33例甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管手术疗效分析

我科自1995年5月～2003年11月收治甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管33例患者.现报告如下.     

颈中线整块切除治疗复发性甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管

目的：探讨颈中线整块切除术在治疗复发性甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管中的作用。方法：对1991年6月-2001年12月收治并行颈中线整块切除的18例病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有病人手术经过顺利，术后全部病例伤口一期愈合，瘢痕小，美容效果满意。没有舌下神经损伤、血肿、皮下气肿以及呼吸困难等并发症。所有病人均恢复正常饮食且无吞咽困难，发音正常并能很好地控制音调。术后随访病人1—10年，均无复发。结论：颈中线整块切除是治疗复发性甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管合理、有效的手术方法。     

手术治疗甲状舌管囊肿与瘘管65例

甲状舌管囊肿与瘘管,是颈部最为常见的一种先天性畸形,因其发生于颈中线,故又称先天性颈中线囊肿和瘘管[1].     

甲状舌管囊肿(瘘管)术后复发原因分析

甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管是常见疾病，如果处理不当容易导致术后复发.选择我院1991～2002年86例甲状舌管囊肿和31例甲状舌管瘘管术后复发的共23例病人进行总结，现将其临床资料分析报道如下。     

颏下甲状舌管囊肿1例

患者,男,25岁,以“颏下胀满不适感10年”入院。患者10年来颈前颏下区胀满不适,逐渐加重,吞咽时明显。体检:一般状态好,心肺听诊无异常。颈前颏下区正中可触及大小约5cm×5cm圆形光滑肿物,活动良好,有弹性,随吞咽移动。颈部未触及肿大淋巴结。颈部彩超示:颈前颏下实质性肿物,直径约3.51cm,内无血流,甲状腺位置正常。入院诊断:①颏下区肿物;②甲状舌管囊肿。患者在局部麻醉下行颈前颏下区肿物切除术。术中见肿物表面光滑,灰白色,穿刺抽吸出约1ml淡黄色干酪样物。肿物下缘可触及舌骨,沿肿物周围分离,最后可见甲状舌管通向舌盲孔。完整切除肿物,…     

111例甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管临床分析

目的　探讨甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管的临床诊治方法。方法　回顾性分析甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管患者111例的临床资料,对其临床特点、诊疗方法、术后并发症进行总结分析。结果　术后复发5例,其中4例有反复囊肿感染病史,术后呼吸困难2例,其中1例患者因长时间缺氧出现缺血缺氧性脑病,术后咽瘘1例。结论　手术方式和感染史是甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管术后并发症和复发的重要影响因素,病灶反复感染以及术后复发者易切除过多周围组织,术中应仔细结扎舌骨离断处减少咽瘘发生。颈部手术术后24 h应密切关注患者呼吸情况,切除范围大手术时间延长者术后可延迟拔管、予以激素治疗防止会厌前间隙水肿导致呼吸困难。     

舌根部舌甲囊肿1例

患者，男，27岁。咽异物感伴呼吸不畅1个月，以“舌根部囊肿”于2001年5月13日收入院。患者半年前因咽异物感在外院治疗，发现舌根部囊肿，曾两次在间接喉镜下钳夹破囊肿，囊液流出，去除可见部的囊壁，患者症状消失。2个月前患者咽异物感再发并出现睡眠时呼吸不畅，偶有憋醒情况，伴进食哽噎不畅；     

甲状舌管囊肿及瘘88例报告

报告８８例甲状舌管囊肿及瘘患者的临床资料，囊肿好发儿童，男性多于女性；如因感染切开引流或自行穿破可形成瘘。共易与多种疾病相混淆。故应注意鉴别诊断。并就复发原因原因治疗的有关问题进行讨论。     

Thyroglossal duct cyst: personal experience and literature review

The thyroglossal duct cyst [TDC, or thyroglossal tract remnant (TTR)] is a well recognized developmental abnormality which arises in some 7% of the population. As a consequence, it represents the most common type of developmental cyst encountered in the neck region. It typically presents as a mobile, painless mass in the anterior midline of the neck, usually in close proximity to the hyoid bone. Less often, TDCs may present with signs and symptoms of secondary infection, or with evidence of a fistula. While TDCs are most often diagnosed in the pediatric age group, a substantial minority of patients with TDCs are over 20 years of age at the time of diagnosis. The standard surgical approach to TDC, encompassing removal of the mid-portion of the hyoid bone in continuity with the TDC and excision of a core of tissue between the hyoid bone and the foramen cecum, dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is often referred to as Sistrunk's operation. Malignancy is rarely encountered in TDCs; when such rare tumors do develop (in the order of 1% or so of patients with TDCs), they usually take the form of either papillary carcinoma of thyroid origin, or squamous carcinoma.     

