液质联用技术在中药代谢物及代谢组学研究中的应用分析

中药和天然产物在生物体内通常发生广泛代谢,因其代谢途径的复杂性以及多组分、多靶点、整体调节作用的特点,现已将代谢组学应用于中药代谢产物及其药效机制的研究中。但是,由于代谢组学研究要求获得生物体液中大量外源性与内源性代谢物信息,这就对分析技术提出了很高的要求。本文综述了中药代谢物和代谢组学研究中常用的液质联用技术,并对PubMed检索到的23篇相关文献进行数据归纳与比较分析,重点讨论不同种类液质联用技术在中药代谢组学研究应用中的优缺点,指出UPLC-Q-TOF/MS的优势,以期为中药代谢组学研究提供新思路。     

中药代谢组学研究进展

代谢组学是继基因组学和蛋白质组学之后发展起来的一个新的科学研究热点。由于其研究思想和中药作用的整体性相吻合,使得代谢组学成为了中药现代化研究的良好平台。本文通过综述近年相关的研究文献,讨论了中药代谢组学的定义、研究范畴、应用领域等热点问题,结合实际应用分析,探讨了中药代谢组学在中药现代化及国际化发展中的作用与意义。     

浅谈代谢组学在中药现代化研究中的应用

代谢组学是在基因组学和蛋白质组学的基础上建立起来的、用于研究和分析生物系统的组学学科。近年来,使用代谢组学研究中药的方法逐渐得到了推广和使用。本文分析了代谢组学的概念和特点,并对代谢组学在中药现代化研究中的应用情况进行了探讨。     

代谢组学在中医药领域中研究与应用

目的:介绍近年来基于代谢组学的中医药研究进展。方法:通过检索近年来代谢组学在中医药研究中的应用的文献37篇,对其进行归纳总结。结果:代谢组学是近年来快速发展的“组学”,作为一种系统性、整体性的研究方法,与中医理论整体观、恒动观、辨证论治的研究思路有一定的趋同性,符合中医药多成分、多靶点、整体综合效应的特点。近年来在中医药的研究中得到广泛应用。该文旨在对代谢组学的定义、研究技术、研究方法方面,并从代谢组学在中医证候研究、体质研究、模型的复制、中药作用机制、中药有效物质基础、中药方剂的配伍规律、药物安全性评价、疾病的诊断等方面进行阐述。结论:两者结合将有助于探索出中医药复杂理论体系研究的新方法、新途径,有助于更好的传承和发展中医药。     

代谢组学实验技术在中医药科研中的应用

代谢组学是关于生物体代谢物质种类、数量及其变化规律的学科,它可以应用现代分析技术方法对某一生物、细胞在一特定生理时期内所有代谢产物进行定性和定量分析。随着代谢组学在医疗、卫生领域的广泛应用,中医药与代谢组学技术的有机结合成为必然,给中医药的发展研究提供了强有力的手段。运用代谢组学方法在阐明中医整体思维、辨证论治及中药的疗效、安全性等方面展示了优势地位,对于研究中药的整体调节作用,多成分、多靶点作用等有巨大的潜力。     

基于代谢组学的中医证候本质研究进展

中医证候本质研究是中医药学基础理论研究的关键科学问题,而证候体系的复杂性使得其难以用还原论指导下的现代医学方法来揭示其科学内涵,代谢组学以其系统性、动态性、综合性的特点与中医证候的整体观、恒动观、辨证论治思维模式有异曲同工之妙,因此在揭示疾病的证候本质方面代谢组学具有巨大优势。本文从临床疾病及亚健康证候的代谢组学研究、病证结合动物模型的代谢组学分析等方面。对近年来中医疾病证候本质研究中的代谢组学应用相关文献进行综述,以期推动代谢组学在中医药学研究领域的应用。     

系统生物学与中药现代研究(一)

传统医药在疾病治疗中起着整体调节的作用,从整体观来认识,中医药与系统生物学是一完美的整体观的匹配。在中药现代研究开发中,应用系统生物学方法研究中药的药理作用、作用机制、药物安全性和配伍规律将是十分重要的。代谢组学正在快速发展,它将是系统生物学研究中的关键技术。因此,它将是研究中药的有用技术。现介绍一些系统生物学的基础概念和代谢组学应用中药现代研究的一些设想。     

系统生物学与中药现代研究(二)

传统医药在疾病治疗中起着整体调节的作用,从整体观来认识,中医药与系统生物学是一完美的整体观的匹配。在中药现代研究开发中,应用系统生物学方法研究中药的药理作用、作用机制、药物安全性和配伍规律将是十分重要的。代谢组学正在快速发展,它将是系统生物学研究中的关键技术。因此,它将是研究中药的有用技术。现介绍一些系统生物学的基础概念和代谢组学应用中药现代研究的一些设想。     

代谢组学在肝脏疾病研究中的应用

代谢组学是继基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学等以后新近发展起来的一门新学科，主要是定性定量分析、研究某一生物或细胞内所有低分子质量的代谢产物。近年来，代谢组学技术发展迅猛，其研究领域主要覆盖了药物毒理学研究、临床疾病诊断、微生物与植物学研究、食品营养科学及药物开发等。通过查阅文献资料，笔者概述了代谢组学技术在肝脏疾病研究中的应用近况。     

代谢组学技术在毒理学研究中的应用进展

代谢组学是继基因组学、转录组学及蛋白质组学之后发展起来的一门组学学科,其研究对象是生命活动链条下游的代谢物的集合---代谢组。虽然已经经过了十几年的发展,但代谢组学在实验技术、数据分析及结果的注释各个环节都还有许多问题需要加以解决。任何外源性物质的作用都会导致生物体内代谢平衡的破坏,从而使得体内代谢物质发生变化。因此,利用代谢组学技术研究药物的毒理学性质自然就成为代谢组学的主要应用领域之一,也是应用最早的领域。代谢组学在先导化合物的早期毒性筛选、药物的临床前毒性以临床药物的毒性评价等方面都已经得到了广泛的应用,所研究的对象涵盖了人体、实验动物、细胞和斑马鱼等替代模型。代谢组学结果的深入阐释也在发展之中。本文对代谢组学技术及其在毒理学研究中的应用进展进行了综述。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.