论 产前地塞米松干预足月选择性剖宫产孕妇,能减少新生儿湿肺的发生率,降低重症新生儿湿肺及并发症的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of the prenatal dexamethasone treatment on the preventionof wet lung syndrome in the newborn of elective caesarean section at term. Methods Two hundred cases of elective caesarean section at term (the gestation age was less than 39 weeks) were divided into observation group and control group,with 100 cases in each by random digits table. Observation group was treated with four intramuscular injections of 6 mg dexamethasone in the 24 hours to 7 days before delivery, and control group was treated with 0.9% sodium chloride injection with the same method. The clinical data and the incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn were collected. Results The incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn was 1%(1/100) in observation group and 9%(9/100) in control group,and the incidence of the severity of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn was 1% ( 1/100) in observation group and 2%(2/100) in control group. There were no complication in observation group and 1 case in control group.The incidence and the severity of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn in observation group were less than that in control group significantly (P = 0.009,0.049). Conclusion Prenatal dexamethasone treatment can reduce the incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn and decrease the incidence of the severity and complication of elective caesarean section at term.     

高血压患者血压晨峰与心室重塑、肾损伤的相关性研究

目的 探讨高血压患者血压晨峰与左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)、舒张期左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左室质量指数(LVMI)及血清尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)及尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)、α₁-微球蛋白(α₁-MG)的相关性,为后期疾病的临床治疗提供参考。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年12月吉林市人民医院收治的128例原发性高血压患者作为研究对象,对其进行24 h动态血压监测,根据监测结果分为对照组(68例,无血压晨峰)和观察组(60例,有血压晨峰)。比较两组患者白天平均收缩压(dSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、24 h平均收缩压(24 h SBP)、白天平均舒张压(dDBP)、夜间平均舒张压(nDBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24 h DBP)、LVEDD、IVST、LVPWT、LVMI及血清BUN、SCr、Cys-C、GFR、尿mAlb、α₁-MG水平,采用Pearson相关性分析血压晨峰与心室重塑、肾功能指标的相关性。结果 观...     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死早期低血钾的临床意义

目的 探讨伴低血钾的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床特点和低血钾对预后的影响.方法 收集行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者216例,根据入院后即刻血钾水平分为A组(血钾＜3.5mmol/L,67例)和B组(血钾≥3.5mmol/L,149例).比较两组患者梗死部位、梗死相关血管及肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)峰值水平的差异,观察两组患者住院期间梗死后心绞痛、心律失常、心力衰竭及心脏性猝死的发生情况.结果 (1)A组广泛前壁、前壁梗死率和梗死相关血管为前降支率均高于B组[61.2%(41/67)比44.3%(66/149),55.2%(37/67)比38.9%(58/149)],差异有统计学意义(P=0.022、0.026).A组CK-MB、cTnT峰值高于B组[(194.39±101.27)μg/L比(115.35 ± 78.62) μg/L,(19.16 ± 11.48) μg/L比(9.07 ± 7.65) μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P=0.004、0.002).(2)A组左室射血分数低于B组(P=0.003),A组梗死后心绞痛、室性心动过速、心室颤动及心力衰竭的发生率[分别为 43.3%(29/67)、32.8%(22/67)、11.9%(8/67)、37.3%(25/67)]均高于B组[分别为24.8%(37/149)、18.1%(27/149)、4.0%(6/149)、20.8%(31/149)],差异有统计学意义(P=0.006、0.017、0.029、0.010).结论 低血钾与AMI患者的梗死部位、梗死相关血管有关,并影响患者的预后.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and hypokalemia and the effects of hypokalemia on prognosis. Methods Consecutive 216 cases with STEMI who underwent emergency PCI were divided into group A (serum potassium ＜ 3.5 mmol/L) and group B (serum potassium＞3.5 mmol/L). Infarct site, infarct interrelated artery, peak level of CK-MB and cTnT were compared between two groups. Post-infarctional angina pectoris, arrhythmia, heart failure and cardiac death were compared. Results (1 )The percentage of anterior wall myocardial infarction , left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [61.2%(41/67) vs. 44.3%(66/149),55.2%(37/67)vs. 38.9%(58/149),P = 0.022,0.026]. The peak levels of CK-MB and cTnT in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [(194.39 ± 101.27) μg/L vs. (115.35 ±78.62)μg/L,(19.16 ±11.48)μg/L vs. (9.07 ±7.65) μg/L,P = 0.004,0.002].(2)Left ventricular ejection fraction in group A was significant lower than that in group B (P - 0.003). The incidence rates of post-infarctional angina pectoris, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and heart failure were significantly higher in group A [43.3%(29/67),32.8%(22/67), 11.9%(8/67),37.3%(25/67)] than those in group B [24.8%(37/149),18.1%(27/149),4.0%(6/149),20.8%(31/149)](P = 0.006, 0.017, 0.029, 0.010). Conclusions Hypokalemia is associated with infarct site and infarct interrelated artery. Hypokalemia has bad effect on prognosis of STEMI.     

