学龄期肥胖儿童心脏自主神经功能分析

目的对学龄期肥胖儿童的心率减速力(DC)、心率加速力(AC)及心率变异性(HRV)进行分析,并观察肥胖儿童体重指数(BMI)与DC、AC及HRV的相关性。方法选取学龄期肥胖儿童108例,其中血脂正常组75例,血脂异常组33例,另选取103例学龄期健康儿童为对照组。对所有受试者行24 h动态心电图检查,分别将肥胖组与对照组、肥胖儿童中血脂异常组与血脂正常组的DC、AC及HRV进行比较,并将肥胖儿童的BMI与DC、AC及HRV进行相关性分析。结果肥胖组的DC、RR间期总体标准差(SDNN)、RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)均低于对照组,AC高于对照组(P0.05)。肥胖儿童中血脂异常组的DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF均低于血脂正常组,AC、BMI高于血脂正常组(P0.01)。肥胖儿童BMI与DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、HF呈明显负相关(P0.05);与AC呈明显正相关(P0.05)。结论学龄期肥胖儿童的自主神经功能受损,表现为迷走神经张力减低,其中合并血脂异常者以上表现尤为突出。肥胖程度越高,迷走神经张力越低,发生心血管疾病的危险性可能越大。     

甲状腺功能亢进症儿童的甲状腺激素与心率减速力及心率变异性的相关性

目的 对甲状腺功能亢进症（简称“甲亢”）儿童的心率减速力（DC）、心率加速力（AC）、心率变异性（HRV）进行分析,并探讨甲亢儿童的血清甲状腺激素水平与DC、AC及HRV的关系。方法 选取甲亢儿童47例,另选取50例健康儿童为对照组,对所有受试者行24 h动态心电图检查,将甲亢组与对照组的DC、AC、心率（HR）及HRV各指标[RR间期总体标准差（SDNN）、RR间期平均值的标准差（SDANN）、相邻RR间期差值的均方根（RMSSD）、低频功率（LF）、高频功率（HF）]进行比较,并将甲亢儿童的甲状腺激素指标[游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）]与DC、AC及HRV各指标进行相关性分析。结果 甲亢组的DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF均低于对照组;AC和HR均高于对照组（P < 0.05）。甲亢儿童的血清FT3、FT4与DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF均呈负相关（P < 0.05）;与AC和HR呈正相关（P < 0.05）。结论 甲亢儿童的心脏自主神经功能受损,表现为迷走神经张力降低。血清甲状腺激素水平越高,迷走神经张力越低,提示发生心血管疾病的危险性越大。     

特发性性早熟女童心脏自主神经功能分析

目的研究特发性性早熟(ICPP)女童的心脏自主神经功能状态。方法选取ICPP女童66例,其中合并肥胖36例,非肥胖30例;另选年龄相匹配的健康女童68例(正常对照)及单纯肥胖女童51例为对照。对所有受试者行24 h动态心电图检查,比较组间的心率减速力(DC)、心率加速力(AC)、心率变异性(HRV)及体重指数(BMI)。结果 ICPP组的DC、RR间期总体标准差(SDNN)、RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)和高频功率(HF)均低于正常对照组,AC和BMI高于正常对照组;ICPP组的RMSSD、BMI均低于单纯肥胖组(P0.05)。ICPP女童中合并肥胖组的DC、RMSSD及HF均低于非肥胖组,AC和BMI高于非肥胖组(P0.05)。结论 ICPP女童的心脏自主神经功能紊乱,其中合并肥胖者尤为突出,以迷走神经张力降低为主。     

学龄前儿童病毒性心肌炎心率变异性与心率减速力分析

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎患儿心率变异性(HRV)与心率减速力(DC)各项指标变化的临床意义。方法对56例病毒性心肌炎患儿与58例正常对照儿童进行24 h动态心电图检查,应用美国DMS公司的动态心电分析系统软件,对HRV及DC各项参数进行分析对比;并分析DC与其他各项指标之间的相关性。结果与正常对照儿童比较,病毒性心肌炎患儿时域分析的各项参数包括正常窦性RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5 min时段内平均正常窦性RR间期的标准差(SDANN)、全程RR间期差的均方根(RMSSD)及频域分析的低频功率(LF)的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而高频功率(HF)显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且DC显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。相关性分析中,DC与SDNN、LF、HF均成正相关,其中与HF的相关性最强(r=0.51,P<0.01)。结论病毒性心肌炎患儿存在迷走神经功能受损,心率变异性中的HF与DC反映迷走神经功能的指标均显著降低,且两者具有很大相关性。     

