鞍底带蒂粘膜骨瓣复位联合带蒂粘膜瓣进行鞍底重建在垂体腺瘤术中的应用

目的 探讨鞍底带蒂粘膜骨瓣复位联合鼻中隔粘膜瓣进行鞍底重建在垂体腺瘤经鼻蝶入路神经内镜切除术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2021年11月经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术治疗的36例垂体腺瘤的临床资料,术中应用鞍底带蒂粘膜骨瓣复位联合鼻中隔粘膜瓣重建鞍底。结果 36例完成鞍底带蒂粘膜骨瓣制作、复位,其中10例切除肿瘤过程中鞍隔破裂,术中出现脑脊液漏,结合鼻中隔粘膜瓣完成鞍底重建。肿瘤全切除31例,次全切除5例;肿瘤全切除率为86.1%(31/36)。术后无脑脊液鼻漏、颅内感染。术后随访3～12个月,无鞍底粘膜骨瓣移位,无迟发性脑脊液鼻漏、颅内感染。结论 鞍底带蒂粘膜骨瓣复位联合鼻中隔粘膜瓣重建鞍底,方法简单,可有效预防垂体腺瘤经鼻蝶入路神经内镜切除术后脑脊液漏。     

内镜下经鼻蝶入路治疗垂体腺瘤切除术后脑脊液鼻漏临床研究

目的总结内镜下经鼻蝶入路治疗垂体腺瘤切除术后脑脊液鼻漏的临床体会。方法回顾分析采用内镜下经鼻蝶入路脑脊液鼻漏修补术治疗的16例垂体腺瘤切除术后脑脊液鼻漏患者的临床资料,总结手术经验。结果 16例患者均采用内镜下经鼻蝶入路脑脊液鼻漏修补术,其中13例(13/16)经首次脑脊液鼻漏修补术即成功,2例(2/16)经再次修补术成功,1例(1/16)改行开颅手术方修补成功。术后1例出现颅内感染,予头孢曲松后痊愈。平均随访12个月,无肿瘤和脑脊液鼻漏复发。结论内镜下经鼻蝶入路治疗垂体腺瘤切除术后脑脊液鼻漏安全、有效,值得临床推广应用。     

垂体腺瘤术中复合材料填塞预防脑脊液漏疗效分析

目的 分析复合材料填塞对垂体腺瘤患者经鼻蝶入路切除术中脑脊液漏发生的预防效果.方法 收集并回顾性分析60例2018年9月至2020年8月接受经鼻蝶入路切除术治疗并完成3个月随访的垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料.研究对象病例资料、手术资料完整;根据术中不同填塞方式分为传统方式组(自体脂肪移植及筋膜合成材料,30例)和复合材料组(...     

游离中鼻甲粘膜瓣在经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术切除垂体腺瘤后鞍底重建中的应用…

目的 探讨游离中鼻甲粘膜瓣在经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术治疗垂体腺瘤鞍底重建中的方法及应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年6月至 2018年6月经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术治疗的45例直径1~2.5 cm的垂体腺瘤的临床资料。经单鼻孔手术25例（单鼻孔组）,双鼻孔手术20例（双鼻孔组）。术中均采用游离中鼻甲粘膜瓣重建鞍底。结果 肿瘤均全切除。术后随访 6个月,两组均未出现脑脊液漏和颅内感染,均无鼻腔干燥、异味等鼻部并发症;单鼻孔组术后嗅觉障碍发生率（16.0%,4/25）明显低于双鼻孔组（90.00%,18/20;P<0.05）。结论 对于直径1~2.5 cm的垂体腺瘤,经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术中鞍底缺损直径约2 cm,采用游离中鼻甲粘膜瓣进行鞍底重建,可有效预防脑脊液漏、颅内感染,单鼻孔组术后嗅觉障碍发生率较双鼻孔组低。     

垂体腺瘤经鼻蝶入路神经内镜切除术后脑脊液鼻漏的危险因素

目的 探讨垂体腺瘤经鼻蝶入路神经内镜切除术后脑脊液鼻漏的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年3月经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术治疗的130例垂体腺瘤的临床资料。结果 130例中,术后发生脑脊液鼻漏15例,发生率为11.5%(15/130)。多因素logistic回归分析发现,体质指数>25.0 kg/m²、术中脑脊液漏、再次手术是垂体腺瘤经鼻蝶入路神经内镜术后发生脑脊液漏的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。10例采用腰大池外引流,5例采用药物脱水治疗;15例未发生颅内感染情况;出院后随访12～36个月,未再次发生脑脊液鼻漏。结论 脑脊液鼻漏是PA经鼻蝶入路神经内镜切除术后较为常见的并发症,预后良好。对于体质肥胖、术中脑脊液漏和再次手术的PA,术后应密切关注脑脊液鼻漏和颅内感染情况,可考虑二次手术。     