加巴喷丁对乳腺癌术后患者自控静脉镇痛的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of a single preoperative dose of gabapentin on buprenorphine patient controlled intravenous analgesia after modified radical mastectorny. Methods Sixty female patients,ASA physical starus Ⅰ and Ⅱ undergoing modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia were divided into two groups of 30 each group by random digits table to receive either gabapentin 1200 mg (gabapentin group) or a matching placebo (control group), administered orally 2 h before the induction of anesthesia. Subjects received patient controlled intravenous buprenorphi(n)e analgesia during thepostoperative period. Fifty-three patients finished this study, 28 cases in control group,25 cases in gabapentin group. Postoperative pain (static and dynamic),postoperative nausea and vomiting,anxiety,sedation were assessed by pain visual analogue scale(VAS), four-point ordinal scale, anxiety visual analogue scale, Ramsay sedation scale respectively. Postoperative buprenorphine consumption and time to first patient controlled analgesia were observed. Results Postoperative VAS (static and dynamic) was lower in gabapentin group than that in control group (P ＜0.05). Postoperative buprenorphine consumption was (506.1 ±37.9)μg , time to first patient controlled analgesia was (21.1 ±2.3)min,incidence rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 40.0% (10/25), antemetic rate was 12.0% (3/25), grade of anxiety was (28.5 ± 12.1) scores in gabapentin group, (699.8 ± 87.8)μ g, (4.3 ±0.8) min,64.3% (18/28),32.1%(9/28) and (66.3±15.7) scores in control group respectively. There were significant differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion A single preoperative oral dose of gabapentin 1200 mg can effectively attenuate postoperative pain,reduce the consumption of buprenorphine,decrease the incidence rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting,improve patients' anxiety in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia.     

