Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of crossing renal vessels in children with symptomatic ureteropelvic junction obstruction: comparison with operative findings

Background Crossing renal vessels (CRV) are associated with ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, particularly when presentation is beyond the neonatal period. Their presence may influence surgical management. Objective To evaluate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) in the identification of CRV in children requiring surgical treatment of symptomatic UPJ obstruction, against a gold standard of laparoscopic or open surgical findings. Materials and methods We reviewed CE-MRA studies (3-D T2-weighted turbo spin-echo and multiphase 3-D spoiled gradient echo following intravenous gadolinium administration) of 14 children, age range 6–15 years, performed prior to surgery for suspected CRV-related UPJ obstruction. Consensus reviews of the CE-MRA studies were compared with surgical findings. Results CE-MRA demonstrated CRV at the level of the obstruction in nine and no crossing vessels in five children. These were all verified intraoperatively (χ² = 14.0; P < 0.001). In eight of the nine patients with CRV there was no evidence of intrinsic obstruction at surgery. In the remaining patient there was fibrosis of the upper ureter. Conclusion CE-MRA is an accurate means of identifying CRV in children older than 6 years with symptomatic UPJ obstruction.     

儿童先天性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻性肾积水手术后分肾功能变化的短期随访研究

目的 了解单侧肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)手术后短期患侧分肾功能(differential renal function,DRF)缓解效果. 方法 选择2019年3月至2019年10月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院收治的单侧UPJO行肾盂成形术患者...     

小儿输尿管息肉致梗阻性肾积水

目的探讨小儿输尿管息肉致梗阻性肾积水的临床特点及诊治方法。方法回顾分析1987～2005年收治33例小儿输尿管息肉致梗阻性肾积水的临床资料，男32例，女1例，左侧27例，右侧5例，双侧1例。就诊年龄5～14岁，平均9岁，病程1个月至5年，平均1年7个月，发病年龄4～12岁，平均7岁。结果33例患儿行手术治疗，手术及术后病理证实肾脏积水为输尿管息肉造成梗阻所致，术后6～12个月行IVP检查，肾积水缓解或减轻，腹痛症状消失，随访6个月至18年未见息肉复发。结论输尿管息肉致梗阻性肾积水以男孩多见，且以学龄儿童为主，多发生在左侧，临床表现和其他原因引起的肾积水类似，但腹痛较剧烈，积水多不重。治疗根据息肉的位置及大小决定手术方案，包括息肉段输尿管切除＋肾盂输尿管吻合，及息肉段输尿管切除＋输尿管一输尿管吻合。     

Prepartal diagnosis of crossed renal ectopia with ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Giant hydronephrosis in a newborn as a complication of unfused, crossed renal ectopia and its successful operative correction are reported.     

小儿肾盂输尿管连接处息肉(附14例报告)

目的探讨小儿肾盂输尿管连接处息肉的临床及病理特点，总结诊治经验。方法对我科1985年10月至2005年10月期间收治的14例肾盂输尿管连接处息肉合并肾积水的患儿回顾性分析其临床表现，超声、肾核素扫描、IVP、CT检查所见及病理结果。结果14例患儿，男12例（85．7％，12／14），女2例（14．3％，2／14），左侧13例（92．9%,40，13／14），右侧1例（7．1％，1／14）。年龄5～13岁，平均9．9岁。临床表现以间歇性腰腹痛为主。超声检查术前诊断率为14．3％（2／14）。IVP和CT术前诊断率为28．6％（4／14）。三维增强CT重建诊断率为88．9％（8／9）。所有患儿均行肾盂输尿管成形术，息肉均位于肾盂输尿管交界处，病变的病理表现包括炎性息肉和纤维上皮性息肉样改变，9例合并有肾盂输尿管交接处原发性病变（输尿管肌层增厚、输尿管平滑肌增生、肌束排列紊乱）。结论儿童肾盂输尿管连接处息肉少见，多见于大龄男孩，左侧多见。临床无特异性症状，28．6%术前可经IVP和CT诊断，三维CT重建诊断率高，可达88．9%。病因多为先天性异常，行肾盂输尿管成形术，术后效果良好。     

