Determination of Urinary Trace Elements (Arsenic,Copper, Cadmium,Manganese, Lead,Zinc, Selenium) in Patients with Blackfoot Disease

To determine the relationship of arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, lead, zinc and selenium to Blackfoot disease (BFD, a peripheral vascular disorder endemic to areas of Taiwan, which has been linked to arsenic in drinking water) the authors measured the amount of these substances in urine from BFD patients, using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results indicate significantly higher amounts of urinary arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, and lead for BFD patients than for normal controls, also significantly lower urinary zinc and selenium.     

Concentration, Distribution, and Comparison of Selected Trace Elements in Bed Sediment and Fish Tissue in the South Platte River Basin, USA, 1992–1993

During August–November 1992 and August 1993, bed sediment and fish liver were sampled in the South Platte River Basin and analyzed for 45 elements in bed sediment and 19 elements in fish liver. The results for aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, selenium, silver, uranium, and zinc are presented here. All 12 trace elements were detected in bed sediment, but not all were detected in fish liver or in all species of fish. A background concentration of trace elements in bed sediment was calculated using the cumulative frequency curves of trace element concentrations at all sites. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, silver, uranium, and zinc concentrations were greater than background concentrations at sites in mining areas or at sites that have natural sources of these elements. Trace element concentrations in fish liver generally did not follow the same patterns as concentrations in bed sediment, although concentrations of aluminum and cadmium were higher in fish liver collected at mountain sites that had been disturbed by mining. Concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, silver, and zinc increased in bed sediments in urban areas. Iron, silver, and zinc concentrations in fish liver also increased in urban areas. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, silver, and zinc in fish liver increased in the agricultural areas of the basin. Downstream changes in trace element concentrations may be the result of geological changes in addition to changes in land use along the river. Received: 5 April 1996/Revised: 27 July 1996     

Biliary and urinary excretion of metals in humans

Fifteen metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, inorganic mercury, organic mercury, iron, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, tin, and aluminum) were determined in the hepatic bile and urine collected simultaneously from three Japanese individuals (2 males, 1 female). The presence of these metals was classified as follows: hepatic biliary concentrations were higher than urinary concentrations (lead, arsenic, and iron); urinary concentrations were higher than hepatic biliary concentrations (cadmium, inorganic mercury, tin, cobalt, magnesium, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel); hepatic biliary concentrations were almost equal to urinary concentrations (manganese and organic mercury); and relationship between hepatic biliary and urinary concentrations changed occasionally (aluminum). Eight essential metals (iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, chromium, copper, nickel, and cobalt) were detected at considerable concentrations in hepatic bile. Accounting for the daily flow volume of hepatic bile and the reabsorption of these metals, the supplementation of these metals should occur during treatment of diseases accompanied by loss of hepatic bile.     

Macro- and microelements in canned sprats

The content of macro- and microelements and toxic metals in the most popular canned sprat was described in this paper. The research included the following canned sprat: sprat in tomato, smoked and steamed sprat in oil. The following analyses were carried out: content of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, chromium, selenium, fluorine, iodine, cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic. Fluorine, iodine, selenium, and calcium and phosphorous are provided to customer organism in large amount by canned sprat, however canned sprat cannot be considered as a source of copper, chromium, and manganese. On the base of assessment data one canned sprat (weight 170 g) provides to customer organism more than 50% recommended daily intake of calcium and phosphorus, 85-233% fluorine, 62.5% iodine, 43% recommended selenium, more than 25% zinc, about 15% daily intake of magnesium, potassium and iron. It was found that all of the analyzed canned sprat contained relatively low content of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic, thus confirming the established safety standards.     