经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术中脑脊液漏的影响因素和修补方法

目的 分析经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术中脑脊液漏的影响因素和修补措施.方法 回顾性总结2005年1月至2006年12月650例垂体腺瘤经蝶窦手术过程中出现脑脊液漏的70例病人,分析经蝶窦人路垂体腺瘤切除术中脑脊液漏的影响因素,与肿瘤大小、位置和类型的关系.结果 经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术出现的脑脊液漏经术中修补后,术后未出现脑脊液鼻漏.结论 垂体腺瘤经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术中脑脊液漏的发生率为10.8%,垂体ACTH微腺瘤术中脑脊液漏的发生率较高与切除瘤周垂体组织有关.采用自身组织填塞,术后卧床能有效地防止术后脑脊液鼻漏.对于经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术中严重脑脊液漏者应采用腰蛛网膜下腔置管引流脑脊液.     

伽玛刀治疗后的垂体腺瘤经蝶手术脑脊液漏的防治

目的：探讨伽玛刀治疗后的垂体腺瘤经蝶窦入路手术中、手术后脑脊液漏发生的原因及防治方法。方法回顾性分析15例伽玛刀治疗后显微镜下经蝶窦入路手术切除的垂体腺瘤患者,术中用人工硬脑膜或自体脂肪及纤维蛋白胶修补,蝶窦内填塞碘仿纱条。结果术中9例鞍底硬膜质地变硬,血运差,切开后收缩性差,弹性下降;术中7例出现脑脊液漏;术后3例因脑脊液漏需要二次手术修补。结论经伽玛刀治疗后的垂体腺瘤经蝶入路手术术后脑脊液漏发生率较高,应慎重掌握伽马刀治疗的适应证和手术指征。     

神经导航辅助下单鼻孔经蝶入路切除垂体腺瘤

目的探讨神经导航辅助下单鼻孔经蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术的精确性和有效性。方法对36例垂体腺瘤患者采用单鼻孔经蝶入路显微手术切除,利用神经导航系统对蝶窦前壁、鞍底的打开,垂体腺瘤的切除进行引导。结果36例中23例肿瘤全切除,10例次全切除,3例大部切除。神经导航平均注册误差为(1.0±0.5)mm。术后短暂尿崩6例(16.7%),脑脊液漏3例(8.3%),视力改善16例(84.2%,16/19)。没有昏迷和死亡病例。所有病例术中定位准确,术后神经、血管功能保留良好。结论在神经导航系统辅助下单鼻孔经蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术可以达到入路精确,手术创伤小,病灶定位准确,神经、血管功能保留良好的效果。     

神经导航在内镜辅助垂体腺瘤切除术中的定位作用

目的 探讨神经导航在内镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术中的定位作用.方法 回顾性分析63例导航辅助下行垂体腺瘤切除术的病人资料(病例组),并与61例同期未用导航的垂体腺瘤病人(对照组)进行比较,通过定位蝶窦开口与鞍底时间,以及定位鞍底准确性,评价导航定位作用.结果 与对照组相比,病例组采用术中导航能显著缩短定位蝶窦开口及鞍底的时间(P＜0.05),并显著提高初次定位鞍底的准确性(P＜0.01),且病例组无术中方向错误,并发症发生率降低.结论 神经导航是内镜下垂体腺瘤手术治疗的重要辅助手段.     

鞍内囊肿经蝶手术治疗及鞍底重建

目的总结鞍内囊肿经鼻蝶入路手术治疗及鞍底重建的方法及经验。方法回顾性分析鞍内囊肿经鼻蝶入路手术治疗及鞍底重建的12例临床资料。结果术后患者术前症状消失2例,症状缓解10例,均为部分切除,保留部分囊壁。术中出现短暂脑脊液漏4例,经鞍底修复重建后所有患者术后均未出现脑脊液漏,未出现严重的术后并发症。结论鞍内囊肿经鼻蝶入路手术治疗安全有效,可明显改善患者的术前症状。对于术中出现脑脊液漏的病例,及时有效的鞍底修复重建,尽可能做到鞍底解剖还原,能够有效避免术后脑脊液漏及鞍底结构破坏导致的相关并发症。     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.     

