经尿道前列腺电切术及等离子电切术治疗重度BPH患者的疗效比较

目的:比较经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)及等离子电切术(PKRP)治疗重度BPH(前列腺体积70ml)的疗效及并发症。方法:回顾性分析80例(TURP 34例,PKRP 46例)重度BPH患者的临床资料。比较两组病例的手术时间、切除的腺体组织重量、术中失血量、术中转开放手术例数、持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、术后1、3、6个月的主观症状(IPSS、QOL)、客观评分(PVRU、Qmax、PSA)及并发症等。结果:TURP组和PKRP组手术时间、术中失血量、持续膀胱冲洗时间及留置尿管时间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术中所切除的前列腺腺体组织重量和术中转开放手术例数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后发生二次出血的例数比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后发生暂时性尿失禁、泌尿系感染、尿道狭窄、膀胱颈挛缩和尿失禁的例数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1、3、6个月随访,两组IPSS、QOL、PVRU、Qmax和PSA均较术前明显改善(P0.05),但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于前列腺体积70ml的重度BPH患者,TURP和PKRP均有明显的临床效果,特别是PKRP更具有术中出血少、安全性高、并发症少等优点。     

经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术治疗高龄高危前列腺增生症

目的 探讨经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的安全性及疗效.方法 将70例高龄高危BPH患者随机分为两组,每组35例,分别行经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术(TUPKEP)和传统的经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP).比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、前列腺腺体切除重量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、术后住院天数、术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、残余尿量(PVR)、最大尿流率(Qmax)等指标.对两组指标进行统计学分析.结果 TUPKEP组在手术的出血量、手术时间、术后膀胱冲洗时间以及术后的住院时间要明显小于TURP组(P＜0.05);TUPKEP组前列腺腺体切除重量大于TURP组(P＜0.05);两组患者术后随访3个月,残余尿、国际前列腺症状评分、生活质量评分差异均无显著性意义(P ＜0.05);TUPKEP组术后最大尿流率大于TURP组,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 TUPKEP治疗BPH疗效确切,且安全性较好,特别适用于高龄高危的患者.     

经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术及前列腺电切术治疗大体积良性前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的 比较经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术及前列腺电切术治疗大体积良性前列腺增生的疗效及安全性。方法 收集2011~2013年间79例在我院手术治疗的前列腺体积>80mL患者的临床资料,其中经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术45例,前列腺电切术34例,比较两组病例的手术时间、切除的腺体组织重量、术中出血量、持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、手术并发症及手术前后最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVRU)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、以及生活质量评分(QOL)情况。结果 79例患者均一次手术成功,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术中所切除的前列腺体组织重量无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组术后发生暂时性尿失禁、泌尿系感染、二次出血的例数比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组均无死亡病例;两组患者Qmax、PVRU、IPSS及QOL评分较术前均有明显改善(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 对于前列腺体积>80mL的大体积BPH患者,在做好围手术期准备、术者经验丰富的情况下,经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术和TURP均有明显的临床效果,特别是经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术更具有术中出血少、安全性高、并发症少等优点。     

经尿道等离子双极前列腺切除术与前列腺电切术的疗效比较

目的比较经尿道等离子体双极电切术(PKRP)与经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的临床疗效。方法将300例有症状的前列腺增生症(BPH)患者随机分成两组,各150例,分别行PKRP和TURP术,记录患者围手术期和术后3个月复查的有关指标(手术时间、术中出血量、冲洗时间、留管时间、住院时间,国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS),尿流率峰值(Qmax)和生活质量评分(QOL)),并发症(TURS、术中输血、继发出血、尿失禁、膀胱痉挛、尿道狭窄)发生率,对两组数据进行统计学分析。结果 PKRP组出血量、冲洗时间、留管时间和住院时间少于TURP组,两组相比差异有显著性(P0.05),术后3个月,两组患者症状评分、生活质量分析、最大尿流率均比术前明显改善(P0.05),PKRP组并发症发生率为3.3%,低于TURP组的13.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),所有并发症对症处理恢复正常,两组均无死亡病例。结论 PKRP与TURP均是治疗BPH的有效术式,但PKRP较TURP并发症少,安全性高,是治疗BPH较理想的微创术式。     

经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生症临床研究

目的探讨经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术(PKEP)治疗良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的价值。方法回顾性分析2017-05—2019-01间舞钢市人民医院泌尿外科收治的80例BPH患者的临床资料。根据不同手术方法分为2组,每组40例。TURP组行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP),PKEP组实施PKEP。比较2组的疗效。结果 PKEP组手术、术后膀胱冲洗、住院等时间均短于TURP组,术中出血量和术后并发症少于TURP组,切除腺体质量多于TURP组。差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3个月时2组患者最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)等指标较术前均有改善(P0.05);但2组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PKEP与TURP治疗BPH具有较高的临床价值,其中PKEP手术时间更短,创伤更小,腺体切除更多,较TURP更具优势。     