餐后血糖水平与冠心病发生的相关性

目的 探讨餐后血糖水平与冠心病发生的相关性.方法 选择血糖水平异常并已行冠状动脉造影的患者85例,按血糖水平将患者分为三组:空腹血糖调节受损(IFG)组28例、糖耐量减低(IGT)组29例及糖尿病(DM)组28例,观察各组冠心病发生率及冠状动脉病变程度,分析三组患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)、血脂、血压、体重指数(BMI)的变化及与冠心病危险因素的相关性.结果 IGT组和DM组冠心病发生率[分别为79.3%(23/29)、85.7%(24/28)]明显高于IFG组[53.6%(15/28)](P＜0.01),DM组冠心病发生率高于IGT组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).IGT组和DM组2支病变、3支病变发生率均高于IFG组(P＜0.01),DM组2支病变、3支病变发生率高于IGT组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).IGT组、DM组CRP、CIMT、BMI、三酰甘油(TG)、收缩压(SBP)较IFG组明显升高(P＜0.01或＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)较IFG组明显降低(P＜0.01);DM组CRP、TG、SBP较IGT组升高(P＜0.05),其他指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);相关性分析表明,IGT组和DM组餐后2 h血糖与CRP、CIMT、BMI、TG呈显著正相关(P＜0.05或＜0.01),与HDL-C呈显著负相关(P＜0.05或＜0.01).结论 餐后高血糖与冠心病的发生、发展有密切关系,对于IGT患者应尽早予以干预治疗,可有效预防心血管事件的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the correlation between the level of postprandial blood glucose (PBG)and the incidence of coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods Eighty-five patients performed coronary angiography with abnormal blood glucose levels were divided into 3 groups according the blood glucose levels: impaired fasting glucose(IFG)group(28 cases), impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)group(29cases)and diabetes mellitus(DM)group(28 cases). The detection rate and the extent of CAD were observed. The risk factors of CAD in 3 groups such as C-reactive protein(CRP),carotid artery intima-media thickness(CIMT), blood lipids, blood pressure, body mass index(BMI)and the correlation with CAD were analyzed. Results Sixty-two cases were confirmed CAD by coronary angiography. The incidence rate of CAD in IGT group[79.3%(23/29)]and DM group[85.7%(24/28)]was significantly higher than that in IFG group[53.6%(15/28)](P ＜ 0.01). The incidence rate of CAD in DM group was higher than that in IGT group, but there was no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05). The incidence rate of two-lesion and three-lesion in IGT group and DM group were significantly higher than those in IFG group(P＜ 0.01). The incidence rate of two-lesion and three-lesion in DM group were higher than those in IGT group, but there was no significant difference(P＞0.05). The levels of CRP, CIMT, BMI, triacylglycerol(TG)and systolic blood pressure(SBP)were higher and HDL-C was lower in IGT group and DM group than those in IFG group(P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The levels of CRP,TG and SBP were higher in DM group than those in IGT group(P＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed, in IGT group and DM group,2 h PG had significantly positive correlation with CRP, CIMT,B MI, TG(P＜0.05 or＜0.01), and had significantly negative correlation with HDL-C(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).Conclusions PBG is closely related with the development of CAD.IGT patients should be intervened as early as possible, which can be effective in preventing cardiovascular events.     

ENPP1基因多态位点与左心室肥厚的关系研究

Objective To examine the association between genetic polymorphism of rs1409181 in ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among older Chinese in Guangzhou. Methods 390 subjects aged ≥50 years were randomly selected from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-CVD. Information on personal history, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and lipids were collected. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the indicators of LVH, including left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (LVIDD) , thickness of the interventricular septum diastolic wall (IVSD) and the posterior wall diastolic diameter (LVPWD). LVIDD was calculated using Devereux ventricular mass (LVM)equation while the Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) equation was used to estimate LVH. The genotype of rs1409181 was determined by Taqman SNP genotyping kits using the ABI 7900HT real time PCR system. Results In the GG, CG and CC genotype groups, the proportions of LVH were 21.5%, 28.2% and 37.5% respectively. Compared with GG, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the LVH were 1.39(0.78-2.50) and 2.36(1.21-4.60) for CG genotype and CC genotype of ENPP1 respectively (P for trend=0.01). Conclusion Polymorphism of ENPP1 gene rs1409181 was associated with LVH in the older Chinese people in Guangzhou.     

ENPP1基因多态位点与左心室肥厚的关系研究

Objective To examine the association between genetic polymorphism of rs1409181 in ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among older Chinese in Guangzhou. Methods 390 subjects aged ≥50 years were randomly selected from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-CVD. Information on personal history, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and lipids were collected. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the indicators of LVH, including left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (LVIDD) , thickness of the interventricular septum diastolic wall (IVSD) and the posterior wall diastolic diameter (LVPWD). LVIDD was calculated using Devereux ventricular mass (LVM)equation while the Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) equation was used to estimate LVH. The genotype of rs1409181 was determined by Taqman SNP genotyping kits using the ABI 7900HT real time PCR system. Results In the GG, CG and CC genotype groups, the proportions of LVH were 21.5%, 28.2% and 37.5% respectively. Compared with GG, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the LVH were 1.39(0.78-2.50) and 2.36(1.21-4.60) for CG genotype and CC genotype of ENPP1 respectively (P for trend=0.01). Conclusion Polymorphism of ENPP1 gene rs1409181 was associated with LVH in the older Chinese people in Guangzhou.     