孤立肾并肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术疗效分析

目的了解孤立肾合并肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的手术治疗时机对于肾功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2018年1月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院和北京儿童医院顺义妇儿医院收治的孤立肾合并UPJO 23例患儿临床资料。其中男16例,女7例。首诊年龄为1 d~15岁8个月,平均2岁2个月。全组患儿平均保守治疗时间2年9个月。应用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果23例患儿均接受离断性肾盂成形术(A-H术),手术时年龄10个月~16岁4个月,平均4岁11个月。<1岁者2例,分别为10个月、11个月。术后保留双J管2个月,术后3个月时复查静脉肾盂造影(IVP),显示肾盂积水较前无明显变化或不同程度减轻;3例术前IVP 40 min仍不显影者,术后显影明显改善,在10~20 min时显影。随访1年1个月~10年,平均随访3年9个月,泌尿系统超声提示肾盂扩张程度较术前有不同程度减轻。结论孤立肾并UPJO在严密观察下的密切随访及保守治疗至6个月以后是安全的,首选手术方式为肾盂离断成形术。     

先天性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患儿积水肾脏中水通道蛋白1-4的表达

目的 观察先天性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患儿积水肾脏中水通道蛋白l-4(aquaporin,AQP1-4)的表达及其与积水程度之间的关系.方法 收集22例接受肾盂成形术和肾造瘘术的先天性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(pyeloureteral junction obstruction,PUJO)患儿的肾组织标本,并将其按照静脉肾盂造影(intravenous pyelography,IVP)显影时间的长短分为两组.轻度肾积水组(10例;IVP60min内显影)和重度肾积水组(12例,IVP 60min内不显影).8例正常肾组织标本来自于肾母细胞瘤周围正常肾组织.免疫组织化学技术检测AQPl-4在正常肾脏和积水肾脏中的表达与定位.逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测AQP1-4 mRNA在正常肾脏和积水肾脏中的表达水平.结果 AQP1阳性着色主要分布于肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞、近曲小管的上皮细胞及髓袢降支细段上皮细胞胞质,AQP2阳性着色主要分布于肾脏集合管上皮细胞胞膜和胞质,AQP3阳性着色主要分布于肾脏集合管主细胞的基底侧,AQP4阳性着色主要分布于肾内髓集合管上皮细胞基底侧.而积水肾脏AQP1-4表达均有不同程度下降.RT-PCR显示重度肾积水中AQPl-4的相对表达量显著低于轻度肾积水和正常对照组(AQP1:0.194±0.118比0.598±0.092比0.858±0.122;AQP2:0.247±0.089比0.566±0.105比0.976±0.134;AQP3:0.426±0.126比0.741±0.074比1.006 ±0.084;AQP4:0.171±0.115比0.420±0.081比0.739±0.201;P＜0.01).结论 AQP1-4在先天性PUJO患儿积水肾组织中的表达水平降低,且随着积水程度的加重而下降,表明其在肾积水发展的过程中可能与肾脏浓缩稀释功能的下降有一定的关系.     

Renal pyramid echogenicity in ureteropelvic junction obstruction: correlation between altered echogenicity and differential renal function

BACKGROUND: Improvement in resolution and use of high-frequency transducers in US has enabled visualization of previously unreported changes in medullary pyramid echogenicity in children with obstructive hydronephrosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether these unreported changes in echogenicity and morphology of the renal pyramids in ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction correlate with differential renal function (DRF) of the kidney as determined by technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine ((99m)Tc-MAG3) scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Renal sonograms in 60 children with UPJ obstruction were retrospectively reviewed. Children were divided into three groups based on the echogenicity of the pyramids: (1) normal echogenicity of the pyramids, (2) increased echogenicity of the pyramids with maintained corticomedullary differentiation (CMD), and (3) loss of CMD. DRF, as determined by (99m)Tc-MAG3 scan, of the obstructed kidney of >/=45% was considered normal and of 相似文献   

Prenatally detected ureteropelvic junction obstruction: clinical features and associated urologic abnormalities

