脾大贫血血小板减少

1　病历简介患者男 ,4 0岁。因左上腹隐痛 1个月 ,加重伴皮肤黏膜黄染 10d于 2 0 0 2 - 0 7- 0 1入院。患者入院前 1个月无明显原因出现左上腹隐痛 ,无恶心、呕吐、厌食 ,无腹胀、腹泻 ,在当地医院按“慢性胃炎”治疗 ,无效。入院前 10d上述症状加重 ,并出现全身乏力、浓茶色尿     

酷似心肌梗死的重症心肌炎一例报告

1 病历报告 患者,男性,37岁,因“腹胀、腹泻8d,伴心慌、乏力3d,加重3h”．于2007年1月1日22点入院。患者8d前出现全身酸痛,腹胀、纳差、腹泻,在卫生所以“肠炎”治疗,口服中药效果差。3d前伴心慌、胸闷、全身乏力,无发热、咳嗽、胸痛。3h前出现大汗,神志恍惚,四肢发凉,被家人急送入院。     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎合并神经纤维瘤1例报告

正1病例资料患者女性,46岁,因"尿黄、目黄1年,加重伴乏力5个月"于2014年12月11日收入吉林大学第一医院。入院前1年无明显诱因出现尿黄、目黄,未系统诊治,入院5个月前上述症状加重,并伴乏力,无皮肤瘙痒,无灰白便,既往发现皮肤肿物40余年,否认癫痫病史及相关神经系统疾病,否认家族性疾病史。     

系统性红斑狼疮重叠干燥综合征合并·病例报告·甲状腺功能亢进症一例

<正>1病例介绍患者,女,17岁。因心慌、气短、乏力2年余,加重2个月,伴口干3周入院。2年前在当地医院诊断"甲状腺功能亢进症",给予维生素B1、倍他乐克治疗(具体不详)。2个月前上述症状加重,活动后心悸、气喘明显,常伴腹泻,4~5次/d,无粘液、脓血。3周前无诱因出现口干,有反复无痛性口腔溃疡史。病程中无皮疹、光过敏、脱发、关节肿痛及晨僵。家族中无类似疾病史。查体:体温36.3℃,脉     

原发性系统性演粉样变性1例报告

1病例资料 女性患者,65岁,3 a前无明显诱因出现下肢乏力,偶有心慌,活动后加重,未诊治。1a前发现剑突下肿物,5个月前出现全身乏力,肋弓下可触及肿物,于当地医院未明确诊断,给予治疗后效果不佳。40 d前乏力加重,影响日常生活,于2013年3月就诊于吉林大学第一医院。病程中伴有口干、眼干、全身皮肤瘙痒,偶伴鼻衄,尿黄如豆油,近4 a体质量下降约20 kg。     

以门静脉高压症为主要临床表现的骨髓纤维化合并急性胆囊炎1例报告

正1病例资料患者女性,42岁,因"间断腹胀8年,便血1 d"入院。患者于8年前出现乏力、腹胀,行相关检查后诊断为"门静脉高压症、门静脉血栓、脾静脉血栓及肠系膜上静脉血栓"。后患者反复出现腹腔积液、胸腔积液、间断利尿治疗;1个月前患者出现气短,活动后加重。1 d前出现便血,量约1000 ml,暗红色,同时伴有心慌、大汗、一过性意识丧失,为治疗急诊入院。查     

咳嗽、腹痛、消瘦

病历摘要 患者男,62岁,因＂咳嗽3个月,腹痛、消瘦2个月＂于2010年10月29日入院。患者3个月前出现咳嗽,咳少量白痰,无发热、乏力、盗汗。2个月前无明显诱因出现腹胀、腹痛,腹痛无明显规律。1个月前因发热,体温39℃,在外院静点左氧氟沙星5 d后体温恢复正常。     

甲亢重症肝损害报告1例

1病例资料 患者,女,49岁,因间断发热、皮肤巩膜黄染半个月入院。患者入院前半个月无明显诱因出现发热,未测体温,自服维C银翘片（1片/次,3次/d）1.5 d后退热。随后出现皮肤巩膜黄染,伴有乏力、厌食、恶心,无腹痛,无陶土样大便,     

高血压合并心力衰竭和左心室血栓一例

<正>患者男性,33岁。主因"间断咳嗽、气短、乏力2个月余,加重伴双下肢水肿12 d"入院。现病史:2个月前,患者受凉后咳嗽,夜间明显,坐起后稍好转,需高枕位入睡,伴乏力,上过街天桥时气短,并出现尿中泡沫增多,夜尿增多,2～4次/夜,自服"感冒胶囊"后好转。20 d前,登山后出现气短、大汗,未诊治。16 d前,无明显诱因出现咳嗽、咳黄痰、流     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄兼关闭不全巨大心房继发重度右心衰竭抢救一例体会

1临床资料 患者，女性，35岁，以乏力、气短2年，加重伴腹胀2个月为主诉入院。患者2年前出现乏力、气短，近年来该症状逐渐加重，2个月前出现胸闷、心慌及夜间呼吸困难伴腹水、下肢浮肿，且该症状逐渐加重。入院查体：患者呈慢性病容，贫血貌。T：36．8℃，P：70次／min，     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

A Call to Action to Enhance Filovirus Disease Outbreak Preparedness and Response

The frequency and magnitude of recognized and declared filovirus-disease outbreaks have increased in recent years, while pathogenic filoviruses are potentially ubiquitous throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Meanwhile, the efficiency and effectiveness of filovirus-disease outbreak preparedness and response efforts are currently limited by inherent challenges and persistent shortcomings. This paper delineates some of these challenges and shortcomings and provides a proposal for enhancing future filovirus-disease outbreak preparedness and response. The proposal serves as a call for prompt action by the organizations that comprise filovirus-disease outbreak response teams, namely, Ministries of Health of outbreak-prone countries, the World Health Organization, Médecins Sans Frontières, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—Atlanta, and others.     

