700例海洛因依赖者心电图的变化

本文观察了７００例海洛因依赖者的心电图，结果表明观察组心电图改变明显高于正常对照组，有非常显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）；观察组ＳＴ－Ｔ改变、心律失常、束支传导阻滞明显高于正常对照组，有非常显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

700例海洛因依赖者心电图的变化

本文观察了７００例海洛因依赖者的心电图，结果表明观察组心电图改变明显高于正常对照组，有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；观察组ＳＴ－Ｔ改变、心律失常、束支传导阻滞明显高于正常对照组，有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

113例海洛因依赖者的心电图变化

探讨海洛因依赖者的心电图 (ECG)变化 ,了解海洛因对心肌的毒性作用。方法··:连续抽取1999年10月在我院住院的113例强制戒毒的海洛因依赖者ECG进行观察。结果·· :113例海洛因依赖者ECG异常的构成比为46.02 % ,其中以缓慢型心律失常最为常见 ,共31例 ,占异常ECG总数的59.62 %。52例异常者 ,随机抽取22例进行追踪调查 ,发现有10例异常ECG恢复正常 ,占45.45%。结论··:海洛因对心肌有一定的毒性作用 ,且海洛因对心肌的毒性作用与吸毒时间、吸毒量及吸毒方式有一定的相关性。     

250例海洛因依赖者心电图分析

本文对２５０例海洛因依赖者的心电图与２００例健康人群体检的心电图进行对比分析，其心电图改变发生率经统计学处理，Ｐ〈０．０１有显著差异，提示海洛因对心电图有影响，其改变的顺位为ＳＴ－Ｔ改变、窦性心律失常、传导阻滞，除窦性心律失常与对照组比较，Ｐ〉０．０５外，余Ｐ值均〈０．０１，进一步提示海洛因对心肌功能有一定损害。海洛因依赖者的心电图改变与用药方式、吸毒的量无明显关系，Ｐ值均〉０．０５。     

312例海洛因依赖者的心电图分析

目的:观察海洛因依赖者心电图(ECG)变化情况,探讨海洛因依赖的时间、剂量及方式与ECG异常改变的关系。方法:对312例海洛因依赖者戒毒期间静息ECG检查结果和69例健康体检者(对照组)的ECG检查结果进行分析,并对海洛因依赖时间、剂量及方式进行比较。结果:海洛因依赖者ECG异常改变率高达75.32%,以窦性心动过缓(36.17%)、窦性心律不齐(32.77%)、ST-T段改变(13.62%)多见;且滥用时间越长,剂量越大,ECG异常率越高;静脉注射者的ECG异常发生率较高。结论:海洛因者的ECG异常发病率较高,与滥用时间,剂量及方式有关。     

310例海洛因依赖者心电图分析

海洛因对心血管系统的危害较大，为了观察其对心脏电活动的影响，我们对310例来我中心自愿戒毒的海洛因依赖者进行常规静息心电图检查进行了分析，现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1病例选择选择2002年3月至2002年8月在我中心自愿戒毒的海洛因依赖者310例（男232，女78）；年龄18～50岁，平均（34.9?.6）岁；单用海洛因者259例（占83.5%），海洛因合并杜冷丁16例（占5.2%），海洛因合并精神类药品23例（占7.4%），海洛因、杜冷丁及精神类药品三者合用者12例（占3.9%）。滥用时间：最短6个月，最长15年，平均（5.5?.6）年。滥用量：最小量0.2g／d，…     

海洛因依赖者临床视野异常分析

目的:了解海洛因依赖对视野的影响。方法:对201例海洛因依赖者进行30度、30～60度视野、视力、眼底、色觉的检查,与60名健康者进行对照,并对吸毒方式、吸毒年限对视野的影响进行了相关分析。结果:海洛因依赖者30度、30～60度视野与正常对照组相比较,平均敏感度降低,平均缺损增加(P<0.05);视野损害与吸毒方式有密切联系,静脉吸毒者较烫吸者视野损害十分显著(P<0.01);与吸毒时间的长短无明显关联(P>0.05)。结论:海洛因依赖者有视野损害。     

30例海洛因依赖者心电图变化

３０例海洛因依赖者心电图变化徐本树黄建平朱仕强（北京安康医院，北京１０２４０６）为探讨海洛因成瘾者的心电图变化，连续抽取我院３０例自愿戒毒海洛因依赖者的心电图变化分析，以探讨海洛因对心肌的毒性作用．现将结果报告如下：３０例吸食海洛因中心电图正常１１例...     

