狼疮肾炎患者外周血单个核细胞NF-κB与糖皮质激素受体mRNA的表达

目的：检测狼疮肾炎患者单个核细胞核因子-κB（NF一κB）与糖皮质激素受体mRNA（GR-mRNA）的表达水平。方法：免疫组织化学方法及逆转录酶链反应检测狼疮肾炎患者和正常对照组外周血单个核细胞NF-κB与糖皮质激素受体mRNA的表达。结果：与对照组相比,狼疮肾炎患者外周血单个核细胞GRmRNA表达水平降低,NF-κB表达水平升高（P〈0．01）;激素治疗前,激素敏感组、激素依赖组及激素抵抗组GRmRNA表达水平均降低（P〈0．01）,NF—κB表达水平升高（P〈0．01）。激素敏感组与激素抵抗组GRmRNA表达水平有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论：NF—κB与GRmRNA的异常表达可能与狼疮。肾炎病情及糖皮质激素疗效不同有关。     

糖皮质激素受体与狼疮肾炎治疗关系的研究

目的:检测狼疮肾炎患者外周血单个核细胞糖皮质激素受体(GR)位点数及GR mRNA的表达.方法:采用放射性配基结合位点分析法及RT-PCR方法检测38例狼疮肾炎患者GR位点数及其mRNA含量.结果:狼疮肾炎患者血中糖皮质激素和促肾上腺皮质激素与正常对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),外周血单个核细胞GR位点数及其GR mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.01).结论:狼疮肾炎患者体内存在GR数目及转录过程的异常,可能与糖皮质激素治疗的效果不同有关.     

狼疮肾炎患者热休克蛋白90及其亚型mRNA表达的研究

目的：探讨热休克蛋白90及其亚型与狼疮肾炎患者发病与治疗之间的关系。方法：采用RT-PCR方法对28例狼疮肾炎患者外周血单个核细胞中热休克蛋白90及热休克蛋白90α、热休克蛋白90β mRNA进行了检测?结果：狼疮肾炎患者热休克蛋白90 mRNA表达水平明显高于正常对照组，三组狼疮肾炎患者热休克蛋白90α、90β mRNA表达水平亦升高，糖皮质激素抵抗组升高水平较明显。结论：热休克蛋白90、90α和90βmRNA表达水平的升高可能与狼疮肾炎的发病有关，亦与狼疮肾炎患者对糖皮质激素治疗的反应不同有关。     

天疱疮患者外周血单一核细胞糖皮质激素受体mRNA的表达

目的 通过检测外周血单一核细胞(PBMC)糖皮质激素受体(GR)mRNA的表达预测天疱疮患者对糖皮质激素(简称激素)治疗的疗效。方法 用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,对30例天疱疮患者及30例健康对照者PBMCGRα及GRβ的mRNA进行检测。结果 所有天疱疮患者及健康对照者均可检测到GRαmRNA,且天疱疮患者中GRαmRNA的表达水平显著低于正常人对照组(P=0.044),但在激素治疗控制组及未控制组之间,GRαmRNA的表达水平差异无统计学意义。GRβmRNA的检出率:激素治疗未控制组为83%(10/12),激素治疗控制组为17%(3/18),正常人对照组为30%(9/30),GRβmRNA的阳性率在激素治疗控制组与未控制组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 激素治疗未控制组天疱疮患者PBMC上GRβmRNA表达增加,GRβ在决定天疱疮患者对激素治疗疗效上有一定作用。     

女性狼疮肾炎患者外周血单个核细胞瘦素受体mRNA的表达及其与细胞因子的关系

目的:检测女性狼疮肾炎患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)表面两种瘦素受体(ob-R)mRNA及血清中瘦素和细胞因子(IL-6和TNF-α)的表达水平.方法:采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测了28例女性狼疮肾炎患者和20例正常对照者的外周血单个核细胞表面长型受体(ob-Rb)和短型受体(ob-Ra)mRNA的表达.血清瘦素、IL-6和TNF-α水平的检测采用放射免疫分析法.结果:与正常对照组相比,女性狼疮肾炎患者单个核细胞mRNA(包括长型受体和短型受体)和血清瘦素、IL-6和TNF-α水平明显增高(P<0.01).结论:女性狼疮肾炎患者体内瘦素长型受体(ob-Rb)和短型受体(ob-Ra)mRNA与IL-6和TNF-α水平的增高可能与狼疮肾炎的发生和发展有关.     