早期肠内营养对高血压性脑出血患者医院获得性肺炎的影响

目的 探讨早期肠内营养(EN)对重症高血压性脑出血患者医院获得性肺炎(HAP)的临床价值.方法 将140例重症高血压性脑出血患者按随机数字表法分成治疗组和对照组,治疗组(70例)术后48 h开始EN支持.对照组(70例)术后第2天开始全胃肠外营养(TPN)支持.观察两组HAP发生率、HAP持续时间、肺部二重感染发生率、呼吸机使用率、呼吸机使用时间以及HAP病死率.结果 治疗组HAP发生率、肺部二重感染发生率、呼吸机使用率分别为30.0%(21/70)、12.9%(9/70)、35.7%(25/70),显著低于对照组的47.1%(33/70)、27.1%(19/70)、47.1%(33/70)(P＜0.05);治疗组HAP持续时间、呼吸机使用时间分别为(6.4±2.3)、(6.4±0.5)d,显著短于对照组的(15.6±2.1)、(11.4±0.3)d(P＜0.01或＜0.05).治疗组HAP病死率(8.6%,6/70)显著低于对照组(18.6%,13/70)(P＜0.05).结论 早期EN不仅能有效降低重症高血压性脑出血患者HAP和肺部二重感染的发生率,还可以降低呼吸机使用率,缩短呼吸机使用时间,最终缩短了HAP的治疗时间,降低了HAP的病死率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical value of early enteral nutrition (EN) on hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) in postoperative patients with severe hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods One hundred and forty postoperative patients with severe hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were divided into treatment group (70 cases) and controll group (70 cases) by random digits table. The treatment group was given EN from the second day after operation, while the control group was given total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The incidence and duration of HAP,the incidence of superinfection,the percent and duration of mechanical ventilation and the mortality rate of HAP was observed. Results The incidence of HAP, superinfection and using mechanical ventilation in treatment group [30.0% (21/70), 12.9% (9/70),35.7%(25/70)] were significantly lower than those in control group [47.1%(33/70) ,27.1%(19/70) ,47.1%( 33/70 )] (P ＜ 0.05 ). The duration of HAP and using mechanical ventilation in treatment group[(6.4 ± 2.3 ),(6.4 ± 0.5 ) d] were significantly lower than those in control group [( 15.6 ± 2.1 ), ( 11.4 ± 0.3 ) d] (P ＜ 0.01or ＜ 0.05 ). The mortality rate of HAP in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group [8.6% (6/70) vs. 18.6% (13/70),P ＜0.05]. Conclusion Early EN not only effectively decreases the incidence of HAP and superinfection,but also decreases the incidence of mechanical ventilation, shortens the duration of mechanical ventilation and decreases the mortality rate of HAP.     

家族史对高血压患者血压正常子女左心结构及舒张功能的影响

目的 利用超声心动图技术探讨家族史对高血压患者血压正常子女的左心结构及舒张功能的影响.方法 血压正常者100例,其中无高血压家族史者50例(对照组),有高血压家族史者50例(试验组).分别行M型、二维超声及多普勒组织成像(DTI)检测左心结构及舒张功能,比较两组间的差异.结果试验组舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)及舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)均高于对照组,二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度(e)及e与二尖瓣环舒张晚期运动速度(a)比值(e/a)较对照组减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组之间主动脉根部内径(AOD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVlDed)、左心房内径(LA)及二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值(E)、左心房收缩期血流速度峰值(A)、E/A比较差异无统计学意义.结论 高血压患者血压正常子女可以出现左心结构及舒张功能变化.且可在高血压出现之前发生,家族史对其发生有一定影响.     

