超声技术在子宫瘢痕妊娠诊治中的应用进展

<正>剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)是孕囊着床于前次剖宫产子宫切口瘢痕处的特殊部位异位妊娠,其定义仅限于早孕期(≤12周),是剖宫产术后远期严重并发症之一~([1])。近年来,随着剖宫产率的不断升高,CSP的发生率也呈现出逐年增长的趋势,预防CSP发生、早期诊断、合理治疗及防止大出血、子宫破裂等严重并发症的发生、保留患者生育功能尤为重     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠的超声图像分析

目的 孕探讨剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位早期妊娠的超声图像特征,为临床医生早期诊断,早期处理本病提供依据.方法 对10例剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位早期妊娠超声图像进行回顾性分析.结果 剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位早期妊娠的超声图像表现为宫腔内及宫颈管内无妊娠囊,子宫下段前壁向外凸出,其内可见孕囊或不规则包块.包块与膀胱之间子宫肌层变薄.包块内及其周围血运丰富,有时可探及热带鱼状血流频谱.结论 剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位早期妊娠的超声图像有特异性,可为该病的诊断提供有价值的信息,并且在治疗过程中可以通过复查彩超观察血运情况来指导治疗时机.显著改善预后.     

妊娠早期子宫瘢痕厚度与子宫破裂发生的相关性研究

目的探讨妊娠早期剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕厚度、子宫瘢痕憩室与子宫破裂发生的相关性。方法选取2018年1月-2019年1月该院收治的剖宫产术后再次妊娠的80例孕妇为研究对象,依据妊娠结局分为子宫破裂组(10例)和子宫未破裂组(70例),分析两组一般状况、妊娠结局、肌层厚度及连续性结果、横切及纵切厚度、子宫瘢痕厚度对子宫破裂预测价值。结果两组年龄、新生儿出生体质量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);子宫未破裂组距前次剖宫产术的间隔时间长于子宫破裂组(P0.05);妊娠早期,剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室4例,占比5.0%,其中未发生子宫破裂3例,发生子宫破裂1例;子宫未破裂组厚度≤1.0 mm发生率高于子宫破裂组,子宫未破裂组厚度1.0 mm发生率低于子宫破裂组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);妊娠晚期剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室肌层厚度临界值为1.0 mm,诊断子宫破裂特异度、阳性预测值、灵敏度、阴性预测值分别为92.9%、68.7%、100.0%、100.0%;临界值为2.5 mm和2.0 mm时,特异度和阳性预测灵敏度非常低,分别为4.0%、13.2%和16.5%、15.1%;两组横切及纵切厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇子宫破裂与妊娠早期剖宫产术瘢痕厚度没有明确相关性,没有必要因妊娠早期剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室和子宫瘢痕菲薄终止妊娠,应对子宫前壁下段状况密切监控。妊娠晚期对子宫前壁下段肌层连续性定性观察,可及时发现子宫破裂,对预防措施制定具有非常好的临床价值。     

子宫切口瘢痕妊娠诊断及治疗的临床分析

目的:分析讨论剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕妊娠的诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析32例剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕妊娠患者的临床资料。结果:22例子宫动脉栓塞加灌注化疗及清宫术,5例在B超引导下行清宫术治疗,1例行清宫术中因子宫大出血而中转开腹行病灶切除术,3例行腹式子宫切口瘢痕妊娠病灶局部切除术,1例入院时已发生子宫破裂行腹式全子宫切除术,1例行超声引导下局部病灶注射甲氨蝶呤(MTX)+米非司酮口服治疗,随访血人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)均降至正常。结论:早期及时诊断子宫切口瘢痕妊娠采取个体化治疗,以保留患者的生育功能。     

剖宫产子宫瘢痕部位妊娠48例临床研究

目的：探讨临床剖宫产子宫瘢痕部位妊娠的临床表现、诊断、治疗和预后.方法：回顾性分析本院2008 年3月-2011年3月收治的48 例剖宫产子宫瘢痕部位妊娠患者的临床资料.结果：所有的患者在治疗期间均无严重并发症出现且全部治愈.结论：阴道的超声检查是早期诊断剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的最常用有效方法,动脉介入栓塞治疗、MTX 静脉治疗和子宫病灶切除术治疗剖宫产子宫瘢痕部位妊娠,在临床中均可取得满意的疗效.     