糖皮质激素受体与褪黑素受体在斑秃皮损中的表达

目的:检测斑秃(AA)患者皮损及健康头皮标本中糖皮质激素受体(GR)和褪黑素受体(MR)的表达.方法:用免疫组化法检测15例AA患者和16例正常对照组GR-α、GR-β、MR1的表达.结果:GR-α的表达在AA组明显强于健康组(P＜0.05);在毛囊生长期和静止期细胞中AA组GR-α的表达强于健康组(P＜0.01);GR-β在AA组与健康组的表达无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MR1在AA组表皮层表达弱于健康组(P＜0.05);在真皮间质炎细胞中AA组高于健康组,并与间质炎细胞分布关系密切(P＜0.05).结论:GR-α不仅在正常毛发生长中起着重要作用,而且通过对毛囊生长期和静止期的影响参与了斑秃的发生.     

IκK-α/β、IκB-αm RNA在系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血单个核细胞中核因子(NF)-κB信号通路中IκB激酶(IκK)-α、IκKβ、IκB-α mRNA的定量表达水平,及与SLE病情活动程度的相关性。方法:采集110例SLE患者和50名正常人外周血,抽提总RNA并反转录成cDNA,运用实时定量PCR法在基因测序仪上检测IκK-α、IκK-β、IκB-α mRNA的表达水平。结果:①SLE患者组的IκK-α、IκK-β mRNA定量表达水平显著高于正常对照组(P0.01);未使用糖皮质激素的初发SLE患者IκK-α、IκK-β mRNA定量表达水平显著高于已使用糖皮质激素的SLE患者(P0.05);②SLE患者组的IκB-α mRNA定量表达水平显著低于正常对照组(P0.01);未使用糖皮质激素的初发SLE患者IκB-αmRNA定量表达水平显著低于已使用糖皮质激素的SLE患者(P0.01);③IκB-α mRNA的表达与IκK-α、IκK-β mRNA表达水平呈负相关(P=0.000);④IκB-α mRNA的表达与SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)积分呈负相关(P0.01)。结论:SLE患者体内NF-κB信号通路处于高活性状态,且与疾病活动程度相关,阻抑NF-κB过度活化可能有利于SLE的治疗。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α对角质形成细胞株HaCaT细胞糖皮质激素受体表达的影响

目的:研究肿瘤坏死因子(TNr)-α对角质形成细胞糖皮质激素受体(GR)表达的影响.方法:采用反转录实时定量PCR和Western blotting观察经TNF-α作用后,培养的人角质形成细胞株HaCaT细胞的GRα、Cnβ mRNA和蛋白质的表达情况.结果:TNF-α对HacaT细胞GRα的表达无明显影响,但可上调HacaT细胞GRB的表达,并且呈剂量和时间依赖.结论:TNF-α可增加GRβ的表达,可能是炎性细胞因子参与诱发糖皮质激素皮肤耐受现象的内在机制之一.     

糖皮质激素对天疱疮和类天疱疮患者诱发糖尿病的临床研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨糖皮质激素治疗后诱发糖尿病的天疱疮患者和类天疱疮患者的临床特征及其糖皮质激素受体水平变化情况。方法根据是否出现糖尿病,将接受糖皮质激素治疗的22例天疱疮患者和17例类天疱疮患者分为两组(糖尿病组和非糖尿病组),比较两组患者的一般资料、皮损愈合情况和糖皮质激素受体检测情况。结果糖尿病组患者体质指数(25.02±1.97 vs 21.77±1.35)、激素起始剂量(59.21±1.89 vs 40.45±2.11)、每日激素最大剂量(100.23±2.23 vs 61.92±2.03)、激素治疗时间(14.22±1.76 vs 2.45±0.34)均高于非糖尿病组;止疱时间(85±3.11 vs 115±2.89)、结痂时间(180±9.66 vs 220±5.12)、脱痂时间(210±4.22 vs 250±5.02)均低于非糖尿病组。治疗后,糖尿病组患者皮损中GRα表达量显著增加,非糖尿病患者皮损中GRα的表达量无明显变化,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论糖皮质激素治疗天疱疮和类天疱疮能够提高患者的体质指数,缩短患者的止疱、结痂和脱痂时间,为临床使用糖皮质激素治疗提供参考依据。     