基于ICP-MS探讨病人透析前后血中元素含量的变化

摘要:目的 探讨透析患者透析前后全血中矿物元素含量的变化,为透析病人提供治疗和保健依据。方法 采集透析病人透析前后的静脉血及透析液,前处理后利用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析其中的矿物元素含量,并对透析前后的血中及透析液矿物元素含量进行配对t检验。结果 该分析方法的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,相对标准偏差在2.8%~5.5%之间,加标回收率在87%~108%之间。透析后,血液中钙、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒的含量较透析前小幅度升高,铬、砷、铅含量较透析前后变化不大;透析液中,铬、锰含量变化不大,但是铁、铜、锌、硒的含量均有不同程度的增加。结论 长期看,行透析治疗的病人,体内钙、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒的含量低于正常人。同时,存在血中铅、砷等短暂升高而引起的中毒的风险。     

血清中铜、锌、镍、镉、锰等微量元素对稽留流产影响的研究

目的探讨孕早期血清中汞、锰、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅水平对稽留流产的影响,为稽留流产病因研究提供线索。方法选取同年龄段、同孕周的稽留流产患者及正常早孕者21对,检测两组孕妇血清汞、锰、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅水平。采用1∶1配比Logistic回归分析模型分析稽留流产可能的影响因素。结果与正常早孕组相比,稽留流产组血清镍(t=3.57,P=0.002)、铜(t=7.94,P<0.001)、锌(t=3.60,P=0.002)、镉(t=4.74,P<0.001)、砷(t=2.82,P=0.011)、铅(t=3.46,P=0.002)水平较高,血清锰水平较低(t=-8.24,P<0.001);二元多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,高血镍(OR=7.83,95%CI:1.03~59.68,P=0.037)、高血镉(OR=3.51,95%CI:2.53~4.87,P=0.004)为稽留流产的危险因素,高血锰(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.41~0.97,P=0.030)为保护性因素。结论孕妇血清中镍、镉、锰水平对稽留流产的发生有一定的影响,其机理有待于进一步研究。     

Distribution of Arsenic and Trace Metals in the Floodplain Agricultural Soil of Bangladesh

Arsenic contaminated groundwater of Bangladesh is one of the largest natural calamities of the world. Soil samples were collected from floodplain agricultural land of Faridpur and Dhamrai regions to estimate the concentration of arsenic and other trace metals (copper, nickel, zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead, selenium, cobalt, mercury, and manganese). Average arsenic in Faridpur soil was recorded more than three times higher than the world limit and nearly five times higher than that of Dhamrai. The average copper, chromium and cobalt both in Faridpur and Dhamrai agricultural soil were also higher than the Dutch and the world standards. Both Fardipur and Dhamrai soil contain low amount of selenium in comparison to world limit (0.7 mg kg⁻¹). A poor correlation between manganese and arsenic was noticed in Faridpur. This may be played a subordinate role in the fixation of arsenic in soil. This study also reveals that the area which has arsenic and trace metal contaminated groundwater may also contain high level of arsenic and trace metals in the agricultural soil due to irrigation with contaminated groundwater.     

Chronic exposure of sheep to a zinc smelter in Peru

Liver levels of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, and zinc were assessed in adult female sheep living in the vicinity of a zinc smelter in Peru. The study was conducted on a large sheep-raising cooperative divided into seven management units, operated under a standardized husbandry system. Soil samples were analyzed for the same metals at varying distances from the smelter. A gradient of concentration of heavy metals in soil was found between 1 and 56 km from the smelter. Soil concentrations for all metals except manganese decreased significantly with increasing distance from the smelter. The strongest correlations were found for copper, lead, and zinc (P less than 0.001). Topographic features and prevailing wind direction appeared to play a role in the dispersion of pollutants. Liver samples were obtained from 153 sheep on five units of the cooperative. The centers of the units sampled were between 13 and 56 km from the smelter. Hepatic concentrations of arsenic, lead, manganese, and zinc decreased significantly with increasing distance from the smelter. Liver arsenic and liver zinc were significantly related to soil concentrations. Liver levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and manganese in sheep from the cooperative were significantly higher than those detected in control sheep from southern Peru. Sheep populations may serve as biological monitors for heavy metal accumulation and environmental carcinogenesis.     

