舒芬太尼用于蛛网膜下隙阻滞分娩镇痛量效关系的临床研究

目的 观察不同剂量舒芬太尼用于蛛网膜下隙阻滞分娩镇痛的效果及安全性.方法 100例健康单胎初产妇(ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)按随机数字表法分为A、B、C、D、E五组,每组20例.五组行蛛网膜下隙阻滞时舒芬太尼剂量分别为3、4、5、6、7μg,同时均复合罗哌卡因3 mg.记录五组产妇蛛网膜下隙阻滞起效时间及维持时间;注药前及注药后5、15、30、60 rmin的视觉模拟评分(VAS)及生命体征;产程、分娩方式及不良反应;胎儿胎心率和新生儿1、5 min Apgar评分.结果 A组蛛网膜下隙阻滞起效时间长于B、C、D、E组;A、B组维持时间短于C、D、E组.五组注药后5、15、30、60minVAS均较注药前明显降低(P＜0.01);B、C、D、E组注药后5minVAS低于A组(P＜0.05),C、D、E组注药后60minVAS低于A、B组(P＜0.05).五组产妇生命体征、产程、分娩方式,胎儿胎心率和新生儿Apgar评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).D、E组皮肤瘙痒、恶心发生率[D组为25%(5/20)和15%(3/20),E组为40%(8/20)和20%(4/20)]明显高于A、B、C组[A组为5%(1/20)和0,B组为10%(2/20)和0,C组为10%(2/20)和0](P＜0.05).结论 4～6μg舒芬太尼复合3 mg罗哌卡因用于蛛网膜下隙阻滞分娩镇痛安全可靠,尤以5μg舒芬太尼复合3 mg罗哌卡因最理想.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect and safety of different doses of sufentanil plus subarachnoid block during labor. Methods One hundred parturients (single birth) were divided into 5groups by random digits table with 20 cases in each, which sufentanil 3,4,5,6,7 μ g in group A, B, C, D, E plus ropivacaine 3 mg were injected respectively into subarachnoid space. The onset and duration of subarachnoid analgesia were observed; visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded respectively before injection and 5,15,30,60 min after injection; the vital sign,labor stage,labor type,adverse reactions of parturients,fetal heart rate (FHR) and the Apgar score at 1,5 min of neonate were recorded respectively.Results The onset of subarachnoid analgesia in group A was higher than that in group B,C, D,E;the duration of subarachnoid analgesia in group A,B was shorter than that in group C,D,E.VAS declined gradually 5,15,30,60 min after injection compared with before injection in 5 groups (P ＜ 0.01 );VAS in group B, C, D, E was lower than that in group A at 5 min after injection (P ＜ 0.05 ), and VAS in group C, D, E was lower than that in group A,B at 60 min after injection (P＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in vital sign,labor stage,labor type,FHR and the Apgar score of neonate among 5 groups (P ＞0.05). The occurrence of itch of skin and nausea in group D,E [25%(5/20), 15%(3/20) in group D,and 40%(8/20),20%(4/20) in group E] was higher than that in group A, B, C [5%(1/20), 0 in group A, 10%(2/20), 0 in group B, 10% (2/20), 0 in group C] (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Subarachnoid block (sufentanil 4-6 μ g +ropivacaine 3 mg) can offer safety and efficacy of labor analgesia; sufentanil 5 μg is the best dose with subarachnoid block during labor at present.     

