经尿道绿激光膀胱颈汽化术治疗女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻的临床研究

目的评估采用经尿道绿激光膀胱颈汽化术治疗女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻(primary bladder neck obstruction,PBNO)的可行性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析山东大学附属省立医院泌尿微创中心自2012年1月至2015年1月收治的55例女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻患者,采用经尿道绿激光膀胱颈汽化术进行治疗,记录并分析这些患者的术中、术后各项指标,评估手术治疗的效果。结果 55例患者手术均获成功,术中无明显出血,平均手术时间22分钟(15~30分钟),术后最大尿流率(maximum uroflow rate,Q_(max))(21.3±5.16)ml/s(14.7~26.9ml/s),排尿后平均膀胱残余尿量(postvoid residual,PVR)由术前(112.4±87.3)ml减少至(24.3±15.4)ml,术后最大尿流率时达到的逼尿肌压由术前的(67.22±12.33)cmH_2O减至(21.07±7.52)cmH_2O。55例患者的排尿功能均得到明显改善,无术中、术后严重并发症出现。结论对女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻患者采用经尿道绿激光膀胱颈汽化术是一种易于操作、创伤小、疗效好、并发症少的手术方法,值得推广。     

经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的临床分析

目的探讨经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术(TURBN)加钩状电极颈口切开治疗63例女性膀胱颈梗阻。术前均行尿流动力学检查和膀胱镜检查,45例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇切除术,18例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇切除术加膀胱颈12点位纵行切开术。结果平均手术时间15(10～46)min,失血<10ml,无水中毒及尿失禁发生。术后病理报告为膀胱颈黏膜下纤维组织增生伴玻璃样变性,部分平滑肌变性增生及黏膜下炎性细胞浸润。本组63例均获随访,平均13.5(1～24)个月,治疗后生活质量评分由4.3±1.2降至1.6±0.5(P<0.01),最大尿流率由4.8±2.6ml/s升至19.2±5.8ml/s(P<0.01),残余尿量由320.5±168.5ml降至26.3±16.4ml(P<0.01)。结论经尿道双极等离子电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的有效方法。     

经尿道针状电极膀胱颈内切开治疗膀胱颈挛缩

目的:探讨治疗膀胱颈挛缩的有效手术方法。方法:对17例膀胱颈挛缩患者行经尿道针状电极膀胱颈内切开术。结果:17例患者术后无明显残余尿,最大尿流率为12.3~27.2ml/s,主诉症状好转。结论:经尿道针状电极膀胱颈内切开治疗膀胱颈挛缩,疗效确切,术后不易复发。     

经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻(附18例临床分析)

目的探讨经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法采用经尿道双极等离子膀胱颈电切术治疗18例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者。结果平均手术时间16(11～48)min,失血<10ml,无水中毒及尿失禁发生。术后病理报告为膀胱颈粘膜下纤维组织增生伴玻璃样变性,部分平滑肌变性增生及粘膜下炎性细胞浸润。本组18例患者均获随访,平均12(4～23)个月,治疗后生活质量评分由4.2±1.1降至1.7±0.5(P<0.01),最大尿流率由(3.8±2.9)ml/s升至(16.0±6.4)ml/s(P<0.01),残余尿量由(355.5±196.5)ml降至(34.5±18.9)ml(P<0.01)。结论经尿道双极等离子电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻有效的腔内治疗方法。     

经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗女性膀胱颈增生(附26例报告)

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗女性膀胱颈增生的疗效.方法 1998年2月～2005年3月对26例女性膀胱颈增生行经尿道膀胱颈电切术(transurethral resection of bladder neck,TURBn).从6点开始电切,并向5、7点扩展,切除膀胱颈3～9点增生的组织,深0.5～1.0cm达肌纤维,长度1.0～2.0cm.结果 26例手术过程顺利.术后留置尿管3～5d.26例术前最大尿流率(Qmax)(9.0 6.6)ml/s升至术后(23.0 7.0)ml/s(t=4.213,P=0.004).1例出现短期的尿失禁,无一例发生尿瘘.26例随访0.5～7.0年,平均2.3年,24例拔除尿管后排尿通畅,下尿路梗阻症状消失,最大尿流率(Qmax)＞15ml/s;2例排尿困难较术前明显改善,最大尿流率(Qmax)分别为13、11ml/s.结论 TURBn是治疗女性膀胱颈增生的有效方法.     