美沙酮治疗海洛因依赖150例临床心电图分析

目的：探讨美沙酮对心率及心脏传导功能的影响。方珐：分析150例海洛因依赖者应用美沙酮脱毒治疗及治疗后的心电图变化。结果：心律失常99例。发生率66％，全部为快速型心律失常。结论：美沙酮对心率及心脏传导功能有一定抑制作用，但脱毒效能较为理想，是目前最为广泛用于阿片类药物依赖脱毒治疗的药物。     

海洛因依赖者肝功能异常分析

对我院1999年收住的436例吸食海洛因半年以上的依赖者进行肝功能检测,结果发现,存在不同程度肝功能异常240例占55．05％,其中单纯以口吸方法使用海洛因212例,肝功能异常79例占37．26％;以口吸合并静脉注射使用海洛因224例,肝功能异常161例占71．9％。指出海洛因对肝脏的损害与使用海洛因的方法、时间、剂量有密切的关系。     

43例海洛因依赖者HIV感染情况分析

目的：了解海洛因滥用者HIV感染情况并分析其相关因素。方法：对我院2005年、2006年两年收治的4481例海洛因依赖者进行HIV血清抗体检测,初筛阳性者填写HIV／AIDS感染个案调查登记及流行病学调查表并上报上级防疫部门进行复查确诊。结果：4481例海洛因滥用者中HIV抗体阳性者43例占0.96％,其中2005年10例占0.42％（10／2367）,2006年33例占1.56％（33／2114）,两年比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,所有感染者均为静脉注射吸毒者,其中42例有共用注射器情况。43例HIV感染者均有性乱行为。结论：静脉注射特别是共用注射器是造成HIV在吸毒群体中迅速传播的危险因素,性乱行为加速了HIV从吸毒人群到普通人群的蔓延。因此,加强对吸毒人群特别是注射毒品者进行教育和行为干预,改变吸毒者的认知及行为方式,拒绝共用注射器,拒绝性乱行为,能有效地避免HIV／AIDS的传播。     

海洛因依赖者吸烟与吸毒的关系分析

目的：了解海洛因依赖者吸毒前后的吸烟情况，分析吸烟与吸毒之间的关系。方法：调查了576名海洛因依赖者的流行病学资料。结果：海洛因依赖人群吸毒前后的吸烟比例分别为83．54％和91．36％，有显著差异（P〈0．01）；其中女性海洛因依赖者吸毒前后的吸烟率分别为47．89％和85．91％，有显著差异（P〈0．01）；而男性海洛因依赖者吸毒前后的吸烟率分别为88．91％和92．29％，无显著差异（P〉0．05）。海洛因依赖人群的吸烟年限、吸烟量与每日吸毒量之间存在着正相关。结论：吸烟情况可作为海洛因依赖程度的预测因子之一。     

Calcitonin serum levels in heroin addicts: effects of methadone and clonidine detoxication treatments

Calcitonin (CT), a 32-aminoacid peptide, is secreted by the parafollicular 'C' cells of the thyroid which derive from the ultimobranchial body and, ultimately, from the neural crest. In man, the main role of this hormone is to protect the skeleton during periods of physiological stress, such as growth, pregnancy and lactation by reducing calcium loss [1]. Nevertheless, some recent data, such as the finding of immunoreactive CT-like material (iCT) in the central nervous system [2] and in the cerebrospinal fluid and the demonstration of its analgesic action in rabbits [4] and in man [5] indicate a relationship between CT and the neuroendocrine system. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the levels of CT in a group of addicts to heroin both before and during detoxication treatment with methadone or a non-opioid drug like clonidine.     

家庭帮教对海洛因依赖者康复的影响

目的：探讨家庭帮教对海洛因依赖者康复的影响。方法：选择100例自愿戒毒的海洛因依赖者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组。每组50例,采用症状自评量表（SCL—90）评定两组不同时期（出院时、出院6个月后）的心理健康状况。两组均进行系统的美沙酮替代治疗,并配合常规的健康教育,研究组出院后实施家庭帮教等各种心理干预措施。结果：研究组患者出院6个月后复吸率为65．79％,对照组患者复吸率为93.33％,两者比较存在显著差异（P〈0．01）;出院6个月后研究组SCL—90各因子评分均值明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：对海洛因依赖者实施家庭帮教等心理干预措施,可明显改善其心理状态,降低复吸率。     

Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use

Research on the neurocognitive characteristics of heroin addiction is sparse and studies that do exist include polydrug abusers; thus, they are unable to distinguish neurocognitive effects of heroin from those of other drugs. To identify neurocognitive correlates specific to heroin addiction, the present study was conducted in St. Petersburg, Russia where individuals typically abuse and/or become addicted to only one substance, generally alcohol or heroin. Heroin addicts were recruited from an inpatient treatment facility in St. Petersburg. Three comparison groups included alcoholics, addicts who used both alcohol and heroin, and non-abusers. Psychiatric, background, and drug history evaluations were administered after detoxification to screen for exclusion criteria and characterize the sample. Executive Cognitive Functions (ECF) that largely activate areas of the prefrontal cortex and its circuitry measured include complex visual pattern recognition (Paired Associates Learning), working memory (Delayed Matching to Sample), problem solving (Stockings of Cambridge), executive decision making (Cambridge Decision Making Task), cognitive flexibility (Stroop Color-Word Task) and response shifting (Stop Change Task). In many respects, the heroin addicts were similar to alcohol and alcohol+heroin dependent groups in neurocognitive deficits relative to controls. The primary finding was that heroin addicts exhibited significantly more disadvantageous decision making and longer deliberation times while making risky decisions than the other groups. Because the nature and degree of recovery from drug abuse are likely a function of the type or pattern of neurocognitive impairment, differential drug effects must be considered.     

Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis of heroin addicts

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis of heroin addicts was investigated by evaluating plasma cortisol levels throughout the day in 37 heroin abusers (HA), 17 of whom showed detectable morphine levels, indicating heroin administration in the previous hours and in 12 controls. All HA showed lower cortisol levels in basal condition (100.7 +/- 61.7 ng/ml, M +/- S.D.) compared to the control group (159.7 +/- 40.6, P less than 0.05). Moreover all HA (65.1 +/- 28.9%), and in particular those taking heroin during the study (39.1 +/- 41.4%), show a reduced cortisol decrease in the evening, which was significantly lower than in controls (85.3 +/- 10.1%; P less than 0.01). As far as the acute effects of opiates are concerned morphine (0.1 mg/kg) significantly reduced plasma cortisol levels within 60 min in a group of 8 healthy subjects. The same pattern was displayed by only 3/8 HA whose morphine levels were higher than 1 ng/ml, i.e. in those reaching the highest plasma morphine concentrations. These data indicate that chronic opiate abuse leads to a hypoadrenalism which could be the result of morphine-induced changes at the hypothalamic level.     

120例海洛因依赖者使用镇静催眠药物情况分析

目的：了解强制隔离戒毒中心海洛因依赖者使用镇静催眠药物情况。方法：自编镇静催眠药物使用调查表,对2010年在所的海洛因依赖者合并镇静催眠药物的共计120例进行调查。调查项目包括一般情况、药物使用种类、使用原因、使用方法、使用次数和剂量等,并逐一进行分析。结果：海洛因依赖者合并使用镇静催眠药占35．7％,其中发生依赖为39．1％。用于镇静催眠占70．12％;使用种类以氯硝西泮为主,占72．5％;结论：海洛因依赖者因失眠、焦虑等症状确有必要使用镇静催眠药,但是应严格控制适应症与时间,以免造成医源性药物滥用。     

海洛因依赖患者的主观幸福感研究

目的：探讨海洛因依赖患者与正常人在主观幸福感上的差异，以及不同性别的海洛因依赖患者在主观幸福感上的差异。方法：应用总体幸福感量表（6WB）对60名海洛因依赖患者和60名正常人进行主观幸福感的测定。结果：海洛因依赖者的总体幸福感总量表分及各分量表分均低于正常对照（P〈0．05）。女性海洛因依赖者的正性情绪、负性情绪、总体幸福感分高于男性（P〈0．05）。结论：海洛因依赖患者的主观幸福感相对正常人较低，女性海洛因依赖患者在幸福感体验和情感体验上都比男性高。     

Effects of UGT2B7 rs7662029 and rs7439366 polymorphisms on sublingual buprenorphine metabolism in heroin addicts: An improved PCR-RFLP assay for the detection of rs7662029 polymorphism

This study aimed to determine the effects of UGT2B7 rs7662029 and rs7439366 polymorphisms on plasma buprenorphine (BUP) concentration and different treatment responses in a sample of 109 patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) treated with sublingual BUP/naloxone. Polymorphisms were analysed by PCR-RFLP. Plasma concentrations of BUP and its metabolite norbuprenorphine were detected by LC–MS/MS. Craving, withdrawal, depression and anxiety were measured by appropriate scales. OUD patients with rs7439366 CC or rs7662029 GG genotypes had significantly lower dose-normalized (BUP/D) and dose/kg-normalized BUP (BUP/D.kg^-1) levels than those who were CT or AA carriers. Significant associations between UGT2B7 rs7662029 and increased craving (p = 0.037) and withdrawal symptoms (p = 0.029) were detected. Our findings were pointing to an important role of UGT2B7 in the metabolism of sublingual BUP/naloxone in the heroin addicts for the first time. A novel PCR-RFLP assay was developed for the determination of UGT2B7 rs7662029 polymorphism, based on utilizing novel restriction enzyme.