糖皮质激素对天疱疮和类天疱疮患者诱发糖尿病的临床研究

目的探讨糖皮质激素治疗后诱发糖尿病的天疱疮患者和类天疱疮患者的临床特征及其糖皮质激素受体水平变化情况。方法根据是否出现糖尿病,将接受糖皮质激素治疗的22例天疱疮患者和17例类天疱疮患者分为两组(糖尿病组和非糖尿病组),比较两组患者的一般资料、皮损愈合情况和糖皮质激素受体检测情况。结果糖尿病组患者体质指数(25.02±1.97 vs 21.77±1.35)、激素起始剂量(59.21±1.89 vs 40.45±2.11)、每日激素最大剂量(100.23±2.23 vs 61.92±2.03)、激素治疗时间(14.22±1.76 vs 2.45±0.34)均高于非糖尿病组;止疱时间(85±3.11 vs 115±2.89)、结痂时间(180±9.66 vs 220±5.12)、脱痂时间(210±4.22 vs 250±5.02)均低于非糖尿病组。治疗后,糖尿病组患者皮损中GRα表达量显著增加,非糖尿病患者皮损中GRα的表达量无明显变化,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论糖皮质激素治疗天疱疮和类天疱疮能够提高患者的体质指数,缩短患者的止疱、结痂和脱痂时间,为临床使用糖皮质激素治疗提供参考依据。     

Dermatology in private practice in France in 2000

OBJECTIVES: Data regarding French dermatological practice are scarce. Our objective was to identify the skin disorders most commonly diagnosed by office-based dermatologists. We also documented the severity of these skin disorders, as reflected by the repercussions on patient's everyday life, and the way physicians managed patients. DESIGN: We carried out a one-day survey of visits to a randomly selected sample of 900 French office-based dermatologists. The randomization was stratified according to the five French different dialing area codes. RESULTS: Office-based dermatologists saw 6411 patients with 7839 skin disorders during the survey. The daily number of visits to French dermatologists was estimated at 47 000 and the annual number between 12 and 14 millions. Office-based dermatologists mostly managed warts, acne, nevus, dermatitis, malignancies and pre-malignancies, fungal infection and psoriasis. Repercussions on patients'everyday life were assessed by physicians as important or very important in 28 p. 100 of cases. Half of the patients received topical treatment, 20.5 p. 100 a systemic drug and 40 p. 100 a minor surgical procedure (including cryotherapy). CONCLUSION: Although dermatologists frequently see benign skin disorders such as warts or nevus, more severe diseases represent an important part of their activity.     

Decrease in neutrophils observed in vivo in psoriatics after PUVA therapy

Summary In 56 patients leucocyte and differential counts were done before and at weekly intervals during PUVA treatment of chronic recalcitrant psoriasis. A statistical significant (P<0.01) decrease in the percentage of neutrophils was observed during the first week of the PUVA therapy. This observation could be closely related to the clinical clearing of psoriasis (P=0.02).The effect of PUVA therapy in psoriasis may be due to a decrease in the number of immunocompetent neutrophils demonstrated in psoriatic lesions.     

37例麻风患者的家庭集聚性调查分析

目的:明确麻风家庭感染者的发病情况。方法:利用全国麻风病防治信息管理系统(LEPMIS)数据库,描述性分析麻风家庭感染者的发病情况。结果:符合条件的共17户家庭37例麻风患者,其中多菌型患者33例,少菌型4例;密切接触5年内发病4例(10.81%),5~10年发病者11例(29.73%),超过10年发病者13例(35.14%),不明时间者9例(24.32%);其中因父母子女关系感染17例(45.95%)、祖孙关系5例(13.51%)、兄弟关系2例(5.41%)。结论:多菌型麻风是家庭传染者的主要传染源。     

Progress in Malassezia Research in Korea

Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are part of the normal flora of human skin. However, they are also associated with various skin diseases. Since the introduction of Malassezia to the Korean Dermatologic Society two decades ago, remarkable progress has been made in our knowledge of this genus. In this paper, we review recent developments in Malassezia research, including taxonomy and methods for species identification, recent genome analyses, Malassezia species distribution in healthy conditions and in specific skin diseases, trials investigating the mechanisms underlying Malassezia-related diseases, as well as therapeutic options. This review will enhance our understanding of Malassezia yeasts and related skin diseases in Korea.     