胸科手术多模式镇痛的临床观察

目的 探讨硬膜外利多卡因联合静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠,术后患者自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)多模式镇痛对胸科手术术后疼痛的影响.方法 选择行胸科手术患者90例,按随机数字表法分为甲、乙、丙三组,每组30例.甲组切皮前5 min硬膜外给予1%利多卡因5ml,关胸时静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;乙组切皮前5 min硬膜外给予1%利多卡因5 ml,关胸时静脉注射0.9%氯化钠2 ml;丙组切皮前5 min硬膜外给予0.9%氯化钠5 ml,关胸时静脉注射0.9%氯化钠2 ml.三组术后均给予PCEA.观察三组患者术后多时点血流动力学指标,静态和动态视觉模拟评分(VAS),瑞芬太尼用量,术后疼痛开始时间,PCEA 48h内用药量,哌替啶使用率,患者和医护人员对镇痛的满意度.结果 甲、乙组瑞芬太尼用量[(0.72±0.26)、(0.84±1.20)μg/(kg·min)]明显少于丙组[(1.80 ±0.84)μg/(kg·min)](P<0.05);甲、乙组术后疼痛开始时间[(35.00±2.78)、(12.09±6.27)min]显著晚于丙组[(5.95±3.65) min](P<0.05);PCEA 48 h内用药量三组依次递增[(180.40±20.48)、(192.54±40.15)、(220.26±36.78)ml](P<0.05);而三组血流动力学指标及静态VAS比较差异均无统计学意义;甲组术后即刻、1 h时动态VAS与乙、丙组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);甲组患者及医护人员对镇痛满意度较高.结论 硬膜外给予1%利多卡因联合静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg、术后PCEA对缓解胸科手术术后疼痛有效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of multiple-mode analgesia consists of epidural administration of lidocaine,parecoxib intravenously and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on patients after thoracic surgeries. Methods Total 90 patients treated with thoracic surgeries were allocated into 3 groups by random digits table,each with 30 cases. Patients accepted 1% lidocaine 5 ml epidurally 5 min before incision in group A and B,and 5 ml saline as control in group C. When chest closing parecoxib 40 mg were given in group A,and 2 ml saline as control in group B and C. All the patients were given PCEA. Postoperative hemodynamics,dosage of remifentanil and analgetics of PCEA within 48 h, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, rescue of pethidine, duration for first pain calling,and satisfactory scores of patients, doctors and nurses were recorded. Results Dosage of remifentanil was lower [(0.72±0.26), (0.84±1.20) μg／(kg·min)], and duration for first pain calling was longer[(35.00±2.78),(12.09±6.27) min] in group A and B than that in group C significantly[(1.80±0.84) μ,g／(kg·min) and (5.95±3.65) min](P<0.05). Analgetics of PCEA with in 48 h in group A was lower than that in group B which was lower than that in group C[(180.40±20.48), (192.54±40.15), (220.26±36.78) ml](P< 0.05). No difference was found on VAS of pain and hemodynamics among three groups when patients were kept immobilized, but VAS of pain in group A and B was lower than that in group C when patients kept moving. Satisfactory scores of patients,doctors and nurses in group A were higher. Conclusion Epidural administration of 1% lidocaine combined with intravenous paiecoxib 40 mg and PCEA an offer satisfactory postoperative analgesia for patients after elective thoracic surgeries.     

硝酸甘油对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎ET/NO、TXA2/PGI2的影响

Objective To explore the effect of nitroglycerin on ET/NO, TXA2/PGI2 and pancreas pathomorphology changes in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats. Methods Sixty SD rats were random divided into five groups, including control group (A group, n = 12) and experimental group(B,C,D and E group, n = 12). The SAP was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate through retrograde common biliopancreatic ducts via duodenal papilla with epidural catheter. Group C, D and E were intravenously injected with nitroglycerin 0.5μg/kg/min,1μg/kg/min and 2μg/min in 30 min respectively, and group A and B was injected with Sodium Chloride 0.5ml. The indexes of changed pathomorphology and ET/NO, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a, were determined at the 6th and 12th hour after operations, respectively. Results The specimen data of the 6th and 12th hour displayed that the indexes of changed pathomorphology, ET, ET/NO, TXB2, and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a of the group C,D and E degraded respectively, compared to group B(P < 0.05). Conclusion The nitroglycerin could degrade ET, ET/NO,TXA2 and TXA2/PGI2, improve the microcirculation of pancreas, and delay the pathological inflammation change in SAP rats.     