ICP-AES测定花粉中10种微量元素的方法研究

目的建立花粉中10种微量元素的测定方法。方法采用微波消解法处理样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱化(ICP-AES)法测定铬、锌、铜、锰、砷、铁、铅、镉、硒和铝10种微量金属元素。结果 ICP-AES——微波消解法回收率为:93.2%～107.8%,相对标准偏差为1.58%～3.44%。结论 ICP-AES——微波消解法具有简便、快速、准确等特点,适用于花粉中10种微量金属的测定。     

包头蒙古族儿童注意缺陷多动障碍及与头发中微量元素的关系

了解包头市蒙古族儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与毛发中不同元素的关系,为预防儿童注意缺陷多动障碍提供理论依据.方法 于2014年3月至2015年3月分别选择包头市市区及旗县区具有代表性的3所纯蒙古族小学1 000名二至六年级在校学生为研究对象,首先采用Conners儿童行为问卷中的教师问卷(简化版)对被试进行注意缺陷多动障碍筛查,再采用美国精神病学协会制定的《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》修订版(DSM-Ⅳ)的诊断标准进行诊断,同时选取同校、同年级、同性别、相互间无血缘关系的儿童作为健康对照组.对不同组儿童毛发中铜、锌、锰、铅、镉、砷、汞、硒8种元素的含量进行实验室检测.结果 1 000名蒙古族儿童中,儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的发生人数共38例,发生率为3.8%,其中男生30例,发生率为3.0%;女生8例,发生率为0.8%,差异有统计学意义(x2=8.631,P<0.05);二至六年级儿童注意缺陷多动障碍发生率分别为0.2%,0.3%,0.8%,1.3%,1.2%,差异有统计学意义(x2=12.824,P<0.05).儿童注意缺陷多动障碍组发样中铜、铅、镉、铜锌比值均高于健康组,锌元素含量低于健康组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.814,-4.785,-3.627,-4.117,2.105,P值均<0.05).结论 包头市蒙古族儿童注意缺陷多动障碍男生发生率高于女生且主要集中在小学高年级,蒙古族注意缺陷多动障碍儿童毛发中元素含量异常.预防少数民族地区儿童注意缺陷多动障碍应关注平时的元素摄入.     

大学生尿液金属水平与肺功能的关系

  目的  探讨大学生金属内暴露水平与肺功能的相关性，为开展金属暴露与肺功能损伤的相关研究提供依据。  方法  以2017—2018年在华北理工大学曹妃甸校区招募的45名符合标准的大学生为研究对象，分别于春、夏、秋、冬季进行问卷随访调查和健康体检，测量肺功能参数[用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、FEV1/FVC和用力呼气流量(FEF_25~75)]，同时采集晨尿样本。尿液中15种金属含量使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP/MS)检测; 采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较不同季节尿液中金属含量的差异; 运用线性混合效应模型分析尿液中金属组分暴露浓度与肺功能之间的相关性。  结果  尿液15种金属元素中，铬、铁、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、钼、镉、锑、铅在4个季节的含量差异均有统计学意义(H=9.79~20.61，P值均 < 0.05)。5项肺功能参数在4个季节的差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为61.72，45.30，47.61，25.47，35.13，P值均 < 0.05)。线性混合效应模型分析结果显示，尿液中钒、锰、铁、钴、镍和锑含量与FEV1呈负性相关(B值分别为0.202，0.192，0.181，0.154，0.131，0.283);尿液中铝、钒、锰、铁、钴、镍、锌、镉和锑的含量与FVC呈负性相关(B值分别为0.252，0.290，0.292，0.271，0.201，0.180，0.171，0.163，0.381);尿液中锰和锑的含量与PEF呈负相关(B值分别为0.291，0.354)(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  大学生尿液中多种金属含量的增加与肺功能水平下降有关，金属元素的长期暴露有可能造成肺功能的损害，应加强对环境金属污染的控制。     

