急性脑梗死患者颈动脉病变及相关卒中危险因素分析

目的观察急性脑梗死患者颈动脉病变情况及与临床卒中危险因素的相关性。方法收集同期入院的急性脑梗死患者和非脑梗死患者各60例,分为观察组及对照组,通过颈动脉超声观察颈动脉病变情况,同时比较2组患者高血压、糖尿病情况及血脂等指标。结果 2组颈动脉病变情况无显著性差异(P0.05);观察组高血压合并糖尿病患者明显多于对照组,颈总动脉分叉处存在斑块且为高血压合并糖尿病患者观察组明显高于对照组,2组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论存在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块且为高血压合并糖尿病患者易患急性脑梗死,应积极预防治疗。     

非老年脑梗死患者发病的相关因素研究

目的研究非老年脑梗死患者发病的相关因素。方法选取2012-03—2014-03在我院接受治疗的150例梗死患者进行研究,将患者分为非老年组和老年组,统计2组患者的睡眠情况、高血压史、高血脂史、糖尿病史、吸烟、酗酒、家族史等情况,并进行统计学分析。结果实验组睡眠质量差者明显高于对照组;实验组中吸烟者明显高于对照组;实验组有糖尿病史者明显低于对照组;实验组中高同型半胱氨酸人数明显低于对照组;实验组中有家族史者明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论影响非老年脑梗死患者发病的相关因素较多,其中睡眠质量差、高血压史、高血脂史、吸烟、酗酒、糖尿病史、高同型半胱氨酸和有家族史等因素均与患者发病相关。其中,睡眠质量差为对非老年脑梗死患者最危险的因素,需要广大患者注意。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死的相关性分析

目的研究血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者的关系。方法选择我院住院的老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者53例(观察组),单纯老年2型糖尿病患者38例(对照组),检测血浆Hcy水平、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及各项血脂指标,研究其相关性。结果在2组患者血糖糖化血红蛋白的均控制相对良好的情况下,观察组血脂、血浆同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Hcy是老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者的重要危险因素之一。     

成都地区老年多发性腔隙性梗死临床分析

目的研究成都地区老年多发性腔隙性梗死的危险因素及治疗药物,以期为临床提供一定的参考。方法选取2013-01—2014-02入院诊治的老年多发性腔隙性梗死患者106例,观察患者的基础疾病,分析老年多发性腔隙性梗死的危险因素。根据数字随机表法分为实验组(53例)和对照组(53例),2组患者均应用常规疗法治疗,其中实验组在常规治疗基础上应用恩必普软胶囊,对照组应用阿司匹林肠溶片,观察2组治疗效果与药物不良反应。结果多发性腔隙性梗死患者中以合并高血压居多,占61.32%,其次为心脏病,占36.79%,38.68%的患者合并2种或2种以上基础疾病。治疗前2组患者NDS评分与DI评分无显著差异;治疗后实验组NDS评分8.51±3.13,对照组为12.66±3.90;实验组BI评分65.87±22.62,对照组为58.86±20.01,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组总有效率86.79%,对照组为73.57%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年多发性腔隙性梗死的危险因素为高血压与心脏病。恩必普治疗多发性腔隙性梗死的疗效显著,可有效改善患者的神经功能缺损与日常活动能力。     

脑血管病患者血脂水平改变的临床意义

目的 :探讨脑血管病患者血脂变化规律。方法 :脑梗死患者 10 6例、脑出血患者 6 5例和非脑血管病患者 83例 ;脑梗死组又分为初发和复发、<6 0和≥ 6 0岁、以及合并高血压、糖尿病和冠心病等亚组。用比色法测定甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)、总胆固醇 (TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL -C)水平。结果 :脑梗死组血清TC、TG和LDL -C水平明显高于对照组 ,而HDL -C水平与对照组无明显差异。老年脑梗死组TC、TG水平显著高于对照组 ;复发脑梗死组TC、LDL -C水平显著高于对照组 ;脑出血患者血脂指标和对照组相比无显著差异 ;合并高血压和糖尿病组血清TC、TG和LDL -C均高于单纯脑梗死组和对照组。结论 :血清TC、LDL -C主要与复发性脑梗死有关 ,而TC、TG主要与老年脑梗死发生有关 ;血清TC、TG和LDL -C升高与脑梗死合并高血压和糖尿病有关     