高压氧联合化疗对卵巢上皮性癌疗效研究

Objective To discuss the therapentic efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen combined with PC program in newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Methods Fifty-eight patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were divided into two groups by random digits table: HBO group(30 cases) and PC group(28cases). HBO group were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen of 2 standard atmospheric pressure 60 min, then given chemotherapy 25-30 min after extravehicular: cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m2 + cisplatin 75 mg/m2.PC group with the same regimen without hyperbaric oxygen therapy were analyzed. The two groups were compared in the efficacy and 3-year survival rate, progression-free survival and adverse reactions. Results The total effective rate, not controlled rate, recurrence rate,recurrence time, 3-year survival rate in HBO group [83.3%(25/30),6.7%(2/30),33.3%(10/30), (21.0 ± 0.8) months,43.3%(13/30)] were better than those in PC group [67.9% (19/28), 17.9% (5/28), 46.4% (13/28), (18.0 ± 0.6) months, 17.9% (5/28)] (P ＜0.05), progression-free survival and overall survival time in HBO group were longer than those in PC group (P ＜0.05) and adverse reactions rate in HBO group was lower than that in PC group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The hyperbaric oxygen combined with PC programs are better than PC programs in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer chemotherapy response rate, progression-free survival time and 3-year survival rates in ovarian cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. HBO can significantly reduce the PC's hematological toxicity and toxicity of the digestive system.     

The curative effect of recombinant human interferon α-2b gel on flooding prevention in loop electrosurgical excision procedure

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human interferon α-2b gel on flooding prevention in loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) during and after the operation. Method The 152 patients with cervical disease were randomly divided into three groups: group A (recombinant human interferon α-2b gel treatment group), group B (hypophysin treatment group)and group C(control group). Results The amount of intraoperative bleeding and the amount of post-operative bleeding of the group A was (2.57±1.19) ml and (2.24±1.75) ml, the group B was (3.00±1.49) ml and (45.86± 26.14) hal, the group C was (45.62±39.57) ml and (56.90±41.90) ml, respectively. There was no difference between group A and group B in the amount of intraoperative bleeding (P>0.05), but significantly less than group C (P<0.01). There was no difference between group B and group C in the amount of post-operative bleeding (P>0.05), but significantly much more than group A (P<0.01). Conclusion Recombinant human interferon α-2b gel is effective on reducing intraoperative and post-operative bleeding in LEEP.     

利尿剂在三聚氰胺及三聚氰酸致大鼠急性肾损伤中的治疗作用

Objective To investigate the effect of diuretic (furosemide) therapy on kidney injury induced by melamine and cyanuric acid in rats. Methods 36 male Spragne Dawley rats were random disided into 3 groups. Group A was treated with 2mL of water daily, group B was treated with melamine and cyanuric acid ( each 100 mg/kg) daily for 4 days and then 2ml of water daily, group C was treated with the same as group B at the first 4 days and then treatment with furosemide (20mg/kg) daily. Samples of blood and 24h urine were collected to detective biochemical indexes, and kidney sections were performed on days 4 and 11 ( each end point, n = 6). The kidneys were observed with histopathology and renal crystal deposition scores were determined. Results On the 4th day, group B and group C were resulted in acute kidney injury such as oliguria [ ( 3. 39 ± 1.02 ) ml, ( 3. 20 ± 0. 86 ) ml ] and high serum creatinine [ ( 153.54 ±27. 08)μmol/L, (160. 11 ± 19. 55)μmol/L] and renal melamine cyanurate crystal were found in the renal tissues. On the 11th day, the renal crystal deposition score in the rats was reduced by 9. 52% ( P >0. 05). Compared with those of the 4th day in group B, it reduced by 63.63%( P <0.05) in group C. Urine volume were increased significantly compared with those of the 4th day( P < 0. 05 ) in group C [ from (3.20±0. 86)ml to (25.96 ±5.97)ml] and group B [ from(3. 39 ± 1.02)ml to (8. 57 ± 1.66)ml] , and Urine volume in group C was increased significantly more than that in group B ( P < 0. 05 ). The serum creatinine was obviously reduced as compared with those of the 4th day in group B and C( P <0.05), from[ (153. 54±27.08) μmol/L] to [ ( 106. 10 ±5.53) μmol/L] in group B and from [ ( 160. 11 ± 19. 55) μmol/L] to [ (67. 17 ± 12. 80 ) μmol/L] in group C, but the serum creatinine in group B was still higher than that in group A and C ( P < 0. 05). Conclusions Furosemide can attenuate the damage of acute kidney injury induced by melamine and cyanuric acid.     

