可达龙治疗顽固性室性心动过速和心室颤动的用药经验和临床疗效

目的:总结大剂量可达龙静脉注射加口服治疗顽固性反复发作性室性心动过速和心室颤动的用药经验和临床疗效。方法:选择对利多卡因反复应用无效或反复除颤利多卡因不能维持的16例患者,静脉注射可达龙3-5mg/kg稀释后10min内注入,随后0.5-1.5mg/min泵入维持,若心律失常控制不满意,可每隔30min再注射75-150mg,同时口服可达龙0.2,3次/d。结果:静脉平均用药3-9(5.9±3.2)d。第1d平均静脉用量(1153±183)(900-1500)mg,心律失常控制率18.7%,第2d31.3%,3d全部控制。7d后0.2-0.6/d维持。30d时1例停服可达龙后17d的患者,室性心动过速再次发生,除颤无效死亡;余15例患者,病情稳定后改用可达龙0.1-0.2口服,随访3-12(7.7±3.1)个月,无复发。结论:静脉注射可达龙加口服应用对顽固性反复性室性心动过速和心室颤动完全有效,用药要个体化。用药过程中要注意监测血压、心率和心律,预防复发需坚持长期口服。     

胺碘酮治疗顽固性室性心动过速和心室颤动的临床疗效分析

目的　总结大剂量胺碘酮静脉注射加口服治疗顽固性反复发作性室性心动过速和心室颤动的用药经验和临床疗效。方法　对利多卡因反复应用无效或反复除颤利多卡因不能维持的16例病人,胺碘酮3～5mg/kg稀释后10min内静脉注入,随后0 5～1 5mg/min泵入维持,若心律失常控制不满意,可每隔30min再注射75～15 0mg ,同时口服胺碘酮2 0 0mgtid ,静脉平均用药3～9(5. 9±3. 2 )d。结果　第1天平均静脉用量115 3±183(90 0～15 0 0 )mg ,心律失常控制率18 7% ,第2天31. 3% ,72h全部控制。7d后2 0 0～6 0 0mg/d维持。30d时1例停服胺碘酮17d的病人,室性心动过速再次发生,除颤无效死亡;余15例病人,病情稳定后改用胺碘酮10 0～2 0 0mg口服,随访3～12 (7 .7±3 .1)个月无复发。结论　静脉注射胺碘酮加口服应用对顽固性反复性室性心动过速和心室颤动完全有效,用药要个体化。用药过程中要注意监测血压、心率和心律,预防复发需坚持长期口服。     

射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速22例体会

特发性室性心动过速(IVT)表现为频发单形性室性心动过速,多发生于无器质性心脏病证据的患者,反复发作。不仅见于成人,亦可见于儿童,大部分临床症状较轻。根据室速的来源,可分为右室IVT(IRVT)和左室IVT(ILVT)。射频消融治疗效果良好,成功率在90％以上,本文总结22例IVT射频消融治疗结果,探讨不同部位消融方法。     

导管射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速临床分析

目的:探讨导管射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速(idiopathic ventricular tachycardia,IVT)的效果.方法:对34例IVT患者进行射频消融治疗,起源于左室特发性室性心动过速(LIVT)采用激动标测法或起搏标测最早QRS波相结合;对右室特发性室性心动过速(RIVT)采用起搏标测法标测靶点,标测靶点后放电消融.结果:34例行心内电生理检查时均诱发出室性心动过速,其中30例消融成功,临床症状消失,无手术相关并发症;4例失败,随访期间复发,再次消融成功.结论:导管射频消融术能够根治IVT,成功率高,且安全可行,可作为治疗IVT的首选方法.     

急性普罗帕酮中毒致反复室性心动过速、心室颤动1例

患者,女,27岁,因头晕、恶心、心前区不适1小时,于2008年10月7日9：30时急诊入院。既往体健。查体：体温36．6℃,脉搏84次／min,呼吸21次／min,血压95／60mmHg（1mmHg＝0．133kPa）,意识清楚,表情淡漠,皮肤黏膜无黄染,双瞳孔等大等圆,直径3mm。双肺呼吸音清晰,无干湿性啰音。心率84次／min,律齐,第二心音分裂,腹部及神经系统未见异常。床边心电图示：窦性心律,I度房室传导阻滞。实验室检查：血白细胞3．21×10^9／L、中性粒细胞0．526;心肌酶、肝肾功能、血离子均正常。10：10时患者突然出现意识丧失,全身抽搐,遂即心跳呼吸停止,立即行心前区拳击2次、心外按压及吸氧,     

急性心肌梗死并室性心动过速/心室颤动的影响因素分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者并发室性心动过速(ventricular tachycardia,VT)/心室颤动(ventricular fibrillation,VF)的影响因素.方法:将安徽医科大学第一附属医院收治的453例AMI患者分为VT/VF组和无VT/VF组,对两组进行比较分析发生VT/VF的影响因素.结果:单因素分析示,VT/VF组与无VT/VF组在诸多方面差异有显著性.经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高级别的Killip分级、血钾离子水平异常以及广泛前壁心肌梗死是影响患者发生VT/VF的独立危险因素,β-受体阻滞剂是保护因素.结论:VT/VF是AMI患者的严重并发症,高级别的Killip分级、血钾水平异常以及广泛前壁心肌梗死是影响患者发生VT/VF的独立危险因素,而β-受体阻滞剂是保护因素.     