慢性肾脏病患者Hcy水平与IMT及左室结构关系的临床研究

目的观察不同同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平的慢性肾脏病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）及反映心脏结构的各项指标间的差异,了解慢性肾脏病患者Hcy与反映大动脉粥样硬化指标IMT及反映心脏结构的各项参数间关系。方法测定66例慢性肾脏病患者和32例对照组血Hcy、SCr水平,同时进行颈动脉和心脏彩色多普勒超声检查,并进行收缩压、舒张压测定。结果与对照组相比,肾病组（无论Hcy正常与否）,IMT、LVEDd、LVMI均增加,Hcy增高肾病组较对照组LVPWT、IVST亦增高（P值分别为0.042、0.017）,具统计学差异。与Hcy正常肾病组相比,Hcy增高肾病组IMT及反映左室结构的各项指标（LVEDd、LVPWT、LVMI、IVST）均明显增高,有统计学差异。线性相关分析显示血浆Hcy与IMT、LVEDd、LVMI相关。结论高Hcy血症慢性肾病患者,存在动脉粥样硬化程度及左室结构异常加剧情况,预示着心血管事件的发生率增高。     

成年人小主动脉瓣环者机械瓣膜置换术后远期疗效

目的 探讨成年人小主动脉瓣环者机械瓣膜置换术后的远期疗效,以指导临床实践.方法 2003年7月至2005年2月对36例小主动脉瓣环(直径≤19mm)的成年患者行人工机械瓣膜置换术.分别采用改良Manougnian法瓣环扩大后植入23 mm CarboMedics机械瓣膜14例(CM组);瓣环上主动脉瓣置换法直接植入19 mm CarboMedics Top Hat Supra-Annular Aortic机械瓣膜22例(CMSA组),于术前和术后6年评价两组患者的心功能,超声心动图检测左心室舒张末内径(LVDD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、收缩期主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差(PGav)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS),计算左心室射血分数.并抽取20例健康成年人的超声心动图数据作为对照组,对三组资料进行对比分析.结果 术后6年与术前比较,除CMSA组的IVST[(10.37±2.06)mm比(11.03±2.45)mm]和LVPWT[(10.53±2.18)mm比(11.24±3.09)mm]差异无统计学意义外,CMSA组的心功能分级、LVDD、PGav、LVEF、LVFS和CM组的全部检测指标均较术前有不同程度改·善(P＜ 0.01或＜0.05).术后6年CM组的PGav较CMSA组下降更明显[(9.24±5.93)mm Hg(1mmHg=0.133 kPa)比(24.30±12.50)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05);CM组术后6年各项指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而CMSA组的IVST、LVPWT、PGav与对照组比较差异仍有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 成年人小主动脉瓣环者机械瓣膜置换术后远期左心室功能多恢复良好,但行瓣环扩大术应植入较大内径的瓣膜,将有利于左心室形态的逆转.     

高血压儿童心血管结构和功能早期改变的病例对照研究

目的 比较原发性高血压及血压正常儿童的心血管结构和功能情况, 分析原发性高血压儿童心血管结构及功能的早期改变及其影响因素。方法 对经过非同日3个时点电子血压计筛查的213名6～18岁原发性高血压儿童(病例组)检测心脏结构和血管功能, 并采用性别、年龄成组匹配, 以197名血压正常儿童为对照组进行病例对照分析。结果 (1)病例组左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、收缩末期内径(LVESd)、左心室质量(LVM)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)均高于对照组(均P<0.05), 但两组间颈动脉内膜中层厚度(cIMT)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)、踝-臂脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。(2)不同年龄及肥胖程度儿童中, 病例组LVEDd、 LVESd、LVM、LVMI均高于对照组(均P<0.05), 但两组间cIMT、RWT的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);而baPWV在低年龄儿童中, 病例组检测值低于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)多元线性回归发现, 高血压是LVMI的主要影响因素, 而RWT的主要影响因素是年龄和BMI。结论 无临床症状的低龄高血压儿童已发生左心室重构, 但尚未发现血管结构和功能的改变。     

