股内侧肌入路全膝关节置换术后主动功能锻炼的临床研究

目的:研究股内侧肌入路全膝关节置换术后的患者主动功能锻炼的临床疗效.方法:将2010年2-10月在我院行股内侧肌入路全膝关节置换术的50例患者随机分为两组,研究组25例,术后行主动功能锻炼,对照组25例,术后应用CPM机按常规行膝关节功能锻炼.记录术后第1、3、7天的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及关节屈伸活动度,记录术前、术后1周和术后1、3个月的膝关节功能评分(HSS评分).结果:所有患者均获得3～9个月的随访.术后第1天,两组VAS疼痛评分及关节屈伸活动度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后第3、7天,两组VAS疼痛评分及关节屈伸活动度比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前、术后1周,两组膝关节HSS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后1、3个月,两组膝关节HSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:股内侧肌入路全膝关节置换术后的主动功能锻炼为患者的康复创造了有利条件,使患者的关节功能最大限度地得到了恢复.     

骨折后膝关节伸直位僵硬的功能康复

探讨骨折后膝关节伸直位僵硬的功能恢复与康复治疗效果。采用小切口或关节镜下手术及手法松解术,术后第2天开始持续被动活动(continuouspssivemotin,CPM)机上行慢速全范围关节活动度功能锻炼,并行肌力训练,1周后进行主动伸、屈膝关节活动,1个月后开始扶拐下地负重行走。分别在术前、术后1个月、术后3个月进行膝关节评分、肌力评定、膝关节活动度测定。术后1个月70%的患者膝关节评分达到优良标准,术后3个月患者膝关节评分均达到优良标准。膝关节伸直位僵硬采用小切口或关节镜下手术及手法松解后进行充分的康复治疗对提高肌力,维持关节稳定,恢复膝关节功能有确切疗效。     

人工膝关节置换术后连续被动活动对关节功能的影响

目的观察连续被动活动(CPM)对人工膝关节置换术后膝关节功能的恢复情况,进行临床对照研究评估连续被动活动在全膝置换术后康复中的作用。方法将本院行首次全膝置换的44例患者以单纯随机抽签方法分成两组,23例术后除行物理康复治疗外辅助应用CPM康复治疗,21例患者仅行物理康复治疗。对所有患者进行术后随访,记录术后第7,10,14天,6周,6个月及1年时的关节活动范围(ROM)。结果与未应用CPM组相比,应用CPM组患者平均膝关节活动度在术后7,10,14d,6周,3,6个月及1年时分别多19°,15°,10°,8°,8°,2°和5°(t=4.763,3.621,3.529,2.614,2.507,2.178,2.117,P<0.05)。结论CPM有助于全膝置换患者术后较早恢复膝关节活动度。     

全膝关节置换治疗重度膝关节畸形术后的个体化康复方案

目的:探讨严重畸形膝关节置换围手术期康复方法。方法:①对象:选择2005-09/2007-02呼伦贝尔市医院骨科收治的严重风湿病下肢关节畸形施行膝关节置换术患者20例24膝。②干预:对膝内翻患者主要以训练关节活动度和增强肌力为主;对膝外翻患者,主要以增强肌力为主,必要时用支具保护;骨质疏松者康复锻炼以被动活动缓慢过渡到主动活动、由小量短时间逐渐加大运动量并延长康复周期的方法;残余屈曲挛缩畸形主要以手法按压为主。③评估:于手术前、术后2周、1个月及3个月,对患者膝关节平均HSS(纽约特种外科医院)评分及平均活动度进行对比观察,并对术后疼痛、患肢功能及主观满意度进行评估。结果:除1例1膝失访,19例患者顺利度过围手术期康复治疗。①患者膝关节活动度术前平均的35.2°,术后2周提高到92.5°。②HSS评分术前39.1分,术后2周提高到94.1分;平均股四头肌肌力较术前提高1.3级。③患者术后疼痛症状明显缓解,出院时所有患者不扶拐行走距离均超过100m。1个月、3个月随访结果满意,无并发症发生。结论:严重膝关节畸形关节置换的围手术期康复应根据术前关节畸形状态、骨质条件、术中软组织松解范围及截骨情况术后针对性的进行康复锻炼。康复应采取个体化、循序渐进及随时调整的原则进行。     

骨折后膝关节伸直位僵硬的功能康复

探讨骨折后膝关节伸直位僵硬的功能恢复与康复治疗效果。采用小切口或关节镜下手术及手法松解术，术后第2天开始持续被动活动(continuous pssive motin，CPM)机上行慢速全范围关节活动度功能锻炼，并行肌力训练，1周后进行主动伸、屈膝关节活动，1个月后开始扶拐下地负重行走。分别在术前、术后1个月、术后3个月进行膝关节评分、肌力评定、膝关节活动度测定。术后1个月。70％的患膝关节评分达到优良标准，术后3个月患膝关节评分均达到优良标准。膝关节伸直位僵硬采用小切口或关节镜下手术及手法松解后进行充分的康复治疗对提高肌力，维持关节稳定，恢复膝关节功能有确切疗效。     