Urologic congenital anomalies associated with ureteropelvic obstruction (UPJO) have been previously characterized; however, less data are available regarding these associations in a prenatally diagnosed population. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate significant clinical features and urological anomalies associated with prenatally diagnosed UPJO. The records of 143 children with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis secondary to UPJO were retrospectively reviewed. The gender, side of obstruction, degree of hydronephrosis, associated clinical features, and urological anomalies were noted. Hundred and forty-three children (M/F = 2.7) with a total of 198 affected renal units (RU) presenting with unilateral (61%) or bilateral (39%) UPJO were enrolled. In cases of unilateral obstruction, the left side was affected in 60 children (68%). The grade of hydronephrosis was Grade 1 in 56 RU (28%), Grade 2 in 51 RU (26%), Grade 3 in 50 RU (25%) and Grade 4 in 41 RU (21%). Associated clinical features included prematurity (n = 7, 4.9%), twinning (n = 5, 3.5%) and presentation with renal failure (RF) (n = 2). Excluding contralateral UPJO, other urologic anomalies were encountered in 29 patients (20.3%). Associated vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was encountered in 11 patients (7.7%, M/F = 2.7). Pyeloplasty was required more often in children with associated VUR (54.5 vs. 18.2%) (P = 0.01). Contralateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) was encountered in six patients (M/F = 2), one of whom presented with RF. One child carried the diagnosis of Schinzel–Giedion syndrome (SGS), demonstrating severe developmental and neurological disorders and bilateral hydronephrosis. The more frequent occurrence of UPJO in males with predominantly left-sided location, association with VUR and MCDK, and increased frequency of bilaterality in our prenatally diagnosed patients were similar to historical reports. In addition, prematurity and twinning were independently associated with UPJO. The higher rate of pyeloplasty in patients with associated reflux warrants further investigation.     

Moderate approach to the antenatally diagnosed unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction: experience with 93 patients

To evaluate the results of the treatment in patients with antenatally detected unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Ninety-three patients were analyzed according to the radiologic and scintigraphic findings and mode of the treatment. Fifty-eight patients were treated surgically while 29 patients were followed conservatively. All patients were reevaluated at the first year of the treatment with diuretic renogram (DR). Follow-up procedure was finished at first postoperative year in surgically treated patients, while mean follow-up duration was 14.9±6.9 months for the conservatively treated group. In the operated group, pelvic diameter was greater than 20 mm on ultrasound and overall rate of mean split renal function was 38.65±9.55% on DR and 39.65±12.55% at first postoperative year. In the conservatively treated group, mean split renal function was 46.17±3.42 at the beginning and 47.48±4.00 at first year of follow-up. Sixty-three percent of the patients underwent pyeloplasty while 83% of them were showing obstructive pattern on DR. We believed that surgery should be done in renal units which showed pelvic diameter greater than 20 mm and less than 40% of split renal function, while others might be followed conservatively, with or without an obstructive pattern on DR.     

Radioisotopic evaluation of the renal parenchymal function in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. A retrospective study

Separate glomerular filtration rates were evaluated in 21 children with uni- or bilateral ureteropelvic junction stenosis, using the Tc-99m DTPA complex and the scintillation camera.The grade of alteration seen on urograms has influenced the surgeon in his decision to use a conservative or a surgical treatment, whereas the type of intervention (pyeloplasty or nephrectomy) was mainly based on the scintigraphic quantitation. The morphological data provided by an excretory urogram could not predict the degree of functional impairment.The scintigraphic evaluation of single kidney clearance was useful in the evaluation of the effects of medical and surgical treatment.Abbreviations PUJ Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction - SGFR separate glomerular filtration rate - GFR glomerular filtration rate Offprint requests to: St Peter's Hospital, Dept. of Radioisotopes, Rue Haute 322, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium     

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻合并同侧膀胱输尿管连接部梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的 肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)和膀胱输尿管连接部梗阻(ureterovesical junction obstruction,UVJO)这两个最常见的儿童泌尿系统病理状态同时存在较少见.本文对单侧UPJO合并同侧UVJO的诊断与治疗进行探讨.方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院2012年1月至2015年7月间手术治疗的UPJO合并UVJO患儿.术前常规行泌尿系超声、同位素利尿肾图(DR)及排泄性膀胱尿道造影(VCUG)等检查.结果 我院共诊治单侧UPJO合并UVJO的43例患儿,失访2例.11例患儿术前明确诊断;41例患儿先行肾盂成形术+肾造瘘术,其中10例术后复查发现输尿管末端狭窄自行缓解,28例再次接受输尿管膀胱再植术,3例患儿行肾盂成形术+肾造瘘术后复查核素提示分肾功能低于10％,给予患肾切除;38例患儿术复查肾积水程度和肾脏功能均得到显著改善.结论 单侧UPJO合并UVJO的术前诊断非常困难,术中应仔细检查,避免遗漏同时合并存在的病理改变.术前尽量通过超声、DR及MR等影像检查作出明确诊断,进而制定个体化的治疗方案,能够获得满意的治疗效果.如术前明确有UPJO的存在,应选择首先进行肾盂成形术,术后根据检查结果决定是否行输尿管膀胱再植术.