福辛普利对慢性肾脏病患者左心室肥厚的影响

目的探讨福辛普利对慢性肾脏病(CKD)合并高血压伴左心肥厚(LVH)的干预作用。方法CKD1~3期患者53例,全部患者血压≥140/90mmHg,并经超声心动图证实存在LVH。应用福辛普利5~20mg/d,血压控制在<140/90mmHg,总疗程12个月,治疗前后测量血压、测定24小时尿蛋白定量(24HUPQ)和用彩色多普勒检测左室相关数据。结果福辛普利治疗前后比较,收缩压、舒张压显著下降(p<0.01),24HUPQ明显减少(p<0.05),舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)及舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)显著改善(p<0.01),舒张末期左心室腔内径(LVDD)及左心室重量指数(LVMI)明显改善(p<0.05)。结论应用福辛普利治疗CKD合并高血压伴LVH患者能显著降低血压,减轻LVH,减少尿蛋白,具有良好的心、肾保护作用。     

儿童青少年原发性高血压左心室结构和功能的研究

目的 探讨儿童青少年原发性高血压左心室结构及心功能的特点, 为有效防治提供参考依据。方法 以超声心动图测量37名原发性高血压患儿心脏结构和功能各项指标, 并与42例健康儿童为对照组作比较分析。结果 原发性高血压组患儿左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心室后壁舒张末期厚度、室间隔舒张末期厚度、左心室质量、左心室质量指数较较对照组显著增高(P＜0.05), 左心室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率较对照组降低(P＜0.05)。舒张早期峰值血流速度(E峰)较对照组下降(P＞0.05), 舒张晚期峰值血流速度(A峰)上升(P＜0.05), E/A显著下降(P＜0.05)。9例患儿存在左心室肥厚, 1例出现向心性重构。结论 在儿童原发性高血压病中, 心脏作为病变受累的靶器官, 已存在结构和功能的异常改变。     

坎地沙坦酯联合苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平对高血压患者靶器官保护作用的研究

目的 探讨坎地沙坦酯联合苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗高血压的疗效及对靶器官保护作用的研究.方法 2011年2月至2013年7月122例原发性高血压合并蛋白尿的患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组（61例）和对照组（61例）.两组患者均给予坎地沙坦酯片8 mg/d治疗,观察组在此基础上加用苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平2.5 mg/d.治疗6个月后观察两组血压水平、颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、左室后壁厚度（LVPWT）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室质量指数（LVMI）和肾功能各项指标的差异.结果 治疗后6个月,观察组总有效率为86.9％（53/61）,对照组为72.1％（44/61）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组治疗后收缩压和舒张压均较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组治疗后收缩压和舒张压均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组治疗后IVST、LVEDD、LVPWT、LVMI、颈动脉IMT均较治疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组治疗后IVST、LVEDD、LVPWT、LVMI、颈动脉IMT明显低于对照组[（8.5±1.3）mm比（9.2±1.2） mm、（39.6±4.8） mm比（44.3±3.9） mm、（8.4±1.4） mm比（9.1±1.3）mm、（89.4±9.3） g/m2比（97.3±8.9） g/m2、（8.3±0.3） mm比（8.7±0.5）mm],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组治疗后尿素氮水平与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,血清肌酐（SCr）、内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）、24 h尿白蛋白总量、尿微量白蛋白较治疗前显著改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）;观察组治疗后SCr、Ccr、24 h尿白蛋白总量、尿微量白蛋白较对照组改善更明显[（94.6±25.5）μmol/L比（118.5±38.4） μmol/L、（102±24） ml/min比（96±18） ml/min、（1.05±0.51） mg/24 h比（1.27±0.22）mg/24 h、（155±36） mg/L比（185±41） mg/L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 坎地沙坦酯联合苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平降压效果优于单药治疗,联合用药在逆转左室肥厚、改善颈动脉IMT、保护肾功能、降低尿蛋白方面效果显著,无明显不良反应,值得临床推广应用.     