Analysts on heart rate variability and deceleration capacity of heart rate in preschoolers with viral myocarditis

目的 探讨病毒性心肌炎患儿心率变异性(HRV)与心率减速力(DC)各项指标变化的临床意义.方法 对56例病毒性心肌炎患儿与58例正常对照儿童进行24h动态心电图检查,应用美国DMS公司的动态心电分析系统软件,对HRV及DC各项参数进行分析对比;并分析DC与其他各项指标之间的相关性.结果 与正常对照儿童比较,病毒性心肌炎患儿时域分析的各项参数包括正常窦性RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5 min时段内平均正常窦性RR间期的标准差(SDANN)、全程RR间期差的均方根(RMSSD)及频域分析的低频功率(LF)的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而高频功率(HF)显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且DC显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).相关性分析中,DC与SDNN、LF、HF均成正相关,其中与HF的相关性最强(r=0.51,P＜0.01).结论病毒性心肌炎患儿存在迷走神经功能受损,心率变异性中的HF与DC反映迷走神经功能的指标均显著降低,且两者具有很大相关性.     

维生素D缺乏对学龄前期肥胖儿童心脏自主神经功能的影响

目的 研究维生素D缺乏对学龄前期肥胖儿童心脏自主神经功能的影响。方法 242例学龄前期单纯性肥胖儿童,根据血清25-羟基维生素D（VitD）水平分为VitD缺乏组（76例）、VitD不足组（83例）及VitD充足组（83例）,将3组间心率减速力（DC）、心率加速力（AC）及心率变异性（HRV）进行比较;并分别将VitD不足组和缺乏组的VitD水平与DC、AC、HRV进行相关性分析。结果 DC、相邻RR间期差值的均方根（RMSSD）、低频功率（LF）以VitD缺乏组最低（P < 0.05）,AC值以VitD缺乏组最高（P < 0.05）,其中VitD不足组的DC、RMSSD和LF低于充足组,AC值高于充足组（P < 0.05）;VitD缺乏组的RR间期总体标准差（SDNN）、高频功率（HF）低于VitD充足组（P < 0.05）。VitD缺乏组的VitD水平与DC、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、LF、HF呈正相关（P < 0.05）,与AC呈负相关（P < 0.05）;VitD不足组的VitD水平与AC呈负相关（r=-0.257,P < 0.05）。结论 VitD不足和缺乏的学龄前期肥胖儿童均存在心脏自主神经功能障碍,且VitD浓度越低,心脏迷走神经张力越弱。     

阵发性室上性心动过速患儿的心率变异性分析

目的分析阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)患儿心率变异性(HRV),探讨自主神经系统活动在PSVT发生中的作用。方法选择25例PSVT患儿,其中16例为房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)患儿,30例健康儿童,分析及比较24 h HRV长程时域指标。结果与健康儿童相比,PSVT患儿RR间期总体标准差(SDNN)、相邻RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);而RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、RR间期标准差的平均值(SDNNindex)差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。16例AVRT患儿中,10例频繁发作患儿的SDNN、RMSSD、SDANN、SDNNindex均低于6例非频繁发作患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 PSVT患儿存在自主神经系统失衡,以迷走神经功能降低为主;频繁发作AVRT患儿心脏交感神经活动亦存在明显增强。     

健康婴儿心率减速力和心率变异性的变化及其相关性

目的观察健康婴儿的心率减速力(DC)、心率加速力(AC)和心率变异性(HRV)的变化及其相关性。方法 82例健康婴儿接受24h动态心电图检查,按月龄不同分为小婴儿组(6个月)和大婴儿组(6~12个月)。计算机自动测定其24 h的DC、AC及HRV时域指标(SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50)与频域指标(LF、HF);比较两组婴儿的DC、AC及HRV各项指标,并分析DC、AC与HRV各项指标之间的相关性。结果大婴儿组的DC为(3.96±1.53)ms明显高于小婴儿组的(3.20±1.44)ms,而AC为(-3.84±1.10)ms明显低于小婴儿组的(-3.11±0.95)ms,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。24 hDC与心率呈显著负相关(r=-0.56,P=0.000),与SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、LF和HF之间呈显著正相关(r=0.25~0.75,P均0.05);24h的AC值与心率呈显著正相关(r=0.78,P=0.000),与SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、LF和HF之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.88~-0.56,P均0.01)。结论婴儿期的DC与HRV多项指标随月龄增加而增大,AC随月龄增加而减小;DC、AC与心率及HRV各项指标密切相关。     