丹参注射液与异甘草酸镁抗肝纤维化的临床对比研究

Objective To observe the change of liver function and liver fibrosis indexes of the chronic hepatitis B patients that were treated by Danshen injection(DI) and magnesium isnglyeyrrhizinate(MI). Methods 80 chronic hepati-tis B patients based on the conventional treatment were randomly divided into D1 group(40 patients) and MI group(40 pa-tients). The two groups were used with DI and MI injection for 30 days respaetively and then,the levels of liver function and serum hepatic fibrosis(HA, LN, Ⅳ -C) were detected and compared before and after treatment. Results Treatment by DI and MI could both improve liver function significantly, the effect of Ml group was better than DI group(P < 0.05). Moreover, in improving serum hepatic fibrosis, the effect of DI group was better than MI group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The efficacy of the improvement to hepatic fibrosis DI is better than MI, while in improvement of liver function MI is superior to DI.     

丹参注射液与异甘草酸镁抗肝纤维化的临床对比研究

Objective To observe the change of liver function and liver fibrosis indexes of the chronic hepatitis B patients that were treated by Danshen injection(DI) and magnesium isnglyeyrrhizinate(MI). Methods 80 chronic hepati-tis B patients based on the conventional treatment were randomly divided into D1 group(40 patients) and MI group(40 pa-tients). The two groups were used with DI and MI injection for 30 days respaetively and then,the levels of liver function and serum hepatic fibrosis(HA, LN, Ⅳ -C) were detected and compared before and after treatment. Results Treatment by DI and MI could both improve liver function significantly, the effect of Ml group was better than DI group(P < 0.05). Moreover, in improving serum hepatic fibrosis, the effect of DI group was better than MI group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The efficacy of the improvement to hepatic fibrosis DI is better than MI, while in improvement of liver function MI is superior to DI.     

丹参注射液与异甘草酸镁抗肝纤维化的临床对比研究

Objective To observe the change of liver function and liver fibrosis indexes of the chronic hepatitis B patients that were treated by Danshen injection(DI) and magnesium isnglyeyrrhizinate(MI). Methods 80 chronic hepati-tis B patients based on the conventional treatment were randomly divided into D1 group(40 patients) and MI group(40 pa-tients). The two groups were used with DI and MI injection for 30 days respaetively and then,the levels of liver function and serum hepatic fibrosis(HA, LN, Ⅳ -C) were detected and compared before and after treatment. Results Treatment by DI and MI could both improve liver function significantly, the effect of Ml group was better than DI group(P < 0.05). Moreover, in improving serum hepatic fibrosis, the effect of DI group was better than MI group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The efficacy of the improvement to hepatic fibrosis DI is better than MI, while in improvement of liver function MI is superior to DI.     

丹参注射液与异甘草酸镁抗肝纤维化的临床对比研究

Objective To observe the change of liver function and liver fibrosis indexes of the chronic hepatitis B patients that were treated by Danshen injection(DI) and magnesium isnglyeyrrhizinate(MI). Methods 80 chronic hepati-tis B patients based on the conventional treatment were randomly divided into D1 group(40 patients) and MI group(40 pa-tients). The two groups were used with DI and MI injection for 30 days respaetively and then,the levels of liver function and serum hepatic fibrosis(HA, LN, Ⅳ -C) were detected and compared before and after treatment. Results Treatment by DI and MI could both improve liver function significantly, the effect of Ml group was better than DI group(P < 0.05). Moreover, in improving serum hepatic fibrosis, the effect of DI group was better than MI group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The efficacy of the improvement to hepatic fibrosis DI is better than MI, while in improvement of liver function MI is superior to DI.     

间苯三酚联合氯诺昔康治疗急性肾绞痛的临床观察

目的观察间苯三酚联合氯诺昔康对急性肾绞痛的镇痛疗效。方法根据用药组成的不同,选择80例急性肾绞痛患者,随机分成两组,A组予氯诺昔康8mg静脉注射,继以间苯三酚120mg加入50g/L的葡萄糖注射液250mL中静脉滴注;B组则先用曲马多100mg肌注,继以山莨菪碱10mg加入50g/L的葡萄糖注射液250mL中静脉滴注,分别观察其30min内的镇痛效果及不良反应。结果治疗组与对照组相比,镇痛效果有显著差异且不良反应发生率也低,两者在统计学上有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论间苯三酚联合氯诺昔康治疗急性胆、肾绞痛具有起效快速、作用确切、副作用小、无成瘾性的特点,值得临床推广应用。     