股四头肌保留入路全膝关节置换术的早期临床疗效观察

目的:观察股四头肌保留入路(QS入路)全膝关节置换术的早期临床疗效.方法:比较QS入路(QS组)及传统髌旁内侧入路(标准组)全膝置换术的手术时间、出血量、膝关节协会评分(HSS)、视觉模拟(VAS)疼痛评分、主动屈曲活动度、肌力等.结果:手术时间QS组与标准组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),手术总出血量QS组比标准组稍多(P＜0.05).VAS评分术后第1天两组基本相同(P＞0.05),术后第3、7天QS组低于标准组(P＜0.05).膝关节主动屈曲活动度术后1周、1个月QS组比标准组大(P＜0.05),肌力评分术后1周、1个月QS组均大于标准组(P＜0.05),HSS评分术后1周、1个月QS组比标准组高(P＜0.05).术后3个月HSS评分、肌力和膝关节主动屈伸活动度两者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).QS组1例发生伤口愈合不良,经治疗痊愈.所有病例未发现深部感染、神经血管损伤等并发症.结论:采用QS入路全膝置换术,术后早期疼痛减轻,有利于早期伸膝功能和活动度的恢复.     

悬吊训练在膝关节置换术后康复中的作用

目的观察悬吊训练在膝关节置换术后康复中的作用。方法 46例膝关节置换术后患者,随机分为悬吊训练(SET)组(n=23)和持续被动运动训练(CPM)组(n=23)。CPM组给予持续被动运动训练,SET组给予悬吊训练。术前、术后15 d、术后3个月采用膝关节活动度(ROM)、膝关节功能量表(HSS)和姿势控制能力进行评估。结果术后15 d,SET组患者的膝关节最大被动屈曲角度比CPM组增加6.0°(95%CI=0.9°~11.2°;P0.01),膝关节最大主动屈曲角度比CPM组增加5.7°(95%CI=0.4°~9.1°;P0.01);但两组最大主动伸展角度、最大被动伸展角度、HSS评分(除活动度外)、姿势控制能力均无显著性差异(P0.05)。术后3个月,两组间所有评估项目均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 SET在短期内增加膝关节ROM比CPM更有效,可以用于膝关节置换术后的早期康复。     

早期镇痛联合阶梯康复训练对人工膝关节置换术后病人关节功能的影响

[目的]通过早期镇痛联合阶梯康复训练方法有效预防并发症,最大化地恢复膝关节正常功能。[方法]对人工膝关节置换术42例病人按照病人自我选择方法的不同分为两组,对照组镇痛及康复训练未做固定安排,试验组应用镇痛联合阶梯康复训练方法,在病人入院时与同组医师共同制定镇痛及阶梯康复训练方法,于围术期每日分3个时间段实施并记录反馈,分别于病人术后第1天、第7天、3个月评价其膝关节屈伸活动范围,术后第2天、6个月行美国膝关节学会评分(AKS)、主动关节活动度(AROM)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,同时评价其术后1周疼痛、3个月关节僵硬发生情况。[结果]试验组术后膝关节屈伸活动范围均大于对照组(P0.05),术后第2天、6个月AKS、AROM评分均大于对照组(P0.05),术后1周疼痛、3个月关节僵硬发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]对膝关节置换病人采用早期镇痛联合阶梯康复训练方法,可使病人在院内无痛状态中,提高早期院内膝关节活动度,早期(出院时)膝关节功能基本恢复正常,中期(出院后3个月、6个月)关节康复及社会功能(日常功能评分)恢复较好。     

人工下肢被动活动器的设计与应用

正膝关节置换术后,临床主张采用电动下肢关节被动活动器(CPM)进行屈曲练习,通过往复、多次、连续的屈伸活动,最终达到正常的膝关节活动度。随着关节外科理念和技术的进步,临床发现CPM容易导致膝关节疼痛、肿胀及关节腔内出血等,严重影响术后康复和关节功能恢复,不适合用于膝关节置换术后早期的功能锻炼。部分专家主张采用徒手进行膝关节的屈伸练习,但目的性不强,且术后因疼痛、创伤、切口包扎等因素,导致锻炼主动性不高,难以坚持。因此,我们综合了     