进展性脑梗死的相关因素分析

目的探讨进展性脑梗死患者的危险因素。方法回顾性分析了60例进展性脑梗死患者的血压、血糖、血脂及纤维蛋白原指标,并进行统计学处理。结果进展性脑梗死患者合并高血压例数明显高于稳定性脑梗死组(P<0·01),血糖、血脂和纤维蛋白原指标也高于对照组。结论高血压、糖尿病、高血脂及高纤维蛋白原血症是进展性脑梗死患者的危险因素。     

进展性脑卒中危险因素

目的对进展性脑梗死患者进行观察,分析其危险因素。方法对50例进展性脑梗死患者与同期的非进展性脑梗死患者的并发症、实验室检查、梗死部位进行分析。结果进展性脑梗死患者合并感染、糖尿病、心理障碍、低灌注及特定部位的比例高于对照组,高血压、高血脂症及心脏疾病与对照组无明显差异。结论感染、糖尿病、心理障碍、低灌注及特定部位是进展性脑梗死患者的重要危险因素,而高血压、高血脂症及心脏疾病与进展性脑梗死无特定关系。     

老年糖尿病无症状性脑梗死临床特点及危险因素探讨

目的探讨老年糖尿病患者合并无症状性脑梗死的临床特点及危险因素。方法2001-01～2006-05将我院门诊及住院老年性糖尿病并无症状性脑梗死38例为观察组,非糖尿病并无症状性脑梗死36例为对照组,比较2组头颅CT特点及血胆固醇、甘油三酯、体重指数、高密度脂蛋白、纤维蛋白原等指标。结果老年糖尿病组多灶性脑梗死与非糖尿病之间的差异有显著性,血胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、纤维蛋白原、体重指数的差异亦有显著性。结论老年糖尿病并无症状性脑梗死以多灶性脑梗死多见,老年糖尿病合并高甘油三酯、高胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白降低、肥胖的患者易致无症状性脑梗死。     

脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者梗死特点及血清学分析

目的探讨合并2型糖尿病的脑梗死患者梗死特点及血清生化指标变化。方法选取2017-05—2018-04在河南大学第一附属医院进行诊治的120例脑梗死患者,根据是否合并2型糖尿病分为A组(脑梗死合并2型糖尿病)和B组(脑梗死未合并2型糖尿病),每组60例。比较2组患者的病情、血脂及血清UA、TNF?α、ADPN、hs-CRP、Hcy水平。结果 A组患者大面积梗死、腔隙性梗死、多发性梗死、再发性梗死的比例均明显高于B组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的尿酸以及血脂水平均明显高于B组,2组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的TNF?α、Hcy、Hs-CRP水平均明显高于B组,而ADPN水平明显低于B组,2组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论合并2型糖尿病的脑梗死患者其梗死病情以及预后与患者的血糖水平均有密切关系,因此尽早地控制血糖及血脂水平,对于脑梗死的治疗和预后具有重要的促进作用。     

糖尿病并脑梗死36例治疗体会

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并脑梗死的临床特点,提高临床早期诊断及治疗的效果。方法回顾性分析36例糖尿病合并脑梗死患者诊疗资料,并与同期36例非糖尿病性脑梗死患者的治疗资料进行对比。结果 糖尿病合并脑梗死患者的血脂紊乱及血压异常发生率、梗死面积均明显增高,且治疗效果差。与非糖尿病性脑梗死患者对比,2组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 糖尿病并脑梗死的发生和预后主要与血糖、高血压、脂质代谢紊乱、高凝状态长期损害关系密切,控制血糖、血压、血脂及早期诊断等综合措施,对提高糖尿病性脑梗死早期干预和治疗效果具有积极意义。     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.     