奥沙利铂联合表阿霉素、5-氟脲嘧啶、亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的疗效观察

目的观察奥沙利铂联合表阿霉素、5-氟脲嘧啶、亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的有效性和安全性。方法全组共42例,入组后给予奥沙利铂(艾恒,江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司产品)135mg/m2,静滴2小时,第1天,表阿霉素50mg/m2,静注,第1天,亚叶酸钙0.1g静滴,第1～5天,5-氟脲嘧啶500mg/m2,微量泵持续22小时,第1～5天,每3周重复,连用2周期以上后按照WHO实体瘤客观疗效标准评价疗效,按WHO标准判断毒副反应。结果全组共接受了142个周期化疗,平均每例3.38个周期。42例可评价疗效,42例可评价毒副反应。获得CR1例(2.38%),PR22例(52.38%),总有效率(CR+PR)为54.76%。主要毒副作用是消化道反应和骨髓抑制,发生率分别为88.09%和71.43%;外周神经毒性发生率为38.09%,表现为外周感觉神经异常,指(趾)端或口周麻木,以双侧手指最常见,遇冷刺激时加重;未见心肝肾功能损害。结论奥沙利铂联合表阿霉素、5-氟脲嘧啶、亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌有较确切的疗效,并且毒性可以耐受,值得临床进一步应用。     

硼卡钠对辐射损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用

目的 研究硼卡钠(BSH)对辐射损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用,探讨硼卡钠辐射防护作用的抗氧化机制。方法 将BALB/c小鼠按体重随机分为正常对照组、照射对照组、阳性药组(WR2721,200 mg/kg)、BSH低剂量组(20mg/kg)、BSH中剂量组(40 mg/kg)、BSH高剂量组(80 mg/kg),每组7只。各组动物腹腔注射,给药体积均为0.2 ml/20g;正常对照组和照射对照组给予生理盐水;阳性药组照射前连续给药2d,每天1次,其余各组照射前24h给药1次。用⁶⁰Co γ射线对小鼠进行一次性全身照射,照射剂量为6 Gy,剂量率为0.8 Gy/min。照射后第14天采集小鼠外周血并分离血清,分别检测血清SOD活性和MDA含量。结果 BSH低、中、高剂量组小鼠外周血血清SOD活性均显著高于照射对照组(P < 0.05);血清MDA值,低剂量组显著低于照射对照组(P < 0.05),中、高剂量组非常显著低于照射对照组(P < 0.01)。结论 BSH具有显著的抗氧化作用,提示BSH的抗氧化能力是其抗辐射作用的机理之一。     

奥沙利铂联合表阿霉素、5-氟脲嘧啶、亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的疗效观察

目的观察奥沙利铂联合表阿霉素、5-氟脲嘧啶、亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的有效性和安全性。方法全组共42例,入组后给予奥沙利铂（艾恒,江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司产品）135mg／m^2,静滴2小时,第1天,表阿霉素50mg／m^2,静注,第1天,亚叶酸钙0.1g静滴,第1～5天,5-氟脲嘧啶500mg／m^2,微量泵持续22小时,第1～5天,每3周重复,连用2周期以上后按照WHO实体瘤客观疗效标准评价疗效．按WHO标准判断毒副反应。结果全组共接受了142个周期化疗,平均每例3．38个周期。42例可评价疗效．42例可评价毒副反应,获得CR1例（2．38％）,PR22例（5238％）,总有效率（CR＋PR）为54．76％．主要毒副作用是消化道反应和骨髓抑制,发生率分别为88．09％和71．43％;外周神经毒性发生率为38．09％,表现为外周感觉神经异常,指（趾）端或口周麻木,以双侧手指最常见,遇冷刺激时加重;未见心肝肾功能损害。结论奥沙利铂联合表阿霉素、5-氟脲嘧啶、亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌有较确切的疗效,并且毒性可以耐受,值得临床进一步应用。     