左卡尼汀和曲美他嗪联合治疗对维持性血液透析患者左心室重塑的影响

目的 通过对维持性血液透析(MHD)合并心血管疾病患者采用左卡尼汀和曲美他嗪联合治疗,评估其对MHD患者左心室重塑的影响.方法 选择透析龄≥3个月的MHD患者86例,已排除急性感染及其他活动性疾病,按照接受血液透析治疗的时间分为两组:患者治疗组(46例),每次透析结束后,静脉注射左卡尼汀1.0 g,3次/周,同时口服曲美他嗪20 mg,3次/d,疗程6个月;患者对照组(40例),不用左卡尼汀和曲美他嗪.分别检测治疗前后患者的血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)、游离肉碱(FC)和超声心动图以及血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素(IL).1β、IL-β、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)等.另选择健康对照组40例.结果 治疗前,患者治疗组和患者对照组血清FFA、hs-CRP、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-αβ、MDA水平均显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05或<0.01),FC、GSHPx、SOD水平均显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05或<0.01);治疗6个月后与治疗前比较,患者治疗组FFA、hs-CRP、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平均显著下降(P<0.05或<0.01),FC、GSHPx、SOD水平均显著升高(P<0.05或<0.01);治疗6个月后与治疗前比较,患者治疗组的左房内径、左室舒张末内径、室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室心肌质量指数均显著下降(P<0.05),左室射血分数显著升高(P<0.05);患者对照组以上各项指标治疗前后均无明显变化,治疗6个月后患者治疗组与患者对照组以上各项指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01).结论 联合应用左卡尼汀和曲美他嗪可明显纠正MHD患者的高FFA血症和肉碱缺乏症以及微炎性反应和氧化应激状态,从而改善患者的左心室重塑.     

三维斑点追踪超声心动图技术与不同程度主动脉瓣狭窄患者左室功能及危险分层的关系

目的:研究三维斑点追踪超声心动图(3D-STE)技术与不同程度主动脉瓣狭窄患者左室功能及危险分层的关系。方法:选取在医院治疗的74例主动脉瓣狭窄患者纳入观察组,另选取74名健康体检者纳入健康对照组。观察两组以及不同严重程度患者的超声检查结果之间的差异,分析超声指标与疾病严重程度之间的相关性。结果:观察组患者的左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)、舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、整体径向应变(GRS)、总体纵向应变(GLS)、3D应变率和环向应变率分别低于健康对照组,左心室射血分数(LVEF)、旋转、扭曲和扭矩分别高于对照组。随着患者的病情加重,观察组LAD、LVEDD、IVST、LVPWT、GRS、GLS、3D应变率和环向应变率显著下降,LVEF、旋转、扭曲和扭矩显著升高。观察组患者的主动脉瓣狭窄情况与LAD、LVEDD、IVST、LVPWT、GRS、GLS、3D应变率和环向应变率呈现负相关,差异有统计学意义(r=-0.263,r=-0.251,r=-0.364,r=-0.394,r=-0.349,r=-0.397,r=-0.197,r=-0.641;P<0.05);与LVEF、旋转、扭曲及扭矩呈现正相关,差异有统计学意义(r=0.249,r=0.547,r=0.597,r=0.339;P<0.05)。结论:3D-STE技术对于患者的心肌生物力学特征以及心脏各个方向的运动指标改变具有显著的优势,对于主动脉瓣狭窄患者由于代偿功能无法完成时的心脏改变具有鉴别功能,有效提高早期疾病的鉴别能力。