扩张型心肌病患儿心率变异改变及与心脏结构和功能的相关性

目的 研究扩张型心肌病(DCM)患儿的心率变异(HRV)改变及其与心脏结构和功能的相关性.方法 对36例DCM患儿和30例健康儿童分别进行24 h心率变异分析,得出连续平均正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、每5 min正常R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、每5 min正常RR间期标准差的平均值(SDNN index)、相邻RR间期≥50ms的百分数(PNN50)、相邻RR间期差的均方根(rMSSD)、总功率(TP)、低频成份(LF)、高频成分(HF)及LF/HF等指标.行常规超声心动图检查,取得左房舒张末期前后径(LAED)、左室舒张末期前后径(LVED)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、短轴缩短率(INFS)、二尖瓣峰值速度比值(E/A)等指标.对两组的上述指标进行比较,并分析DCM患儿的心率变异性与心脏结构和功能的相关性.结果 对照组男孩的SDNN、SDANN,SDNN index、rMSSD、PNN50、TP均高于女孩.DCM组男女的HRV差异无统计学意义,与对照组比较,DCM组的LF/HF显著升高,其余HRV指标明显下降;与对照组相比,DCM组的LAED和LVED显著增大,LVEF、LVFS及二尖瓣E/A均显著降低;DCM患儿的SDNN与LAED呈负相关关系,与LVEF、LVFS和E/A呈正相关关系(P均<0.05),其余HRV指标与心脏大小和功能无相关性.结论 DCM患儿存在明显的自主神经平衡失调,DCM患儿HRV的性别差异消失,均表现为迷走神经张力减退、交感神经相对激活.DCM患儿HRV中部分指标的改变与房室腔扩大和心功能下降有一定的相关性,部分HRV指标相对独立,将HRV指标与超声测量指标结合起来能更好地指导临床.     

肥胖儿童心率变异性分析

目的 了解肥胖儿童心率变异性的特征。方法 用Holter对62例单纯性肥胖儿童和61例非肥胖儿童连续记录24h心电信号，进行心率变异性分析。结果 肥胖儿童心率变异性的时域指标：窦性心律RR问期标准差(SDNN)和相邻窦性心律RR问期差的均方根(rMSSD)低于非肥胖儿童；频域指标：高频功率(HF)和低频功率(LF)低于非肥胖儿童，结果有统计学意义。结论 肥胖儿童心率变异性减小，迷走神经功能降低。     

Circadian rhythm of heart rate and heart rate variability

BACKGROUND—Measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) are increasingly used as markers of cardiac autonomic activity.AIM—To examine circadian variation in heart rate and HRV in children.SUBJECTS—A total of 57 healthy infants and children, aged 2 months to 15 years, underwent ambulatory 24 hour Holter recording. Monitoring was also performed on five teenagers with diabetes mellitus and subclinical vagal neuropathy in order to identify the origin of the circadian variation in HRV.METHODS—The following variables were determined hourly: mean RR interval, four time domain (SDNN, SDNNi, rMSSD, and pNN50) and four frequency domain indices (very low, low and high frequency indices, low to high frequency ratio). A chronobiological analysis was made by cosinor method for each variable.RESULTS—A significant circadian variation in heart rate and HRV was present from late infancy or early childhood, characterised by a rise during sleep, except for the low to high frequency ratio that increased during daytime. The appearance of these circadian rhythms was associated with sleep maturation. Time of peak variability did not depend on age. Circadian variation was normal in patients with diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION—We have identified a circadian rhythm of heart rate and HRV in infants and children. Our data confirm a progressive maturation of the autonomic nervous system and support the hypothesis that the organisation of sleep, associated with sympathetic withdrawal, is responsible for these rhythms.     

Circadian rhythm of heart rate and heart rate variability.

BACKGROUND: Measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) are increasingly used as markers of cardiac autonomic activity. AIM: To examine circadian variation in heart rate and HRV in children. SUBJECTS: A total of 57 healthy infants and children, aged 2 months to 15 years, underwent ambulatory 24 hour Holter recording. Monitoring was also performed on five teenagers with diabetes mellitus and subclinical vagal neuropathy in order to identify the origin of the circadian variation in HRV. METHODS: The following variables were determined hourly: mean RR interval, four time domain (SDNN, SDNNi, rMSSD, and pNN50) and four frequency domain indices (very low, low and high frequency indices, low to high frequency ratio). A chronobiological analysis was made by cosinor method for each variable. RESULTS: A significant circadian variation in heart rate and HRV was present from late infancy or early childhood, characterised by a rise during sleep, except for the low to high frequency ratio that increased during daytime. The appearance of these circadian rhythms was associated with sleep maturation. Time of peak variability did not depend on age. Circadian variation was normal in patients with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: We have identified a circadian rhythm of heart rate and HRV in infants and children. Our data confirm a progressive maturation of the autonomic nervous system and support the hypothesis that the organisation of sleep, associated with sympathetic withdrawal, is responsible for these rhythms.     