不同剂量右美托咪定复合吗啡硬膜外镇痛对小儿尿道下裂术后镇痛效果的影响

目的比较小儿尿道下裂术后不同剂量右美托咪定复合吗啡硬膜外镇痛的镇痛效应和不良反应。方法择期行小儿尿道下裂手术患儿80例(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级),随机分为4组(C组、D1组、D2组、D3组),每组20例,双盲对照观察。各组手术结束前30 min给予负荷剂量:吗啡0.02 mg/kg,镇痛泵C组:罗哌卡因100 mg+吗啡2 mg+生理盐水至100 ml,D1组:罗哌卡因100 mg+吗啡2 mg+右美托咪定0.2μg/kg+生理盐水至100 ml;D2组:罗哌卡因100 mg+吗啡2 mg+右美托咪定0.4μg/kg+生理盐水至100 ml;D3组罗哌卡因100 mg+吗啡2 mg+右美托咪定0.6μg/kg+生理盐水至100 ml;持续输注吗啡2μg/(kg.h),PCA剂量2 ml,分别记录术后各时点VAS评分,Ramsay镇静评分,麻醉药物使用量,记录患儿及家长对镇痛效果满意度和不良反应。结果 4组患者术后吗啡用药量C组明显大于D2、D3组,D1、D2、D3组术后各时点VAS评分明显低于C组,总体镇痛满意度明显高于C组;在术后各时点D1、D2、D3组镇静效果满意,术后镇痛期间不良反应恶心呕吐C组2例(10%),D1组1(5%)例,D2、D3组0例,皮肤瘙痒C组2例(10%)、D1、D2、D3组均为0例,过度镇静D3组2例(5%)4组均无呼吸抑制,心动过缓等不良反应发生。结论小剂量右美托咪定复合吗啡硬膜外镇痛可以减少硬膜外吗啡使用量,镇痛,镇静效果增强,不良反应少,其中右美托咪定剂量0.4μg/kg效果最佳。     

奥拉西坦与血栓通注射液联合治疗脑梗死的疗效分析

目的探讨奥拉西坦与血栓通注射液联合治疗脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 80例脑梗死患者随机分组各40例,两组均使用血栓通注射液400mg加入生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,每日1次,疗程4周,阿司匹林100mg,1次/d,口服。治疗组在对照组基础上给予奥拉西坦注射液4g加入生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程4周。治疗前后分别进行神经功能缺损评分。结果治疗后神经功能缺损评分均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗后神经功能缺损评分,治疗组评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.69,P〈0.05）。不良反应无差异（χ2=0.74,P〉0.05）。结论血栓通与奥拉西坦注射液联合治疗脑梗死疗效显著,能有效改善患者的病情和生活质量,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

甲强龙静脉注射与电脑中频药物导入治疗毛细支气管炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨甲强龙静脉注射与电脑中频药物导入治疗毛细支气管炎的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2008年11月～2009年11月收治的154例毛细支气管炎患者,随机分为两组,治疗组80例给予甲强龙静脉注射和电脑中频药物导入,对照组74例给予静脉注射甲强龙,比较两组患儿临床有效率、咳嗽缓解时间、喘憋消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间及住院时间。结果:治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组咳嗽缓解时间、肺部湿啰音消失时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:甲强龙静脉注射与电脑中频药物导入治疗毛细支气管炎可提高临床疗效,安全方便,值得在临床上推广。     