Hard cornification in reptilian epidermis in comparison to cornification in mammalian epidermis

The structure of reptilian hard (beta)-keratins, their nucleotide and amino acid sequence, and the organization of their genes are presented. These 13-19 kDa proteins are basic, rich in glycine, proline and serine, and different from cytokeratins. Their mRNAs are expressed in beta-cells. The central part of beta-keratins (this region has been previously termed 'core-box' and is peculiar of all sauropsid proteins) is composed of two beta-folded regions and shows a high identity with avian beta-keratins. This central part present in all beta-keratins, including feather keratins, is the site of polymerization to build the framework of beta-keratin filaments. Beta-keratins appear cytokeratin-associated proteins. Their central region might have originated in an ancestral glycine-rich protein present in stem reptiles from which beta-keratins evolved and diversified into reptiles and birds. Stem reptiles of the Carboniferous period might have possessed glycine-rich proteins derived from exons/domains corresponding to the variable, glycine-rich region of cytokeratins. Beta-keratins might have derived from a gene coding for small glycine-rich keratin-associated proteins. The glycine-rich regions evolved differently in the lineage leading to modern reptiles and birds versus that leading to mammals. In the reptilian lineage some amino acid regions produced by point mutations and amino acid changes might have given rise to originate the central beta-pleated region. The latter allowed the formation of filamentous proteins (beta-keratins) associated with intermediate filament keratins and replaced them in beta-keratin cells. In the mammalian lineage no beta-pleated region was generated in their matrix proteins, the glycine-rich keratin-associated proteins. The latter evolved as glycine-tyrosine-rich, sulphur-rich, and ultra-sulphur-rich proteins that are used for building hairs, horns and nails.     

Experimental approaches to lymphocyte migration in dermatology in vitro and in vivo

Lymphocyte trafficking through the dermal compartment is part of the physiological surveillance process of the adaptive immune system. On the other hand, persistent or recurrent lymphocyte infiltrates are hallmarks of both types of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, Th1-type such as psoriasis or Th2/allergic-type like atopic dermatitis. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying lymphocyte movements is one of the key prerequisites for developing more effective therapies. In this review, we introduce a range of simple-to-sophisticated experimental in vitro and in vivo approaches to analyze lymphocyte migration. These methods start from static in vitro adhesion and chemotaxis assays, include dynamic endothelial flow chamber, intravital dual photon, and transcutaneous live-video microscopy, and finally encompass specific genetically deficient or engineered animal models. Discussing pros and cons of these assay systems hopefully generates both state-of-the-art knowledge about the factors involved in most common chronic skin diseases as well as an improved understanding of the limitations and chances of new biologic pharmaceuticals that are currently introduced into clinical practice.     

Dermatoses in cement workers in southern Taiwan

Construction workers are known to have occupational dermatoses. The prevalence of such dermatoses was unknown in Taiwanese construction workers. The objective of this study was to determine the work exposure, prevalence of skin manifestations, and sensitivity to common contact allergens in cement workers of southern Taiwan. A total of 1147 current regular cement workers were telephone-interviewed about skin problems during the past 12 months, work exposure, and personal protection. Among those interviewed, 166 were examined and patch tested with common contact allergens. A high % of cement workers reported skin problems in the past 12 months. More men (13.9%) reported skin problems possibly related to work than women (5.4%). Prevalence was associated with lower use of gloves, duration of work as cement worker, and more time in jobs involving direct manual handling of cement, especially tiling. A high % of dermatitis was noted in the 166 workers examined, which correlated with reported skin problems. On patch testing, construction workers had a high frequency of sensitivity to chromate. Sensitivity to chromate or cobalt was associated with reported skin problems, or dorsal hand dermatitis on examination. These workers'dermatitis was under-diagnosed and inadequately managed. It is concluded that cement workers in southern Taiwan had a high prevalence of skin problems related to cement use. Protective measures, work practice, and physician education should be improved to prevent or manage such problems.