女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻诊疗探讨

目的：总结女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻（PBNO）的诊断思路及步骤,以提高对女性PBNO的诊断水平,探讨经尿道膀胱颈切开术（TUIBN）对女性PBNO的治疗效果。方法：于2007年3月～2009年1月期间共确诊女性PBNO患者22例,其中19例通过常规尿动力学检查辅以膀胱尿道造影确诊,3例通过影像尿动力学检查确诊。全部患者均在口服α1-受体阻滞剂保守治疗无效后入院接受TUIBN治疗。收集患者术前及术后最大尿流率、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压、剩余尿量和国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）指标进行比较,分析TUIBN术对女性PBNO的治疗效果。结果：术后22例随访2～24个月,其中12例随访尿动力学及IPSS评分;9例仅随访IPSS评分;1例失访。21例患者手术前后IPSS评分分别为（27．28±2．42）及（8．22±3．89）（P〈0．001）;复查尿动力学的12例手术前后指标比较,最大尿流率分别为（7．53上3．12）ml／s及（13．62±5．02）ml／s（P=0．017）;剩余尿量分别为（中位数80;QU-QL=155～65）ml及（46．11±19．97）ml（P=0．018）;最大尿流率时逼尿肌压分别为（8．82±3．23）kPa及（6．00±2．58）kPa（P=0．003）。结论：常规尿动力学结合膀胱尿道造影检查能较准确、有效地诊断女性PBNO,并能达到与影像尿动力学检查相接近的诊断水平。对口服α1-受体阻滞剂治疗无效的女性PBNO患者,TUIBN是安全、有效的治疗手段。     

经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的临床分析

目的探讨经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术（TURBN）加钩状电极颈口切开治疗63例女性膀胱颈梗阻。术前均行尿流动力学检查和膀胱镜检查,45例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇切除术,18例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇切除术加膀胱颈12点位纵行切开术。结果平均手术时间15（10～46）min,失血〈10ml,无水中毒及尿失禁发生。术后病理报告为膀胱颈黏膜下纤维组织增生伴玻璃样变性,部分平滑肌变性增生及黏膜下炎性细胞浸润。本组63例均获随访,平均13.5（1～24）个月,治疗后生活质量评分由4.3±1.2降至1.6±0.5（P〈0.01）,最大尿流率由4.8±2.6ml/s升至19.2±5.8ml/s（P〈0.01）,残余尿量由320.5±168.5ml降至26.3±16.4ml（P〈0.01）。结论经尿道双极等离子电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的有效方法。     

A型肉毒毒素注射尿道括约肌治疗下尿路功能障碍:单中心14年经验

目的:评价A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)尿道括约肌注射临床使用效果分析。方法:我院2002年9月~2016年12月对51例有不同程度排尿困难或合并尿失禁的患者尿道括约肌注射BTX-A,注射部位包含尿道外括约肌(29例)、逼尿肌联合尿道外括约肌(16例)和尿道内括约肌联合尿道外括约肌(6例),所有患者治疗前均按国际尿控协会(ICS)标准进行影像尿动力检查,包括膀胱压力、容积、流率测定和尿道压力描记(UPP),指标包含最大尿流率(Q_max)、输尿管反流压(Pdet.reflux)、逼尿肌漏尿点压(DLPP)和最大尿道压力(Pura.max)。排尿后残余尿量(PVR)使用导尿法测定,治疗前查泌尿系超声,治疗后1个月复查上述指标。结果:治疗1个月后,Q_max从(2.7±1.2)ml/s升至(6.4±1.9)ml/s,Pura.max从(75.8±5.5)cmH_2O降至(50.7±4.6)cmH_2O,DLPP从(71.9±22.7)cmH_2O降至(28.4±8.4)cmH_2O,排尿后PVR从(231.3±29.3)ml降至(105.0±16.3)ml,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前有8例患者泌尿系超声提示单侧或双侧肾积水,并且尿动力提示存在输尿管反流,治疗后1个月复查泌尿系超声,3例肾积水无明显减轻,3例肾积水略减轻,2例肾积水消失。随访1~6个月,疗效持续2~3个月。全部患者未发现严重不良反应发生。结论:BTX-A注射尿道括约肌是治疗下尿路功能障碍一种有效、安全的方法。     