Learning and forgetting new names and objects in MCI and AD

We studied how subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls learned and maintained the names of unfamiliar objects that were trained with or without semantic support (object definitions). Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning of the definitions and recognition of the objects were tested during follow-up. We found that word learning was significantly impaired in MCI and AD patients, whereas forgetting patterns were similar across groups. Semantic support showed a beneficial effect on object name retrieval in the MCI group 8 weeks after training, suggesting that the MCI patients’ preserved semantic memory can compensate for impaired episodic memory. The MCI group performed equally well as the controls in the tasks measuring incidental learning and recognition memory, whereas the AD group showed impairment in this respect. Both the MCI and the AD group benefited less from phonological cueing than the controls. Our findings indicate that word learning is compromised in both MCI and AD, whereas long-term retention of newly learned words is not affected to the same extent. Incidental learning and recognition memory seem to be well preserved in MCI.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统 ,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达 ,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关。近年的研究表明 ,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白 ,能与多种因子如SV4 0大T抗原 ,腺病毒E1A ,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p5 3等结合 ,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb。necdin基因缺陷时 ,会引起脑内 ,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍。人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区 ,可能与PWS的一些症状有关。本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况 ,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述     

Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关.近年的研究表明,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白,能与多种因子如SV40大T抗原,腺病毒E1A,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p53等结合,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb.necdin基因缺陷时,会引起脑内,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍.人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区,可能与PWS的一些症状有关.本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述.     

Retrospective and prospective design and data

The study of the presentation, symptomatology and family characteristics of an exclusively adolescent sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was undertaken. Twenty-four cases of borderline personality disorder, 20 females, 4 males, identified using chart review and meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) and DSM III-R, were matched with psychiatric controls. Adolescents with borderline personality disorder were found to have high rates of affective symptomatology with Axis I diagnosis of major depressive disorder - MDD (DSM-III-R), and high rates of interpersonal psychopathology, i.e., manipulation, devaluation, and a pervasive sense of boredom. The latter seem to be characteristic as for adults with borderline personality disorder. The families were particularly angry and volatile.     

Cortisol levels and depression in men and women using heroin and cocaine

Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are well documented in men using illicit drugs and/or infected with HIV; however, less is known about HPA function, or the health consequence of HPA dysfunction, in their female counterparts. People with depression exhibit hypercortisolemia, and depression is common in people with HIV or substance use problems. The current study investigated cortisol secretion in 209 demographically matched men and women, stratified by their HIV and drug use status. Self-reported depressive symptoms were evaluated using a standardized, validated questionnaire (CES-D). Women reported more depressive symptoms than men (p=.01). Male and female drug users exhibited higher cortisol concentrations (p=.03), and were more likely to report depressive symptoms (p=.04), than non-users. Depression was related to elevated cortisol concentrations for the study population (p=.03), and women with elevated cortisol concentrations were significantly more depressed than all other participants (p=.05). While it is unknown whether high cortisol concentrations precede depressive symptoms or vice versa, these data indicate that higher cortisol concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in heroin and cocaine users, and that this association is more pronounced in women than men. HIV status did not act in an additive or synergistic way with drug use for either cortisol or CES-D measures in the current study. Unique therapies to treat the endocrine and mental health consequences of illicit drug use in men and women deserve consideration as depressive symptoms, and high cortisol concentrations associated with depressive symptoms, differ by gender.     

相关性和一致性：这对相仿概念和测量方法的回顾与阐明

概述：一致性(agreement)和相关性(correlation)是两个广泛使用的概念,用来评估变量之间的关联。虽然二者相似且相关,但是它们代表关联完全不同的概念。评估变量之间的一致性假设变量测量的是相同的结构,而在变量测量完全不同的结构时也可以评估它们之间的相关性。这种概念上的差异就要求使用不同的统计方法,并且当评估一致性或相关性时,统计方法根据数据的分布和研究者的兴趣可能会有所不同。例如, Pearson相关性,作为评估连续变量之间相关性的一种普遍测量方法,只有用于符合线性关系的变量时才能提供有用的信息;当用于不符合线性关系的变量时就无法提供准确信息甚至会产生误导。同样地,内部相关性,作为一种评估连续变量之间一致性的常用方法,如果一致性不好的实质正好是研究兴趣所在,那么该测量就不能为研究者提供充分的信息。本报告回顾了一致性和相关性的概念,并讨论了几种常用方法在应用中的差异。