特发性室性心动过速诊治进展

室性心动过速常见于器质性心脏病患者 ,但在少数室速患者 ,不伴有明确的器质性心脏病 ,亦排除了代谢障碍、电解质异常和长 QT间期综合征等促心律失常因素 ,这种室速被称为特发性室性心动过速 (idiopathic ventricular tachycardia,IVT) [1 - 3] 。 Callavardin于 192 2年首先报道了这种心律失常 ,其发生率约占全部室速的 10 %左右。 IVT的预后一般良好 ,但频繁发作可使生活质量下降 ,心室率较快的室速易导致血流动力学障碍 ,产生黑目蒙及晕厥发作。随着研究深入 ,尤其是心内标测技术发展和导管射频消融在这类室速中的应用 ,对 IVT的发…     

右心室流出道室性心动过速的射频消融治疗

目的 评价射频消融治疗右心室流出道室性心动过速(室速)的有效性和安全性.方法 对37例右心室流出道室速患者进行射频消融治疗,观察其疗效及安奎性,并随访观察复发的情况.结果 37例右心室流出道室速经射频消融治疗成功33例,成功率为89.2%,复发2例,无严重的并发症.结论 射频消融治疗右心室流出道室速是一种安全有效的治疗手段.     

左心室特发性室性心动过速临床电生理特征

根据对药物的敏感性左心室特发性室性心动过速（VT）分为三类：分别是维拉帕米（异搏定）敏感型Ⅵ、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）敏感型VT和普萘洛尔（心得安）敏感型VT。其中异搏定敏感型vT是最常见的左心室特发性VT（idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia，ILVT），其发生机制为折返。然而，实际的折返环是不清楚的，蒲肯野电位（purkinje potential，PP）和舒张晚期电位（1ate-diastolic potential，LDP）真正的作用也是不清楚的。本研究目的在于探讨PP和LDP在ILVT中的作用。     

New strategies for ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation ablation

Patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) and no reversible cause are difficult to treat. While implantable defibrillators prolong survival, many patients remain symptomatic due to device shocks and syncope. To address this, there have been recent advances in the catheter ablation of VT and VF. For example, non-invasive imaging has improved arrhythmia substrate characterisation, 3D catheter navigation tools have facilitated mapping of arrhythmia and substrate and ablation catheters have advanced in their ability to deliver effective lesions. However, the long-term success rates of ablation for VT and VF remain modest, with nearly half of treated patients developing recurrence within 2–3 years, and this drives the ongoing innovation in the field. This review focuses on the challenges particular to ablation of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, and the strategies that have been recently developed to improve procedural efficacy. Patient sub-groups that illustrate the use of new strategies are described.     

射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速的临床观察

目的观察射频消融(RFCA)治疗9例特发性室性心动过速(IVT)方法和结果。方法分别行激动顺序标测法和起搏标测法,对左室特发性室速(ILVT)7例,右室特发性室速2例,行射频消融治疗。结果6例ILVT射频消融治疗成功,均起源于左室间隔面,有效消融靶点处P电位较体表心电图QRS起始点提前(34.6±8.9)m s(25~58 m s),2例IRVT射频消融成功,有效消融靶点处与心动过速时的12导联心电图QRS波形完全相同。无一例出现并发症。结论射频消融是治疗特发性室性心动过速的有效方法。     

Catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia: indications and techniques

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) may be secondary to many different underlying pathophysiologies. The nature of the underlying disorder determines amenability to catheter ablation, thus, dictating the circumstances under which it should be undertaken. The differing substrates also influence the choice of techniques that are used. The most intensively studied clinical subgroup of VT is re-entrant VT in the setting of ischemic heart disease. The approach to ablation in such patients is discussed in detail. Subsequent discussion focuses on other clinically encountered varieties of VT and the ablation methods used in each individual disease state.     

Pleomorphic ventricular tachycardia: an uncommon presentation in idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia

Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) is a distinct entity that arises in the left ventricle, may have reentrant mechanism and is verapamil-sensitive. Pleomorphism as defined by multiple ventricular tachycardia morphologies is usually associated with either coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy but very rare in cases of ILVT. In this case report, we describe an unusual case of ILVT with two ECG morphologies of the opposite axis that were successfully eliminated with radiofrequency ablation. The successful ablation sites were closely located to each other in the left lower ventricular septum.     