人工全膝关节表面置换治疗膝关节病的疗效

目的探讨人工膝关节表面置换术(TKA)治疗膝关节病的临床疗效。方法对120例(共136膝)膝关节病患者采用人工全膝关节表面置换术治疗。于TKA术前和术后3个月采用纽约特种外科医院膝关节评分表(HSS)评价膝关节功能情况,同时采用视觉模拟疼痛评估量表(VAS)对患者的疼痛情况进行评分。结果所有患者均一期愈合,随访3个月发现出现轻度膝前痛6例,出现单侧下肢肌间静脉血栓15例,无其他手术并发症发生。术前膝关节主动屈曲度为(104±23)°,术后恢复至(128.8±10)°,术前术后比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月VAS评分、HSS总评分及其各项评分均显著高于术前(P<0.05)。120例患者(136膝)膝关节功能恢复优112膝,良17膝,一般5膝,差2膝,优良率为94.85%。结论采用TKA术治疗膝关节病可改善患者的膝关节功能,促使患者早日康复。更多还原     

Continuous passive motion as an adjunct to active exercises in early rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty – a randomized controlled trial

Purpose. Continuous passive motion is frequently used post-operatively to increase knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty in spite of little conclusive evidence. The aim of this study was to examine whether continuous passive motion (CPM) as an adjunct to active exercises had any short time effects (after one week and three months) on pain, range of motion, timed walking and stair climbing.

Method. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 63 patients undergoing primary TKA were randomly assigned into an experimental group receiving CPM and active exercises and a control group receiving active exercises only. Outcomes were assessed by goniometer, visual analogue scale (VAS), timed ‘Up and Go’ test (TUG), timed 40 m walking distance and timed stair climbing.

Results. There were no statistical differences between the treatment groups for any outcome measures either at one week or after three months. For the whole group, a significant and 50% reduction in pain score was found after three months (p < 0.01). Compared with before surgery, a significantly impaired knee flexion range of motion (p < 0.01) and a significantly decreased number of patients able to climb stairs were found after three months (p < 0.01).

Conclusion. CPM was not found to have an additional short-time effect compared with active physiotherapy. After three months considerable pain relief was obtained for the whole group, the patients preoperative ROM was not restored and the number of patients able to climb stairs had decreased.     

持续被动运动的不同初始角度对全膝关节置换术后康复的影响

目的探讨持续被动运动(CPM)不同初始角度使用方法对全膝关节置换术后膝关节被动屈曲、伸展角度及肿胀的影响。方法 72例单侧全膝关节置换术患者随机分为CPM1组和cPM2组,每组36 例。所有患者均于术后第2天进行CPM,每日2次,每次1 h。CPM1组初始角度0-40°,每日增加10-20°; CPM2组初始角度90-50°,每日增加伸展角度10-15°,4 d内达到90-0°。结果 CPM2组在术后第7天、第 3个月时的膝关节屈曲、伸展角度均优于CPM1组,关节肿胀程度也较CPM1组轻。结论全膝关节置换术后 CPM早期屈曲角度越大越有利于康复。     

Effectiveness of continuous passive motion and conventional physical therapy after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of 3 in-hospital rehabilitation programs with and without continuous passive motion (CPM) for range of motion (ROM) in knee flexion and knee extension, functional ability, and length of stay after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). SUBJECTS: Eighty-one subjects who underwent TKA for a diagnosis of osteoarthritis were recruited. METHODS: All subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups immediately after TKA: a control group, which received conventional physical therapy intervention only; experimental group 1, which received conventional physical therapy and 35 minutes of CPM applications daily; and experimental group 2, which received conventional physical therapy and 2 hours of CPM applications daily. All subjects were evaluated once before TKA and at discharge. The primary outcome measure was active ROM in knee flexion at discharge. Active ROM in knee extension, Timed "Up & Go" Test results, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire scores, and length of stay were the secondary outcome measures. RESULTS: The characteristics of and outcome measurements for the subjects in the 3 groups were similar at baseline. No significant difference among the 3 groups was demonstrated in primary or secondary outcomes at discharge. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this study do not support the addition of CPM applications to conventional physical therapy in rehabilitation programs after primary TKA, as applied in this clinical trial, because they did not further reduce knee impairments or disability or reduce the length of the hospital stay.     

Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Continuous Passive Motion After Total Knee Replacement

Objective

To determine the effects of using a continuous passive motion (CPM) device for individuals with poor range of motion (ROM) after a total knee replacement (TKR) admitted for postacute rehabilitation.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF).

Participants

Adults (N=141) after TKR with initial active knee flexion <75° on admission to the IRF.

Intervention

Two randomized groups: group 1 (n=71) received the conventional 3 hours of therapy per day, and group 2 (n=70) received the addition of daily CPM use for 2 hours throughout their length of stay.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measure was active knee flexion ROM. Secondary outcome measures included active knee extension ROM length of stay, estimate of function using the FIM and Timed Up and Go test, girth measurement, and self-reported Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores.

Results

All subjects significantly improved from admission to discharge in all outcome measures. However, there were no statistically significant differences in any of the discharge outcome measures of the CPM group compared with the non-CPM group.