膀胱次全切除回肠扩大膀胱术治疗神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍

目的：探讨肠道扩大膀胱成形术治疗神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍的价值。方法：采用膀胱次全切除、回肠扩大膀胱成形术治疗7例神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍患者。结果：2例术后排尿通畅，剩余尿消失；3例术后曾有排尿困难，经尿道膀胱颈电切后排尿通畅，无尿失禁，最大尿流率分别为27、16和18ml/s；1例术前曾采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术无效，行本手术后剩余尿消失，但仍有尿失禁，后在超声引导下于尿道周围注射硅酮后，尿失禁症状明显改善；余1例术后仍有排尿困难。结论：该手术方法对神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍是一种可行的治疗方法。     

经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗老年女性膀胱颈梗阻(附37例报告)

目的 探讨治疗老年女性膀胱颈梗阻的有效治疗方法.方法 采用经尿道等离子体膀胱颈双极电切术治疗老年女性膀胱颈梗阻37例.结果 37例平均手术时间17min(10～57min),失血＜10ml,无水中毒及尿失禁发生.治疗后生活质量评分由4.0±1.0降至1.6±0.3(t=4.21,P＜0.01),最大尿流率由(9.7±2.1)ml/s升至(21.4±4.2)ml/s(t=3.74,P＜0.01),残余尿量由(82.0±17.0)ml降至(12.7±7.7)ml(t=2.92,P＜0.01). 结论 经尿道等离子体双极电切术是治疗老年女性膀胱颈梗阻有效的腔内治疗方法.     

经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻

目的探讨经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻的临床效果。方法经尿道膀胱颈部电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻23例,并进行术前术后临床症状和尿流动力学检查及对比。结果所有患者术后排尿通畅,效果满意。随访1～3个月,最大尿流率由（10．78±1．35）mL／s上升至（21．30±0．63）mL／s,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;前列腺液及精液检查正常。结论对于慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻患者经药物治疗无效后,可选用经尿道膀胱颈部电切术治疗膀胱颈梗阻。     

Treatment of primary bladder neck obstruction in women with transurethral resection of the bladder neck

PURPOSE: We describe the presentation, clinical characteristics, treatment and followup of a series of women with primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A patient data base was searched for women who underwent transurethral resection for bladder outlet obstruction diagnosed by videourodynamic study (VUDS) according to the Blaivas-Groutz nomogram for female bladder outlet obstruction between 1993 and 2002. A total of 37 women with obstruction were identified. Patients with neurogenic, traumatic, anatomical or iatrogenic causes of obstruction were excluded. Seven patients remained who had been diagnosed with PBNO, of whom all underwent transurethral bladder neck resection. Office records were reviewed for history, presentation, surgical treatment and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Seven patients were diagnosed with PBNO. Age was 39 to 81 years. Six of 7 patients presented with symptoms of obstruction, including a weak or intermittent stream and urinary hesitancy. These 6 patients had unremarkable physical examination findings with normal perianal sensation, anal sphincter tone and lower extremity reflexes. One patient presented with abdominal swelling, which on physical examination was found to be a markedly distended bladder containing more than 1000 cc urine. All patients had overt urethral obstruction on VUDS. In 6 of 7 patients obstruction was clearly at the vesical neck and in 1 the obstruction site was equivocal. Three patients were treated or had previously been treated pharmacologically with alpha-blockers. All patients were subsequently treated with intermittent self-catheterization. All patients then underwent transurethral bladder neck resection at the vesical neck and proximal urethra. Surgical specimens weighed 1 to 5 gm and showed urethral fragments or fibromuscular tissue without specific pathological findings. Followup was 1 to 10 years (median 3) and it included physical examination, uroflowmetry, post-void residual urine measurement and videourodynamic study. Six patients considered themselves cured of lower urinary tract symptoms and 1 was improved. In 1 patient the obstruction site was not clear. One patient had mild stress incontinence under rare circumstances not severe enough to require protective pads. The average change in flow was 6 +/- 10 vs 30 +/- 17 ml per second (p <0.03). The average change in voided volume was 194 +/- 170 vs 416 +/- 206 ml per second (p <0.06). Average change in post-void residual urine was 680 +/- 445 vs 173 +/- 366 ml (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PBNO is an exceedingly rare condition, which is easily treatable when properly diagnosed by VUDS. The presentation of patients in urinary retention in middle age suggests that PBNO may be more common in less apparent forms than has previously been recognized.     

