全英教学七年制人体解剖学效果的评估

1　背景七年制是国家教委教育改革的试点之一 ,创办七年制的宗旨之一是要将部分学生培养为自学及独立解决问题的、有较高的学术交流水平 ,富有创新精神[1] 的高级人才。许多试点院校为实现以上目标 ,都在七年制班级尝试新的教学方法 ,预使七年制的教学水平突出于五年制本科水平。目前来看较为有效的措施有 :第一学年进驻综合大学加强人文学科的学习、延长公共英语学时加强英语口语、加强专业英语的学习 (主要在临床课程实习阶段要求学生熟练阅读和释译专业书刊 ,书写论文摘要和病例 )。相比之下 ,医学基础课程则较少强调七年制教学的特殊性…     

全英教学七年制人体解剖学效果的评估

1 背景 七年制是国家教委教育改革的试点之一，创办七年制的宗旨之一是要将部分学生培养为自学及独立解决问题的、有较高的学术交流水平，富有创新精神［1］的高级人才。许多试点院校为实现以上目标，都在七年制班级尝试新的教学方法，预使七年制的教学水平突出于五年制本科水平。目前来看较为有效的措施有：第一学年进驻综合大学加强人文学科的学习、延长公共英语学时加强英语口语、加强专业英语的学习(主要在临床课程实习阶段要求学生熟练阅读和释译专业书刊，书写论文摘要和病例)。相比之下，医学基础课程则较少强调七年制教学的特殊性。     

以病例为中心的七年制骨科临床见习教学体会

七年制临床医学专业见习课是临床教学中非常重要的一环，教学的好坏，直接影响下轮学习的效果与教学质量。作者于2004年3月至2004年7月带教本院2000级七年制学生骨科临床见习课，采用以病例为中心的带教方式，效果良好。     

试论七年制手术学基础教学的师资培训

临床医学七年制办学自1988年开始,已跨过第9个年头了。经过9年的试办,七年制教学在全国业已形成七年一贯制单独办学、七年一贯制合作办学和七年制四三分流制第三种办学模式。依据国家教委的要求,七年制学生完成临床医学基本训练后,进入二级学科定向实习,要培养学生具有较深厚的专业理论知识和较熟练的医疗技能,对临床各科常见病、多发病和一般危急病症能够独立处理;规定外科学(含手术学基础)     

七年制医学生消化内科临床见习带教体会

七年制医学生基础知识扎实、自学能力强,但临床分析和解决问题的实际工作能力欠缺,而临床见习是医学生理论联系实际的纽带和桥梁。因此,努力提高临床见习的带教效果,对于医学生理解、巩固所学基础知识,为临床实习奠定良好的实践基础至关重要。现结合我科多年带教七年制学生见习的具体情况,探讨如何提高七年制医学生临床见习的带教效果。1传统消化内科见习带教中的困难和缺陷消化内科理论课学时多、专业性强,学习内容多、概念抽象,使学生理解较困难。过去见习带教中大部分时间以教师讲课为主,学生多处于被动地位,部分学生出现厌烦、兴趣不浓…     

医学八年制学生基础阶段科研能力培养的探索

八年制医学教育是一种新的培养方式,目标是毕业时达到临床医学博士研究生水平.在基础学习阶段对八年制学生进行科研启蒙和创新能力的培养非常重要.我们对八年制医学生基础阶段科研能力的培养方式进行了一些探索与实践:制定短期、高效的培养计划,指导学生参与课题组学术活动,文献学习,以及参与科研课题的设计和实践,取得了较为满意的效果.     

七年制临床医学学生心理卫生状况调查

七年制临床医学学生心理卫生状况调查汪俊湘，胡平安湖南医科大学１９８８年经国家教委批准我校试办七年制临床医学专业。这个专业的学生，从录取时的严格选拔，入校后高标准、严要求的培养以及学籍管理有关规定，都与医学教育中其他专业有较大的差别。从我校七年制临床医...     

人体解剖学和临床查体相结合的课程改革调查

目的通过调查北京协和医学院八年制临床医学专业的学生(八年制医学生)对当前解剖学课程的认同度,以及对引入解剖查体混合课程的想法,尝试提出可行的改革方向。方法通过微信平台(WeChat)和制作问卷的软件问卷星(wjx)向北京协和医学院在读的四、五、六、七、八年级的八年制医学生发放问卷。结果共收到合格问卷216份。207名(95.8%)学生认同解剖学课程的重要性,196名(90.7%)的学生赞成在大体解剖学课程中引入与解剖相结合的临床查体内容,且不同学习阶段的学生认同度的差异无统计学意义。"后期缺乏随时巩固复习的途径"(149人,69.0%)和"课程衔接不好,见实习时许多都忘了"(143人,66.2%)是当前解剖学课程最为突出的问题。65人(30.1%)和151人(69.9%)分别倾向于以上大规模开放在线课程(MOOC)或传统线下学习形式开展新课程。结论北京协和医学院八年制不同学习阶段的学生,绝大多数赞成在大体解剖学课程中加入临床查体与解剖相结合的内容讲解,而相关的教学改革尝试是必要的。以线下为主、线上为辅开展混合模式新课程可能是最为适合的。     

基础医学七年制教学改革的几点意见

我校基础医学七年制的学生在参与了两年的PBL教学改革实践后的调查表明,该专业的学生不适合以培养I临床医生为教学目标的PBL模式。因此,本学期我们在已有教学实践的基础上,考虑到基础医学七年制主要是培养科学研究人才和后备的教学人才,围绕这个目标改换思路,重新调整了基础七年制的教改之路。     

加强教学改革,注重能力培养

七年制临床医学专业是我国培养达到硕士水平的高级医学专门人才的新途径。对七年制学生除了主要培养具有良好的思想品德,广泛的社会科学知识,宽厚的自然科学基础外,还要培养创造精神,具有能独立学习、独立思考和独立解决问题能力的人才,为今后的临床实践、临床医学研究、参与未来竞争打下深厚坚实的基础。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.