Interplay between interferon-mediated innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against viral infection, and in turn, viruses have evolved to evade host immune surveillance. As a result, viruses may persist in host and develop chronic infections. Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) are among the most potent antiviral cytokines triggered by viral infections. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease of pigs that is characterized by negligible induction of type I IFNs and viral persistence for an extended period. For IFN production, RIG-I/MDA5 and JAK-STAT pathways are two major signaling pathways, and recent studies indicate that PRRS virus is armed to modulate type I IFN responses during infection. This review describes the viral strategies for modulation of type I IFN responses. At least three non-structural proteins (Nsp1, Nsp2, and Nsp11) and a structural protein (N nucleocapsid protein) have been identified and characterized to play roles in the IFN suppression and NF-κB pathways. Nsp's are early proteins while N is a late protein, suggesting that additional signaling pathways may be involved in addition to the IFN pathway. The understanding of molecular bases for virus-mediated modulation of host innate immune signaling will help us design new generation vaccines and control PRRS.     

Disease Pandemics and Major Epidemics Arising From New Encounters between Indigenous Viruses and Introduced Crops

Virus disease pandemics and epidemics that occur in the world’s staple food crops pose a major threat to global food security, especially in developing countries with tropical or subtropical climates. Moreover, this threat is escalating rapidly due to increasing difficulties in controlling virus diseases as climate change accelerates and the need to feed the burgeoning global population escalates. One of the main causes of these pandemics and epidemics is the introduction to a new continent of food crops domesticated elsewhere, and their subsequent invasion by damaging virus diseases they never encountered before. This review focusses on providing historical and up-to-date information about pandemics and major epidemics initiated by spillover of indigenous viruses from infected alternative hosts into introduced crops. This spillover requires new encounters at the managed and natural vegetation interface. The principal virus disease pandemic examples described are two (cassava mosaic, cassava brown streak) that threaten food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and one (tomato yellow leaf curl) doing so globally. A further example describes a virus disease pandemic threatening a major plantation crop producing a vital food export for West Africa (cacao swollen shoot). Also described are two examples of major virus disease epidemics that threaten SSA’s food security (rice yellow mottle, groundnut rosette). In addition, brief accounts are provided of two major maize virus disease epidemics (maize streak in SSA, maize rough dwarf in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions), a major rice disease epidemic (rice hoja blanca in the Americas), and damaging tomato tospovirus and begomovirus disease epidemics of tomato that impair food security in different world regions. For each pandemic or major epidemic, the factors involved in driving its initial emergence, and its subsequent increase in importance and geographical distribution, are explained. Finally, clarification is provided over what needs to be done globally to achieve effective management of severe virus disease pandemics and epidemics initiated by spillover events.     

Barrett's Esophagus: Where Do We Stand?

Barrett''s esophagus (BE) is a precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, which has an increased incidence rate over the last few decades. Its importance stems from the poor five-year survival of esophageal adenocarcinoma and current data that suggest a survival benefit when surveillance programs are implemented. In this review, we will cover the pathophysiology and natural history of BE and the different endoscopic findings. The prevalence of BE in different geographic areas and the incidence of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in this patient population is reviewed. Recent recommendation for screening and surveillance of BE has been covered in this review as well as the efficacy of nonconventional imaging modalities and endoscopic ablation therapies.     

The Technology Transfer from Europe to China in the 17th–18th Centuries: Non-Invasive On-Site XRF and Raman Analyses of Chinese Qing Dynasty Enameled Masterpieces Made Using European Ingredients/Recipes

Two masterpieces of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912 CE), one in gilded brass (incense burner) decorated with cloisonné enamels stylistically attributed to the end of the Kangxi Emperor’s reign, the other in gold (ewer offered by Napoleon III to the Empress as a birthday present), decorated with both cloisonné and painted enamels bearing the mark of the Qianlong Emperor, were non-invasively studied by optical microscopy, Raman microspectroscopy and X-ray microfluorescence spectroscopy (point measurements and mapping) implemented on-site with mobile instruments. The elemental compositions of the metal substrates and enamels are compared. XRF point measurements and mappings support the identification of the coloring phases and elements obtained by Raman microspectroscopy. Attention was paid to the white (opacifier), blue, yellow, green, and red areas. The demonstration of arsenic-based phases (e.g., lead arsenate apatite) in the blue areas of the ewer, free of manganese, proves the use of cobalt imported from Europe. The high level of potassium confirms the use of smalt as the cobalt source. On the other hand, the significant manganese level indicates the use of Asian cobalt ores for the enamels of the incense burner. The very limited use of the lead pyrochlore pigment (European Naples yellow recipes) in the yellow and soft green cloisonné enamels of the Kangxi incense burner, as well as the use of traditional Chinese recipes for other colors (white, turquoise, dark green, red), reinforces the pioneering character of this object in technical terms at the 17th–18th century turn. The low level of lead in the cloisonné enamels of the incense burner may also be related to the use of European recipes. On the contrary, the Qianlong ewer displays all the enameling techniques imported from Europe to obtain a painted decoration of exceptional quality with the use of complex lead pyrochlore pigments, with or without addition of zinc, as well as cassiterite opacifier.