Heavy metals contamination in surface and groundwater supply of an urban city

There is a continuous increase in the demand of water supply in cities due to the industrialization and growing population. This extra supply is generally met by groundwaters or nearby available surface waters. It may lead into incomplete treatment and substandard supply of drinking water. To ensure that the intake water derived from surface and groundwater is clear, palatable, neither corrosive nor scale forming, free from undesirable taste, odor and acceptable from aesthetic and health point of view, the final water quality at Delhi have been evaluated. The final water supply of four treatment plants and 80 tubewells at Delhi were surveyed in 2000-2001 for cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, selenium and zinc. The levels of manganese, copper, selenium and cadmium were found marginally above the Indian Standards (IS) specification regulated for drinking water. The data was used to assess the final water quality supplied at Delhi.     

Environmental exposure to trace elements and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based case-control study

We analyzed the association between the environmental exposure to trace elements and the risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a population-based case-control study in the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. We evaluated exposure to selected trace elements by measuring toenail concentrations of the same by means of inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis. The final number enrolled in the study was 22 patients and 40 controls. Disease progression, assessed through a clinical score, was generally unassociated with toenail trace element levels, with the exception of an inverse relation with zinc and selenium content and a direct correlation with copper concentration. In logistic regression analysis, we found no evidence of an association between ALS risk and toenail content of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, chromium, cobalt, iron, and aluminum. This investigation does not suggest a major role in sporadic ALS etiology of environmental exposure to these trace elements, though results for zinc, selenium, and copper should be evaluated with caution due to the potential limitations of toenails as biomarkers of chronic exposure in patients.     

交通警察尿金属谱与血脂水平的关联性分析

目的 在交通警察中探讨23种尿金属与血脂水平的关联性。方法 采用横断面研究设计,在185名交通警察中（56名内勤人员,129名外勤人员）分析尿金属对血脂水平的影响。对研究对象进行职业健康检查。尿金属浓度采用电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪检测。结果 外勤组甘油三酯（TG）、高密度和低密度脂蛋白均高于内勤组（P＜0.001,P＜0.001和P = 0.036）。外勤组铝、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、铷、锶、钼、镉、锡、锑、钨、铊、铅和铀浓度均高于内勤组,差异有统计学意义（所有P＜0.05）。校正年龄、性别、吸烟、吸烟包年、饮酒、锻炼、工龄、工种、BMI和尿肌酐后,尿铜与TG、尿钴与总胆固醇（TC）的关联性有统计学意义（β = 0.16, 95%CI 0.05～0.28, P = 0.007和β = 0.05, 95%CI 0.01～0.10, P = 0.009）,且在校正了其他金属后,此关联仍有统计学意义。此外,校正辅助变量后,尿铜与血脂异常正相关。结论 尿铜和尿钴分别与TG和TC水平升高有关,表明金属对交通警察血脂代谢具有调节作用。     

兰坪矿区土壤中重金属污染状况调查

目的通过检测兰坪矿区土壤中铅、锌、镉、铜和锰5种重金属元素含量,了解矿产的开发对环境造成的污染状况。方法按照相应的采样要求在矿区周围3km内采集有代表性的土壤样品,采用酸消解法对样品进行消化处理,再用原子吸收分光光度法测定样品中的Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Mn元素的含量。分析土壤中重金属含量的超标状况。嬉果土壤中铅、锌、镉、铜和锰5种元素的超标率分别为23．08％、14．8l％、89．74％、0％和43．59％;平均污染指数分别为1．07、0．82、18．51、0．03和0．84。结论土壤中普遍存在严重的镉污染,部分矿区有铅、锌和锰污染,Cu含量正常。     

微量元素与乳腺癌死亡率的模式识别研究

采用基于统计学习理论的支持向量机方法,建立了硒、铜、锌、镉、铬、锰和砷7种微量元素的平均摄入量与每10万人中的乳腺癌死亡人数的预测模型,并对6个国家或地区进行了预测,还与传统的人工神经网络方法进行了比较。结果表明:在根据微量元素摄入量进行乳腺癌发病率预测方面,支持向量机方法有明显的优势。     