The bladder neck in neurological degenerative disorders

Bladder neck incompetence occurs frequently in the Shy-Drager syndrome. The behavior of the bladder neck in patients with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, however, has not been well defined. Complete urodynamic studies were performed on 48 patients with urgency incontinence and one of the following neurological diagnoses: Parkinson's disease (13 patients), Shy-Drager syndrome (13 patients), and multiple sclerosis (22 patients). Complete studies were also performed on 73 patients with no neurological diagnoses and no incontinence. None of the patients had ever undergone prior transurethral surgery. All patients with a neurological diagnosis had detrusor hyperreflexia on cystometrogram. Bladder neck function was evaluated with fluoroscopy as well as with intraluminal-pressure measurements utilizing a 10 French triple-lumen catheter. Only 11 (22%) of the neurological patients had an incompetent bladder neck on fluoroscopy (6 with Shy-Drager, 3 with Parkinson's, and 2 with multiple sclerosis). Mean bladder neck pressures of the 48 neurological patients were as follows: Parkinson's: 12 cm H₂O, SE = 5; multiple sclerosis: 15 cm H₂O, SE = 1.2; and Shy-Drager: 7 cm H₂O, SE = 2. Bladder neck incompetence, commonly seen in Shy-Drager and strongly suggestive of sympathetic dysfunction, is uncommon in incontinent patients with other degenerative neurological disorders and detrusor hyperreflexia.     

Complications of endoscopic bladder neck suspension

Endoscopic bladder neck suspension for female urinary incontinence can result in both intraoperative and postoperative complications. Intraoperative complications include hemorrhage and injury to the urethra, bladder or ureters. Postoperative complications include infection, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolus, suprapubic pain, persistent incontinence, bladder calculi and urinary retention. All of these potential complications can be managed successfully by applying the guidelines outlined.     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨女性膀胱颈阻的诊断和治疗方法。方法;对２７例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者行尿流动力学检查和膀胱检查,对其中２２例行经光颈电切术（ＴＵＲＢｎ）５例行非选手治疗。结果：２２例行ＴＵＲＢＮ治疗者术后无明显乘余尿,２０例临床症状消失;５例非手术治疗者经定期饔主药物治疗,效果满意。结论：女性膀胱颈梗阻的尿流动客观评价排尿状况的有效指标;ＴＵＴＢＮ是治疗女性膀胱劲梗阻的首选方法,具有手术小和住院时间短等优点。     

Coexistence of prostate cancer and dysfunctional bladder neck obstruction

The etiology of dysfunctional bladder neck obstruction remains elusive. Obstruction has been attributed to muscular hypertrophy, fibrosis, scarring, and neurologic dysfunction of the bladder neck opening mechanism. We describe two patients with urodynamic findings of dysfunctional bladder neck obstruction who proved to have stage A1 prostate adenocarcinoma on transurethral prostate biopsies obtained at the time of surgery. We recommend that the transurethral surgical treatment of men over the age of 40 years with dysfunctional bladder neck obstruction include a biopsy for histological examination.     

膀胱颈部电切结合曲安奈德注射治疗良性前列腺增生术后膀胱颈部挛缩的疗效观察

目的研究应用膀胱颈部电切结合术中及术后曲安奈德注射,治疗前列腺增生术后膀胱颈部挛缩(BNC)的有效性和安全性。方法通过电话随访方式收集2015年8月至2018年6月在西安交通大学第一附属医院泌尿外科接受治疗的92例BNC患者的相关资料,包括BNC复发情况、患者排尿情况以及并发症。结果 92例患者中8例(8.7%)患者存在排尿困难,其中4例证实为BNC复发,并发症包括短暂性尿失禁4例(4.3%)、血尿28例(30.4%)及附睾炎16例(17.4%),治疗后均缓解。结论膀胱颈部电切结合术中及术后曲安奈德注射治疗前列腺增生术后BNC操作简单、安全有效。     

经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎并发膀胱颈梗阻疗效观察

目的 :探讨经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎并发膀胱颈梗阻的治疗效果。方法 :采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎并发膀胱颈梗阻 11例。 11例慢性前列腺炎病史平均1.67± 0 .34年 ,尿流动力学检查最大尿流率为 11.2 0± 1.33ml/ s,膀胱镜检查见膀胱颈后唇抬高。结果 :术后 1个月复查 ,最大尿流率上升至 19.30± 0 .61ml/ s,前列腺按摩液和精液常规检查未见异常。结论 :对膀胱颈梗阻的男性青壮年患者 ,经药物治疗无效后可慎重选用经尿道膀胱颈电切术来解除膀胱颈梗阻。