高选择性α1受体阻滞剂在输尿管结石体外冲击波碎石术后辅助治疗中的应用

目的 探讨高选择性α1受体阻滞剂在输尿管结石体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)术后辅助治疗中的临床应用价值.方法 将120例输尿管结石采用ESWL治疗后的患者按随机数字表法分为三组,每组40例.坦索罗辛组给予高选择性α1受体阻滞剂坦索罗辛0.4 mg,1次/d;多沙唑嗪组给予选择性α1受体阻滞剂多沙唑嗪4 mg,1次/d;对照组为空白对照组,未给予任何输尿管平滑肌松弛剂.每例患者的观察时间为2周.结果 共有4例患者因药物不良反应而退出.坦索罗辛组、多沙唑嗪组的排石率[分别为89.7%(35/39)、83.8%(31/37)]均明显高于对照组[65.0%(26/40)](P＜0.05);排石时间[分别为(3.1±1.2)、(3.7±1.4)d]均明显短于对照组[(6.5±1.1)d](P＜0.05);肾绞痛发生率[分别为12.8%(5/39)、21.6%(8/37)]、石街形成率[分别为7.7%(3/39)、13.5%(5/37)]均明显低于对照组[45.0%(18/40)和40.0%(16/40)](P＜0.05).坦索罗辛组和多沙唑嗪组临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).坦索罗辛组中仅1例患者出现体位性低血压,多沙唑嗪组7例患者出现体位性低血压,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 输尿管结石ESWL术后使用高选择性α1受体阻滞剂辅助治疗有助于结石的排出,明显缩短排石时间,减少肾绞痛发生率,且安全,患者可以耐受,可推荐作为输尿管结石ESWL术后的辅助排石方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of highly selective alpha 1-blockers in treatment of ureteral stone after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Methods One hundred and twenty patients with ureteral stone who accepted ESWL were divided into three groups by random digits table,each 40 cases. Tamsulosin group received tamsulosin (0.4 mg,once daily) after ESWL,doxazosin group received doxazosin (4 mg,once daily) ,control group were given no ureteral smooth musclar relaxant served. All patients were observed for 2 weeks. Results During the 2 weeks, only 4 patients withdrew due to adverse drug reactions. In tamsulosin group and doxazosin group, the stones expulsion rate [89.7%(35/39), 83.8%(31/37) respectively] were significantly higher than control group [65.0%(26/40)] (P＜0.05), the expulsion time [(3.1-1.2), (3.7 ± 1.4) d] were significantly lower than control group [(6.5 ±1.1) d] (P ＜0.05),the incidence of renal colic [12.8%(5/39), 21.6%(8/37)] and the stone street formation rate [7.7% (3/39), 13.5% (5/37)] were significantly lower than control group [45.0% (18/40) and 40.0% (16/40)] (P ＜ 0.05). But there was no significant difference between tamsulosin group and doxazosin group (P ＞ 0.05). Orthostatic hypotension occurred in 1 patient in tamsulosin group, but 7 patients experienced orthostatic hypotension in doxazosin group,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Highly selective alpha 1-blockers can improve the stone-free rate of ureteral stone after ESWL,reduce expulsion time,decrease renal colic rate,and it is safe and tolerated. It can be regarded as an auxiliary clearance method after ESWL for ureteral stone.     

单次吗啡-罗哌卡因硬膜外腔注入剖宫产术后镇痛的临床观察

目的观察硬膜外腔单次吗啡-罗哌卡因混合液用于剖宫产术后的镇痛效果,寻求镇痛效果好、并发症少、生理扰乱小、管理方便的剖宫产术后镇痛方法。方法60例部宫产受术者,分观察组（30例）与对照组（30例）,观察组于关腹前从硬膜外腔注入0．25％罗哌卡因＋吗啡3mg混合液10ml,对照组相同剂量生理盐水,观察术后镇痛效果、并发症及产科情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组术后72h内无痛率达90％以上,并发症发生率低,产科恢复无明显影响。结论剖宫产术采用单次硬膜外腔小剂量吗啡-罗哌卡因混合液是一种简单、安全、有效的镇痛方法。     

硬膜外腔单次注入吗啡对剖宫产术后地佐辛静脉自控镇痛的影响

目的 观察硬膜外腔单次注入吗啡对剖宫产术后地佐辛静脉自控镇痛的疗效和不良反应的影响.方法 选择60例ASA Ⅰ ～Ⅱ级剖宫产产妇,按随机数字和信封法分成对照组和试验组,每组30例.其中试验组在取出胎儿后硬膜外腔注入吗啡1.5 mg（用5ml 0.9％氯化钠稀释）;对照组硬膜外腔注入等量0.9％氯化钠.两组均采用蛛网膜下隙与硬膜外联合阻滞,胎儿取出后静脉注射地佐辛5 mg.术后镇痛采用地佐辛静脉自控镇痛,镇痛液为地佐辛25 mg＋0.9％氯化钠至100ml,输注速率2 ml/h.采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分评估镇痛效果,记录不良反应的发生情况.记录产妇术后48 h内哺乳次数.于麻醉前、术后24 h采静脉血2ml用放射免疫法测定泌乳素浓度.结果 试验组术后6,12h的VAS评分均明显低于对照组[（2.3±1.2）分比（3.1±1.0）分、（2.5±1.3）分比（3.3±1.5）分],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而两组术后2,24,48 h的VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.两组恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、头晕、尿潴留、下肢麻木、呼吸抑制发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.试验组产妇术后48 h内哺乳次数多于对照组[（15.2±5.5）次比（11.6±6.8）次],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组产妇术后24h血浆泌乳素浓度比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 硬膜外腔单次注入吗啡可以提高剖宫产产妇术后地佐辛静脉自控镇痛的效果,有利于产妇哺乳,但不增加不良反应.