Learning and forgetting new names and objects in MCI and AD

We studied how subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls learned and maintained the names of unfamiliar objects that were trained with or without semantic support (object definitions). Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning of the definitions and recognition of the objects were tested during follow-up. We found that word learning was significantly impaired in MCI and AD patients, whereas forgetting patterns were similar across groups. Semantic support showed a beneficial effect on object name retrieval in the MCI group 8 weeks after training, suggesting that the MCI patients’ preserved semantic memory can compensate for impaired episodic memory. The MCI group performed equally well as the controls in the tasks measuring incidental learning and recognition memory, whereas the AD group showed impairment in this respect. Both the MCI and the AD group benefited less from phonological cueing than the controls. Our findings indicate that word learning is compromised in both MCI and AD, whereas long-term retention of newly learned words is not affected to the same extent. Incidental learning and recognition memory seem to be well preserved in MCI.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统 ,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达 ,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关。近年的研究表明 ,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白 ,能与多种因子如SV4 0大T抗原 ,腺病毒E1A ,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p5 3等结合 ,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb。necdin基因缺陷时 ,会引起脑内 ,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍。人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区 ,可能与PWS的一些症状有关。本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况 ,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述     

Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关.近年的研究表明,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白,能与多种因子如SV40大T抗原,腺病毒E1A,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p53等结合,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb.necdin基因缺陷时,会引起脑内,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍.人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区,可能与PWS的一些症状有关.本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述.     

Retrospective and prospective design and data

The study of the presentation, symptomatology and family characteristics of an exclusively adolescent sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was undertaken. Twenty-four cases of borderline personality disorder, 20 females, 4 males, identified using chart review and meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) and DSM III-R, were matched with psychiatric controls. Adolescents with borderline personality disorder were found to have high rates of affective symptomatology with Axis I diagnosis of major depressive disorder - MDD (DSM-III-R), and high rates of interpersonal psychopathology, i.e., manipulation, devaluation, and a pervasive sense of boredom. The latter seem to be characteristic as for adults with borderline personality disorder. The families were particularly angry and volatile.     

Cortisol levels and depression in men and women using heroin and cocaine

Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are well documented in men using illicit drugs and/or infected with HIV; however, less is known about HPA function, or the health consequence of HPA dysfunction, in their female counterparts. People with depression exhibit hypercortisolemia, and depression is common in people with HIV or substance use problems. The current study investigated cortisol secretion in 209 demographically matched men and women, stratified by their HIV and drug use status. Self-reported depressive symptoms were evaluated using a standardized, validated questionnaire (CES-D). Women reported more depressive symptoms than men (p=.01). Male and female drug users exhibited higher cortisol concentrations (p=.03), and were more likely to report depressive symptoms (p=.04), than non-users. Depression was related to elevated cortisol concentrations for the study population (p=.03), and women with elevated cortisol concentrations were significantly more depressed than all other participants (p=.05). While it is unknown whether high cortisol concentrations precede depressive symptoms or vice versa, these data indicate that higher cortisol concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in heroin and cocaine users, and that this association is more pronounced in women than men. HIV status did not act in an additive or synergistic way with drug use for either cortisol or CES-D measures in the current study. Unique therapies to treat the endocrine and mental health consequences of illicit drug use in men and women deserve consideration as depressive symptoms, and high cortisol concentrations associated with depressive symptoms, differ by gender.     

相关性和一致性：这对相仿概念和测量方法的回顾与阐明

概述：一致性(agreement)和相关性(correlation)是两个广泛使用的概念,用来评估变量之间的关联。虽然二者相似且相关,但是它们代表关联完全不同的概念。评估变量之间的一致性假设变量测量的是相同的结构,而在变量测量完全不同的结构时也可以评估它们之间的相关性。这种概念上的差异就要求使用不同的统计方法,并且当评估一致性或相关性时,统计方法根据数据的分布和研究者的兴趣可能会有所不同。例如, Pearson相关性,作为评估连续变量之间相关性的一种普遍测量方法,只有用于符合线性关系的变量时才能提供有用的信息;当用于不符合线性关系的变量时就无法提供准确信息甚至会产生误导。同样地,内部相关性,作为一种评估连续变量之间一致性的常用方法,如果一致性不好的实质正好是研究兴趣所在,那么该测量就不能为研究者提供充分的信息。本报告回顾了一致性和相关性的概念,并讨论了几种常用方法在应用中的差异。