Thyroglossal duct cyst and sinuses: A 20-year Los Angeles experience and lessons learned

Background

First described in 1920 and later modified in 1928, the Sistrunk procedure substantially reduced the incidence of recurrence of midline neck cysts compared with a local excision or cystectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine if the rate of recurrence was influenced by performing either a ‘classic’ or a ‘modified’ Sistrunk procedure, if the recurrence rate was influenced by the physician's training, how successful we have been in managing patients with a recurrence? Finally, is outpatient surgery safe for Sistrunk procedures?

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of all patients with a thyroglossal duct remnant (TGDR) who were seen at the Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) from 1990 to 2010. The following data were collected: patient age, gender, presence or absence of a pre-operative infection, imaging studies, type of procedure performed, the attending surgeon's training background, inpatient or outpatient status, and complications.

Results

A total of 128 patients (61% male, 39% female) met the inclusion criteria. The age ranged from 2 months to 14 years (mean of 5.1 years). A total of 137 procedures were performed; 114 (83.2%) for primary and 23 (16.8%) for secondary disease. Complications included post-operative infection (10.9%), recurrence of disease (6.6%), undesirable scar (5.8%), and fistula (2.9%). Surgeons with fellowship-training in pediatric otolaryngology had a recurrence rate of 4.0% and surgeons with fellowship-training in pediatric surgery or pediatric plastic surgery had a recurrence rate of 30.1%. Twenty patients had a ‘classic’ Sistrunk (14.6%) and 117 (85%) had a ‘modified’ procedure. Patients were admitted after surgery in 78 cases (56.9%) and 59 patients (43.1%) had an outpatient (OPD) procedure.

Conclusions

There is no place for cystectomy in the treatment of TGDR. A ‘modified’ Sistrunk procedure is the procedure of choice in both primary and revision cases. Wide local excision of recurrences is required and a ‘classic’ Sistrunk should be considered. Specific training to gain an intimate knowledge of the anatomy in and around the larynx and experience with multiple cases reduces the incidence of recurrence. Outpatient surgery is safe and effective for selected patients who undergo a Sistrunk procedure.     

Endolaryngeal extension of thyroglossal duct cyst

Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common congenital neck masses that develop during childhood, The masses develop from remnants of thyroglossal ducts, and typically appear as midline neck masses. Endolaryngeal extension of thyroglossal duct cysts has been reported mostly as midline neck swelling. We observed a case of extension of the thyroglossal duct cyst to the supraglottic area without neck swelling. A 50-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of foreign-body sensation in the throat. Fiberscopic and radiologic findings were similar to those associated with a saccular cyst, but its proximity to the hyoid bone raised the possibility of thyroglossal duct cyst. Operation was performed via an external incision to completely remove the cyst. Postoperative fiberscopy revealed that the aryepiglottic fold swelling had disappeared. Diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst was confirmed on the basis of pathological findings. In cases in which it is difficult to remove the cyst from the hyoid membrane, the hyoid bone midline portion should be dissected. Thyroglossal duct cysts should be considered in cases with a submucosal tumor in the supraglottic region, and radiological examinations should be performed.     

Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma case series—Management strategy and outcomes

ObjectiveTo review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathology and management strategies in a modern cohort of patients with thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma.Study designRetrospective case series following PROCESS Guidelines.SettingComprehensive cancer centre.MethodsData recorded included: gender, age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, thyroid function, diagnostic investigations, cytological results, final histology, staging and follow up status. The risk of malignancy in cytological analysis was stratified according to the Royal College of Pathologists classification in United Kingdom.ResultsTwelve patients were included. The majority of patients (66.7%) presented with an isolated thyroglossal duct cyst. Only 4 patients had preoperative cytological suspicion of carcinoma (sensitivity: 33.3%). At the time of presentation all patients were euthyroid. Following diagnosis of malignancy, a total thyroidectomy was performed in all patients, with the exception of 2, who had a thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma of less than 10 mm. Among the 10 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, 7 (70%) patients had proven carcinoma in the thyroid gland, 3 with deposits of less than 10 mm. The average size of the thyroid cancer deposits was 7.2 mm (1–20 mm). With a mean follow-up of is 44 months (5–120), all patients were alive and free of recurrence at the end of the study period.ConclusionThyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma is a rare condition and its management should be discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting. As with differentiated thyroid cancer originating in the thyroid gland, it bears extraordinary survival rates. Accordingly, the management of these cancers has shifted towards a more conservative approach although its peculiarities must be taken into account: ease of extracystic invasion and possible different lymph node invasion.     