Conclusions

CPM does not provide an additional benefit over the conventional interventions used in an IRF for patient after TKR, specifically in patients with poor initial knee flexion ROM after surgery.     

Continuous Passive Motion After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Associated Effects on Clinical Outcomes

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of continuous passive motion (CPM) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and whether the use of CPM is related to improved clinical and functional outcomes.Data SourcesA systematic MEDLINE search via Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases was conducted.Study SelectionEnglish-language articles published between January 2000 and May 2018 reporting the related clinical outcomes of CPM after TKA were included. A total of 3334 titles and abstracts were preliminarily reviewed, of which 16 studies were included according to the eligibility criteria.Data ExtractionTwo different reviewers were selected to perform the study extraction, independent of each other. If there were any disagreements regarding the final list of studies, the third reviewer reviewed the list as an arbitrator for completeness.Data SynthesisA total of 16 trials with 1224 patients were included. The pooled results revealed that use of CPM did not show a statistically significant improvement of postoperative knee range of motion (ROM) except for middle-term passive knee extension and long-term active knee flexion ROM. Also, CPM therapy did not show a significant positive effect on the functional outcomes. No significant reduction in length of stay (LOS) and incidence of adverse events (AEs) was identified.ConclusionAmong patients undergoing TKA, neither the ROM nor the functional outcomes could be improved by CPM therapy. Moreover, the risk of AEs and LOS could not be reduced by application of CPM. The current available evidence suggested that this intervention was insufficient to be used routinely in clinical practice.     

持续被动运动联合等速闭链训练对膝关节前交叉韧带重建术患者疼痛、关节活动度及运动功能的影响

目的 评价持续被动运动联合等速闭链训练对膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术患者疼痛、膝关节活动度和运动功能的影响.方法 选择2020年6月—2021年1月行膝关节ACL重建术115例为观察对象,根据康复训练方法不同分为对照组57例和观察组58例.对照组采用常规康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上采用持续被动运动联合等速闭链训练...     

Effects of acupuncture and sham acupuncture in addition to physiotherapy in patients undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty--a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare the acute effects of acupuncture with sham acupuncture on knee pain, range of motion and ambulation in patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty, when added to a standard postoperative physiotherapy programme. DESIGN: Prospective patient- and assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Acute inpatient physiotherapy department. PATIENTS: Thirty patients (24 women and 6 men) undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty were included for final analysis in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Both groups received a standard postoperative physiotherapy programme. Each patient was also given either 10 sessions of acupuncture or sham acupuncture within two weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were the levels of pain at rest and at maximum after exercise measured by the numeric pain rating scale. Other outcome measures included active and passive ranges of knee motion measured by standard goniometer, and ambulation measured by the timed up-and-go test. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were recruited at the start of the study with 18 patients allocated to the acupuncture group and another 18 patients to the sham acupuncture group. On postoperative day 15, there were 30 patients with complete data; three patients in each group dropped out from the study. The mean differences (95% confidence interval (CI)) in overall averages of postoperative mean pain levels were 0.4 (-0.6 to 1.3) and -0.8 (-2.0 to 0.4) at rest and at maximum respectively. There were no significant differences in the active and passive ranges of knee motion and the time for the timed up-and-go test between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There is no difference between the acute effects of acupuncture and sham acupuncture in addition to standard postoperative physiotherapy programme in patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty.     

持续被动运动器对全髋关节置换术后患肢髋关节活动的恢复效果及康复指导

目的观察持续被动运动器(continuouspassivemotionapparatus,CPM)对全髋关节置换术后患肢关节活动度的影响。方法将65例全髋关节置换术后患者随机分成两组:一组进行常规康复疗法(对照组),另一组应用常规康复疗法+CPM进行康复治疗(CPM组)。进行6至12个月的随访,测量术后8、10、12周的患肢髋关节活动度。结果两组术后8、10和12周的髋关节活动度逐步改善,但CPM组较对照组的术后8、10和12周的髋关节活动度改善更为明显(P<0.05)。结论应用常规康复疗法和常规康复疗法+CPM均可有效地改善患者患肢的髋关节活动度,但常规康复疗法+CPM的疗效更好,同时应加强康复指导。     

全膝关节置换术后早期康复配合CPM机锻炼对膝关节功能恢复的影响

目的观察全膝关节置换术（TKA）后早期康复配合持续被动活动（CPM）机锻炼对膝关节功能恢复的疗效。方法23例TKA术后患者（28膝）随机分为治疗组（15膝）和对照组（13膝），治疗组实施早期康复功能锻炼配合CPM机锻炼，对照组仅进行CPM机锻炼。结果术前治疗组膝评分和功能评分与对照组差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05），术后两周评分与对照组差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0.01）。结论TKA术后早期康复功能锻炼配合CPM机锻炼可促进膝关节功能恢复。