Does fetal heart rate predict subsequent heart rate in childhood?

An investigation to determine whether there is any relationship between extremes of fetal heart rate during labour and subsequent heart rate at the age of 10 was carried out using data from the 1970 cohort of British Births. In 11,000 nationally representative children it was found that low fetal heart rate (below 120 beats/min) was associated with a heart rate at age 10 which was significantly lower than in those children whose fetal heart rate had remained between 120 and 160 beats/min (P less than 0.01). This relationship could not be explained by fetal asphyxiation, maternal antenatal hypotension or the method of pain relief during labour. There was no equivalent relationship with high fetal heart rate during labour. This could imply that some fetuses with low heart rates are not exhibiting fetal distress but have an inherent tendency to relatively slow heart rates.     

正常儿童动态心电图窦性心率及心率变异分析

目的探讨正常儿童心率及心率变异性(HRV)特点。方法对804例正常儿童进行24h全程动态心电图检查,分析心率及HRV。结果不同年龄儿童窦性心率范围不同,年龄越小心率越快;儿童不同性别间HRV中24h内全部正常心动周期的标准差(SDNN)、24h内每5minNN间期标准差的平均值(SDNNindex)、NN50占所有N-N间期个数的百分数(PNN50)、极低频率(VLF)、低频(LF)差异有显著性;儿童不同年龄组间24h内5min节段平均心动周期的标准差(SDANN)、VLF、LF、全程相邻NN间期之间的均方根值(rMSSD)差异有显著性;儿童组与成人正常参考值中SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD差异有显著性,rMSSD儿童组中明显高于成人组。结论HRV是一种反映自主神经活性及其平衡的能定量、可重复的非侵入性的检测方法,是自主神经系统与心血管系统相互制约的结果。不同年龄、不同性别间儿童HRV存在显著差异;儿童组与成人参考值存在显著差异,尤其rMSSD儿童明显高于成人,提示儿童的自主神经功能较成人活跃,而随着年龄增长自主神经功能减退,尤其是迷走神经的紧张抑制功能明显减退。     

Heart rate turbulence in children--age and heart rate relationships

Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a chronotropic response of the sinus heart rhythm to ventricular premature beat (VPB). Children show decreasing heart rate together with the maturation of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of the research was to assess the relationship between HRT parameters, age, and heart rate and time domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in healthy children. Twenty-four-hour ECG Holter recording was performed on 398 healthy children. The mean RR interval preceding VPB, number of VPBs, and HRT parameters-turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS)-were determined. We observed significant correlation among TS and mean RR and age. Children with prepubertal status have lower values of TS compared with those during puberty. According to given quartiles, upper for TO was > or =-0.8%, lower for TS was < or =4.56 ms/RR, 13 patients (3%) obtained abnormal both TO and TS. The correlations between HRT and HRV parameters were observed among the youngest children. Age and heart rate preceding VPB have no effect on HRT onset in children, whereas HRT slope is highly dependent on these variables. Our results support hypothesis that in older children HRT is dependent on autonomic tone and also determined by other intrinsic modulators.     

心率变异性、心率减速力与静脉注射免疫球蛋白无反应川崎病的相关性

目的:探讨川崎病(KD)患儿急性期心率变异性(HRV)、心率减速力(DC)与静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)无反应KD的关系。方法:纳入2015年8月至2019年5月成都市妇女儿童中心医院收治的临床资料完整的KD患儿679例进行前瞻性队列研究,选择同期进行健康体检儿童150例为健康对照组。根据接受初始IVIG治疗14 d...     

心肌炎患儿与正常儿童心率及心率变异性比较分析

目的 研究不同年龄心肌炎患儿的心率及心率变异性(HRV)改变的特点和相关性.方法 对120例心肌炎患儿进行24 h全程动态心电图检查,与804例正常儿童的心率及HRV进行比较分析.结果 7岁以下患儿最慢心率较正常增快,最快心率比较变化无差异,7～18岁患儿心率监测指标均异常;3～7岁心肌炎患儿与正常儿童比较每5分钟R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)无变化,各组其他HRV指标均降低.结论 心肌炎患儿的HRV普遍降低,提示心脏自主神经系统的总体功能受损,以迷走神经张力降低为主,交感神经张力相对增强.