Total persistence of thyroglossal duct with direct communication between cyst and foramen caecum

During embryonic development the thyroid gland migrates through the thyroglossal duct from the pharyngeal endoderm to the anterior cervical region. The final step in this process is the total obliteration of the thyroglossal duct. A case is presented of a patient with a thyroglossal cyst together with a complete failure of the obliteration of the duct, which caused regurgitations of mucopurulent material after the expression of the cyst. This indicates a complete failure of the obliterative process. To the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been described previously in the literature.     

Lingual thyroglossal duct cyst in newborns: previously misdiagnosed as laryngomalacia

OBJECTIVE: To distinguish lingual thyroglossal duct cyst (LTDC) from laryngomalacia in newborn. METHODS: The clinical data of five newborns who were diagnosed as LTDC were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Inspiratory stridor with chest wall retraction was cardinal symptom of newborn with LTDC. A slightly gray and round cyst with smooth surface at the base of the tongue was found with laryngoscopy. In computed tomography examination of larynx, a well-circumscribed lesion with low intensity was detected at the base of the tongue protruding into the air passage. Pathological examination demonstrated the cyst wall was composed of tabular and columnar epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: LTDC is a common disease in newborns, which is similar with laryngomalacia. For neonate suspected of LTDC, laryngoscopy examination should be taken first, while laryngeal CT scan is an important diagnosis basis to be reg. Cyst puncture can ameliorate the symptoms of LTDC, while surgical removal serves as a radical cure for LTDC.     

Thyroglossal duct cyst in hyoid bone: Unusual location

A 10-year-old female presenting with a discharging sinus in the midline of the neck of one month duration was diagnosed to have a thyroglossal sinus. She underwent sistrunk’s operation, intra-operatively a thyroglossal duct cyst was atypically sited in the intrahyoid region. The cyst may be located in the intralingual, suprahyoid, thyrohyoid or suprasternal region. A literature search revealed that this intrahyoid location of a thyroglossal duct cyst is extremely rare and so far only three cases have been reported. A case and review of literature regarding this unusual entity are presented.     

颈外径路Sistrunk手术治疗成人复发性舌甲状舌管囊肿的临床分析

目的 探讨成人复发性舌甲状舌管囊肿（LTGDC）的临床特点、误诊原因及手术治疗。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年3月收治的6例反复复发的成年LTGDC患者,术前行甲状腺B超提示甲状腺位置并排除异位甲状腺,颈部CT检查明确肿物大小、部位及与舌骨的关系,喉咽部MRI明确肿物性质。手术均采用颈外径路Sistrunk手术。结果 6例患者曾误诊为会厌囊肿4例,舌根囊肿2例,均已行囊肿切除术,复发时间3周至1年。所有患者行颈外径路Sistrunk手术完整切除甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管,术后病理确诊为甲状舌管囊肿。术后随访1年以上无复发。结论 复发性舌根部或会厌间隙的囊性肿物应考虑LTGDC的可能性。所有患者术前均应行喉镜检查和颈部影像学检查以了解囊肿的形态、位置及其和舌骨的关系来选择手术方式。对于成人复发性LTGDC,Sistrunk手术可彻底切除囊肿减少复发。     

甲状舌管囊肿术后嗓音分析

目的探讨甲状舌管囊肿(TDC)患者手术前后的嗓音变化特点。方法选取2018年1月—2019年12月行TDC切除术的患者49例为研究对象,其中男24例,女25例,年龄为22~65岁,平均年龄为(41.55±11.78) 岁。对患者术前,术后1周及术后6个月分别行嗓音障碍指数（VHI）和GRBAS的主观评估、嗓音声学分析的客观检测以及频闪喉镜检查,比较手术前后的评估结果。结果①VHI的评估：女性患者的情感（E）评分在术后1周较术前显著性差异（P<0.05）,术后6个月与术前差异不明显,而其功能（F）和生理（P）评分较术前无明显差异;男性患者手术前后的VHI各评分均无显著性差异;②GRBAS的评估：女性患者的气息度（B）和无力度（A）评分在术后1周较术前差异显著（P<0.05）,术后6个月同术前差异不大,而其总分（G）,粗糙度（R）和紧张度（S）评分无显著性差异;男性患者手术前后的GRBAS各评分均无显著性差异;③嗓音声学分析：男性及女性患者的基频（F0）和最长发声时间（MPT）在术后1周均较术前差异显著（P<0.05）,术后6个月同术前差异不明显;而其基频微扰（jitter）和振幅微扰（shimmer）无显著性差异。结论TDC患者手术后会出现嗓音评估指标的一过性改变,及早行嗓音评估、发音训练或心理干预,有利于患者的嗓音康复。