某铜冶炼厂周围儿童全血铅等重金属元素含量的调查

目的 了解某铜冶炼厂对周边居住儿童血铅及其他重金属含量的影响.方法 2010年11-12月期间以某铜冶炼厂为固定点源,在与其距离0～5 km、5～10 km、＞10 km处分别选取1～2所小学,以6～11岁儿童作为研究对象,共采集80名儿童(其中男童38人,女童42人)的静脉血.采用电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS...     

Metal levels in flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) and great sculpin (Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus) from Adak Island, Alaska: potential risk to predators and fishermen

Increasingly there is a need to assess the contaminant levels in fish as indicators of the health and well-being of both the fish and their consumers, including humans. This paper examines the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in the kidney, liver, and muscle of great sculpin and flathead sole from Adak Island in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Both species are consumed by the local Aleuts and others. There were significant differences in the levels of heavy metals as a function of tissue for both fish species; the liver of sculpin and sole generally had the highest levels of most metals, except for arsenic, lead, and selenium. Sole had significantly higher mean levels of arsenic in kidney (32,384 vs. 531 ppb, wet weight), liver (18,954 vs. 2532 ppb), and muscle (19,452 vs. 1343 ppb) than did sculpin. Sole also had higher mean levels of cadmium (230 vs. 63 ppb), lead (1236 vs. 48 ppb), mercury (150 vs. 107 ppb), and selenium (5215 vs. 1861 ppb) in kidney than did sculpin. There were significant correlations among weight and length measurements for both species. However, except for mercury, there were few significant correlations among tissue types for most metals. Only mercury and manganese levels were significantly correlated with size for sculpin (but not for sole). Levels of arsenic, lead, and mercury may pose a risk to predators that consume them, and arsenic and mercury may pose a risk to human consumers.     

Geology, trace elements and health

Both animal and vegetable life depend for their existence on appropriate amounts of various trace elements, albeit in very small amounts. This paper lists some of these trace elements and the ailments in which they play an important role. The elements discussed are gold, platinum, copper, lead, zinc, aluminium, silica, mercury, cadmium, selenium, arsenic, and iodine. The diseases involved range from multiple sclerosis, various cancers, arthritis, goitre, Down's Syndrome, and mental retardation. Less well known are Keshan, Alzheimer's, Itai-Itai, and Minamata diseases. Of particular interest in the latter part of the twentieth century is the discovery that serious deficiencies of either copper or zinc in the diet of animals may break down their immune defence mechanisms. The ability of certain plants selectively to concentrate particular heavy metals in their tissues and pollen is discussed.     

Metals in the Surface Sediments of Selected Water Reservoirs, Slovakia

Ruzin and Velke Kozmalovce water reservoirs (Slovakia) receive potentially toxic elements through rivers draining catchment areas polluted with the former extensive mining of ore-bearing deposits. In this study, the concentrations and fractionation of metals (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium and zinc) have been studied in the surface sediments of the two water reservoirs. Comparison of metal concentrations found in the sediments with the mean shale values revealed a significant anthropogenic enrichment mostly with antimony (22.7), copper (8.5), zinc (5.5), cadmium (4.7), mercury (4.7), arsenic (4.5) and lead (3.9), and antimony (9.8), cadmium (8.8), zinc (4.9), lead (3.3) and arsenic (3.1) in the Ruzin and Velke Kozmalovce reservoirs, respectively. The results of fractionation study showed that the major proportion of cadmium (44.9–52.6%), cobalt (35.7–58.3%) and zinc (27.8–48.7%) was found in labile fractions, i.e., water- and acid-soluble fractions, although copper and nickel exhibited also significant labile fractions. When the risk assessment code was applied to the fractionation study, cadmium and cobalt came under high and very high risk category for the environment, and therefore might cause adverse effect to aquatic life.