Purkinje-related arrhythmias part ii: polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation

There has been growing evidence that the Purkinje network plays a pivotal role in both the initiation and perpetuation of ventricular fibrillation (VF). A triggering ventricular premature beat (VPB) with a short-coupling interval could arise from either the right or left Purkinje system in patients with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) or VF, and that can be suppressed by the catheter ablation of the trigger. A focal breakdown in the "gating mechanism" at the Purkinje system resulting in a short-circuiting of the transmission across the gate at the distal Purkinje network might predispose to reentrant circuits of polymorphic VT/VF. Many investigators also reported the successful ablation of Purkinje-related VF with an acute or remote myocardial infarction. The same approach with good short-term results has been reported in a small number of patients with other heart diseases (i.e., amyloidosis, chronic myocarditis, nonischemic cardiomyopathy). Catheter ablation of the triggering VPBs from the Purkinje system can be used as an electrical bailout therapy in patients with VF storm.     

Noncavotricuspid isthmus-dependent right atrial tachycardia after paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation

Background: Atrial tachycardia (AT) is commonly encountered after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. But no study exclusively on noncavotricuspid isthmus‐dependent right AT (NCTI‐RAT) post‐AF ablation has been reported. The present study aims to describe its prevalence, electrophysiological mechanisms, and ablation strategy and to further discuss its relationship with AF. Methods: From July 2006 to November 2009, 350 consecutive patients underwent catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF. A total of seven patients (2.0%) developed NCTI‐RAT after left atrium ablation for AF. In these highly selected patients (two male, mean age 54 ± 11 years, mean left atrium diameter of 34 ± 7 cm), all had circumferential pulmonary vein isolation in their initial procedures and three of them had additional complex fractionated electrograms ablation in the left atrium and the coronary sinus. Results: Totally, nine NCTI‐RATs were mapped and successfully ablated in the right atrium with a mean cycle length of 273 ± 64 ms in seven patients. Five ATs in three patients were electrophysiologically proved to be macroreentry and the remaining four were focal activation. All the ATs were successfully abolished by catheter ablation. After a mean follow‐up of 29 ± 15 months post‐AT ablation, all patients were free of AT and AF off antiarrhythmic drugs. Conclusions: NCTI‐RAT is relatively less common post‐AF ablation. Totally, 2.0% of paroxysmal AF patients were revealed to have NCTI‐RAT. (PACE 2011; 34:391–397)     

Showing up channels for postinfarct ventricular tachycardia ablation

The number of scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation procedures is increasing worldwide. This is certainly due to the ever growing number of patients implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in whom an ablation procedure may be required to better control the ventricular arrhythmia burden, but is also likely related to our better understanding of the arrhythmias mechanisms as well as the improvement of the mapping techniques during the last 15 years. Most VTs, especially those arising after myocardial infarction, depend on a critical isthmus. Defining precisely the critical isthmus of postinfarct VT may be challenging, particularly when the arrhythmia is poorly tolerated. In the literature, there are extensive data concerning the value of conventional electrophysiological techniques, especially entrainment mapping in association with postpacing interval measurements, regarding the identification of postinfarct VT isthmuses. There are, however, other--sometimes emerging--approaches to image critical postinfarct VT channels. We have summarized these, reviewing data from the published literature as well as our own experience.     

Pilsicainide-induced verapamil sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia

A 20-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of verapamil sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT). During the electrophysiologic study (EPS), no sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) could be induced both at baseline and after infusion of isoproterenol. However, sustained clinical VT could be easily induced with single ventricular extrastimulation following intravenous administration of pilsicainide, a class Ic sodium channel blocker. The arrhythmia was ablated with radiofrequency catheter ablation.     

Primary radiofrequency ablation for incessant idiopathic ventricular tachycardia

Fascicular VT and RVOT tachycardia are sometimes difficult to induce by programmed electrical stimulation (PES), despite pharmacologic provocation. In such instances, catheter mapping is hampered and efficacy of catheter ablation is difficult to judge. The study included nine patients who presented with incessant idiopathic VT and were directly taken to the electrophysiological laboratory for RF ablation. During the same period, elective ablation was performed on 108 patients with idiopathic VT. The success rate, procedural and fluoroscopy times number of energies, and the peak temperature were evaluated and compared. Of the nine patients, seven had incessant fascicular VT and two had RVOT tachycardia. The mean VT cycle length was 356 +/- 32 ms and the earliest endocardial activation time during VT was 23.6 +/- 6 ms relative to surface QRS complexes. A fascicular potential was not seen in three of the seven patients with fascicular VT. The mean procedural time was 71 +/- 32 minutes and 144 +/- 40 minutes (P = 0.023) while the fluoroscopy time was 14.6 +/- 4.6 minutes and 30 +/- 16 minutes (P < 0.001), respectively, in the primary ablation and elective groups. The total number of RF energies delivered was 2.0 +/- 1.3 versus 7.4 +/- 5.6 (P = 0.07), respectively. The significantly increased procedural time during elective ablation was largely due to time spent in fascicular VT induction. All patients in the primary ablation group were successfully ablated and none had a recurrence. Primary ablation is a safe and effective option in patients with incessant idiopathic VT. Moreover, in fascicular VT, it is superior to elective ablation in terms of success, fluoroscopy and procedural times.