大功率2μm激光“五分法”治疗BPH 120例报告

目的:探讨大功率2μm激光汽化切除术治疗BPH的临床疗效及安全性,为2μm激光微创治疗BPH奠定基础。方法:采用大功率2μm激光"五分法"(激光组)与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP组)治疗BPH患者各120例,对两组的手术时间、出血量、术后膀胱冲洗液量及冲洗时间、术后留置导尿管时间及国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)等指标进行对比分析。结果:激光组手术经过顺利,术后无继发出血,无尿失禁发生;TURP组118例手术经过顺利,2例出血较多,其中1例中转开放手术,1例姑息切除留置导尿管压迫止血结束手术。术后出现急迫性尿失禁2例,经提肛锻炼及理疗好转。两组术后排尿症状(IPSS和Qmax)及生活质量(QOL)改善方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中术后出血量、术后留置导尿管时间及膀胱冲洗时间与TURP比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:2μm激光前列腺汽化切除术治疗BPH是安全有效的新型腔内微创手术方法,临床疗效及手术时间同于TURP,手术出血量、留置导尿管时间及膀胱冲洗时间较TURP有明显优势,且避免TUR综合征及闭孔反射的发生,有可能成为治疗BPH的新标准。     

经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术与电切术治疗高危良性前列腺增生的比较

【摘要】 目的 探讨经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术(TUPKEP)与经尿道等离子前列腺电切术(TUPKRP)治疗高危良性前列腺增生(HrBPH)的安全性和有效性比较。方法 回顾性分析128例高危BPH 患者接受TUPKEP及TUPKRP两种手术方式,就两组患者的手术时间、出血量、前列腺腺体切除量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、尿管停留时间、术后住院天数、手术并发症等进行比较;对两组患者术前、术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、残余尿量(PVR)、最大尿流率(Qmax)进行比较。结果 68例行TUPKEP,60例行TUPKRP,所有128例患者安全度过围手术期。两组患者术前情况比较无统计学差异;两组患者手术后的QOL、PVR、IPSS、Qmax与各自术前比较,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但上述指标在两组之间比较的差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TUPKEP组在手术的出血量、手术时间、术后膀胱冲洗时间以及术后的住院时间要明显小于TUPKRP组(P<0.05);同时,TUPKEP组前列腺腺体切除量也高于TUPKRP组(P<0.05)。结论 TUPKEP 与TUPKRP在治疗高危BPH中,二者的临床疗效相当,但TUPKEP在手术时间、术后膀胱冲洗时间和住院时间较TUPKRP短,而且出血量和并发症均较少少,是治疗高危良性前列腺增生症的安全有效的方法。     

经尿道双极等离子前列腺剜除术治疗大体积良性前列腺增生的临床体会

目的总结经尿道前列腺等离子腔内剜除术(PKEP)治疗大体积(>80 ml)良性前列腺增生(BPH)的应用体会。方法随机将68例大体积BPH患者分为2组,各34例。对照组接受经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗,予以观察组PKEP治疗。结果 2组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术中出血量和前列腺切除质量多于对照组,术后膀胱冲洗时间和住院时间均短于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后3个月、6个月残余尿量(RUV)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量指数(QOL)评分均较术前显著改善,其中观察组改善程度明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对大体积BPH患者应用PKEP治疗,微创性好、术后并发症风险小、症状缓解显著,可有效提高术后生活质量。     

经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生效果分析

目的探讨经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切剜除术(TUPKEP)和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的效果及安全性。方法将80例BPH患者根据不同手术方法分为2组,每组40例,分别实施TUPKEP(研究组)和TURP(对照组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、住院时间、并发症发生率及手术前后最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(RUV)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)和生活质量(QOL)。结果研究组手术时间、术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、住院时间均优于对照组,术后尿道狭窄、继发性出血、电切综合征等并发症发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术前Qmax、RUV、IPSS以及QOL评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月2组患者Qmax、RUV、IPSS以及QOL评分均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TUPKEP和TURP治疗BPH,均具有显著效果,但TUPKEP创伤小,术后并发症少,恢复时间短,安全性高。     

腹腔镜下耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术与经尿道前列腺电切术的比较

目的:比较腹腔镜下耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术与经尿道前列腺电切术(transurethral resection of prostate,TURP)治疗大体积前列腺的手术效果。方法:将2013年12月至2014年12月入院的40例前列腺体积大于80 ml的患者按计算机随机数字法分为两组,20例接受腹腔镜下耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术,20例接受TURP,应用独立样本t检验方法对比两组患者年龄、术前前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)、生活质量指数评分(quality of life score,QOL)、最大尿流率(maximum flow rate,Qmax)、残余尿、血红蛋白、手术时间、术中出血量、术后冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、术后住院时间、术后3个月IPSS、QOL、Qmax、残余尿的差异。结果:两组年龄、术前前列腺体积、IPSS、QOL、Qmax、残余尿、术前血红蛋白、术后3个月IPSS、QOL、Qmax差异无统计学意义(P0.05),手术时间、术中出血量、术后冲洗时间、拔除尿管时间、术后住院时间两组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术治疗大体积前列腺较TURP具有优势,表现为手术时间短、出血量少、术后冲洗时间短、留置尿管时间短等。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.