20例子宫瘢痕妊娠经阴道超声诊断及治疗效果评价

对于高危妊娠孕妇临床上通常采取剖宫产,但剖宫产术后常伴随并发症,子宫瘢痕妊娠（CSP）就是一种剖宫产远期并发症[1]。子宫下段切口瘢痕部妊娠（即子宫峡部）,是一种类型较为特殊的异位妊娠。若早期未经确诊及正确处理,危险性极高,易导致大出血、胎盘植入、子宫破裂,严重者需切除子宫,甚至危及生命[2]。本文对剖宫产后瘢痕妊娠患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨其阴道超声的诊断特征及治疗效果。     

剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠16例临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的诊治方法。方法回顾分析笔者所在医院8年来收治的16例剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的诊治过程,对其结局进行分析以探讨最佳的早期诊断和处理方式。结果16例中14例早期B超诊断而行相应治疗,2例在早些年未予诊断明确于人流时中大出血。16例中仅2例药物保守治疗成功,4例行子宫动脉栓塞术并清官治愈,3例切除子宫,7例剖腹探查行瘢痕部位切除并修补子宫。结论剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠是近年来常见的妊娠并发症,有随时可能发生大出血的危险。有剖宫产史者早孕流产前应常规彩超检查,警惕剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠。处理方法有药物治疗、子宫局部瘢痕肌层过薄者以开腹手术为宜,根据局部情况可行局部修补或子宫切除术,有条件者可行介入治疗或介入后清宫术。     

剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的诊治分析

剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠是一种特殊类型的妊娠,可以产生子宫破裂、大出血等严重的母体并发症.介于我国高剖宫产率,近年来随着二胎政策的开放,剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的发生明显增加.目前剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的发病机制、诊断标准、治疗方式等仍有有很多值得探讨研究的地方.该文旨在通过复习相关文献,对该病的发病机制、诊断及治疗进行探讨及总结,为临床工作提供参考.     

瘢痕子宫患者孕期发生子宫破裂的临床分析

目的探讨瘢痕子宫患者妊娠后,孕期发生子宫破裂的临床特点及高危因素。 方法选择2016年1月至2019年12月,成都市妇女儿童中心医院收治的瘢痕子宫患者妊娠后,孕期发生子宫破裂的106例患者为研究对象。其中,由于既往剖宫产术导致瘢痕子宫患者再次妊娠后,孕期发生子宫破裂者为95例(89.6%);由于非剖宫产术(子宫穿孔术、子宫角楔形切除术、子宫肌瘤剔除术)导致瘢痕子宫患者妊娠后子宫破裂者为11例(10.4%)。采取回顾性分析法,将95例剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫患者,按照再次妊娠后,孕期发生子宫破裂类型,将其分别纳入完全性子宫破裂(CRU)组(n＝17)和不全性子宫破裂(ICRU)组(n＝78)。采取Mann-Whitney U检验、χ²检验或连续性校正χ²检验,对CRU组与ICRU组患者的临床病例资料进行统计学比较。本研究遵循的程序,符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①孕期瘢痕子宫破裂发生率：2016年1月至2019年12月,本院瘢痕子宫患者孕期子宫破裂发生率为0.129%(106/82 157);每年瘢痕子宫患者孕期子宫破裂发生率总体比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝26.490,P<0.001)。②临床特点分析：本组106例患者的年龄为32岁(19～40岁);104例(98.1%)瘢痕子宫破裂发生在晚孕期(≥28孕周),2例发生在中孕期(20～27^＋6孕周);74例(69.8%)破裂者无典型子宫破裂症状,32例(30.2%)有典型子宫破裂症状。在11例非剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫患者中,发生严重不良妊娠结局为8例,包括死胎、新生儿窒息、失血性休克及子宫切除术各为3、5、3及2例。③CRU组与ICRU组比较：孕次、产次、既往剖宫产术分娩次数构成比比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);CRU组患者年龄、孕龄、本次妊娠距离前次剖宫产术分娩间隔时间及临产率,均大于、小于、短于及高于ICRU组,并且差异均有统计学意义(Z＝14.323、P<0.001,Z＝-32.578、P<0.001,Z＝-7.268、P<0.001,χ²＝4.720、P＝0.030)。④治疗与随访结果：本组106例患者中,3例接受子宫切除术,18例于剖宫产术中接受双侧输卵管结扎术及子宫修补术,85例接受剖宫产术分娩及子宫修补术。对其中保留生育功能的85例患者随访5～52个月,无一例再次妊娠。 结论瘢痕子宫患者妊娠,是导致孕期子宫破裂的高危因素,剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫患者最为常见。剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫患者再次妊娠时,其发生CRU与本次妊娠距离前次剖宫术分娩间隔时间密切相关。对于非剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫患者妊娠时,若其发生子宫破裂,则后果往往更严重。     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的临床治疗研究进展

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠为剖宫产术后严重并发症之一,病情凶险、潜在风险较大,若未及时诊治,易增加子宫破裂、致命性出血风险,严重者会导致子宫切除。目前,临床针对剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠,主要以早期诊断、及时治疗、保留生育能力为主。治疗方法包括药物治疗、介入治疗、清宫术、开腹手术、经阴道子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除术、腹腔镜手术、宫腔镜手术、超声引导下抽吸妊娠囊、高强度聚焦超声消融等。生育要求、HCG水平、病灶血流情况、瘢痕肌层厚度、孕周等多因素,均会对治疗效果产生影响,结合患者个体实际情况,选择最佳治疗方法是临床研究重点。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.