胸骨下段正中较小切口非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的介绍并探讨经胸骨下段正中较小切口非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的外科技术和临床经验.方法经胸骨下段正中较小切口游离左侧乳内动脉,用于冠状动脉前降支旁路移植术.对冠状动脉多支病变患者同时游离大隐静脉,用于冠状动脉其它分支旁路移植术.在非体外循环,心脏跳动下,完成冠状动脉单支或多支病变血管的旁路移植术.观察术后恢复情况.结果全组22例患者采用该手术方法,其中5例为前降支单支病变,17例为多支病变.22例患者前降支旁路移植术均采用左乳内动脉.平均冠状动脉旁路移植支数2.40±1.04(1～4)支/人.冠状动脉旁路移植的靶血管包括前降支、对角支、右冠状动脉或后降支和高位边缘支.全组患者术后恢复顺利,无严重术后并发症和死亡.患者术后平均8.1±1.6天痊愈出院.结论该手术方法创伤较小,安全易行,对有手术适应证的多支病变患者是一种较好的微创冠状动脉旁路移植手术方法.     

胸腔镜辅助微创单支冠状动脉旁路移植术8例

目的 研究胸腔镜辅助下经胸壁小切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用及效果。方法 8例患者在胸腔镜电视系统监测下经第4肋间前外侧小切口采集乳内动脉。并经此小切口直视下切开心包,显露左前降支,进行非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植。结果 第2肋间至第6肋间节段的乳内动脉可顺利游离,时间平均为38min,吻合完成后检测旁路血管流量满意,无围术期心肌梗死及手术死亡。患者均于术后9～12d出院。随访3～23个月所有患者均无心绞痛症状。结论 胸腔镜电视系统监视提供了良好的视野,明显降低了经第4肋间小切口游离第2、6肋间乳内动脉的难度,可以获取足够长度的血管,通过小切口即可完成旁路移植。手术近期效果良好。     

经降主动脉-冠状动脉旁路移植治疗老年人冠心病的临床观察

目的分析经降主动脉-冠状动脉旁路移植术对老年人冠心病的手术疗效。方法对13例多支冠状动脉病变的70～82岁老年冠心病患者在胸腔镜下游离乳内动脉,左侧小切口开胸,非体外循环下实施冠状动脉旁路移植术。术中联合应用降主动脉“Y”形血管桥吻合、小切口、胸腔镜辅助等微创技术。结果全组无死亡。术后机械辅助呼吸平均(6.9±0.9)h。ICU 滞留时间平均(2.5±0.5)d。全组均未输血。术后随访3～14个月,心绞痛症状均消失,活动量增加。结论联合应用降主动脉“Y”形血管桥吻合、小切口、胸腔镜辅助等多种微创技术实施冠状动脉旁路移植,对于多支病变的老年冠心病患者是一项安全、有效的手术方式。     

左胸小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术30例分析

目的:探讨左胸小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术(MIDCAB)的临床效果。方法:2013年10月至2014年10月,采用左胸小切口取左乳内动脉(LIMA)心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术30例。采用全麻、双腔气管插管,平卧位左胸抬高30°,左前外侧第4或第5肋切口,用特制牵开器(德国Fehling公司)牵开肋骨,游离乳内动脉,使用心脏固定器下行冠状动脉吻合。结果:全组患者无围术期死亡。术中出血量40~150m L,平均(85±32)m L。术后24h引流量0~1 325(285±262)m L。术后呼吸机辅助时间4~17h,平均(9.5±5.7)h。二次开胸2例。无切口感染。30例随访0.5~1年,心绞痛症状消失27例,明显减轻3例。结论:胸部小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术主要适用于心脏前壁冠状动脉尤其是前降支的再血管化,安全可靠,中期疗效好。使用特制牵开器行MIDCAB手术安全可行。     

非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术--101例临床经验体会

目的 :探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术方法及手术适应证 ,并评价其初步临床结果。　　方法 :阜外心血管病医院 1996年 5月～ 1999年 12月完成非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术 10 1例 ,包括经正中切口非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)组 76例和经胸壁小切口非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术(MIDCAB)组 2 5例 ,其中 7例在胸腔镜辅助下获取内乳动脉。　　结果 :OPCAB组 76例 ,旁路移植支数平均 2 .5 9支 ,无手术死亡 ,术后并发症包括 :心室颤动并使用主动脉球囊反搏1例 ,出血二次开胸 3例 ,胸部切口感染 2例 ,肺部并发症 2例 ,肾部并发症 1例 ;MIDCAB组 2 5例 ,旁路移植支数平均1.10支 ,无手术死亡 ,围术期心肌梗塞行再次旁路移植手术 1例 ,出血二次开胸 1例 ,胸部切口感染 1例。　　结论 :对于选择的患者 ,非体外循环下 ,不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术是一项安全、有效的术式。     

胸腔镜辅助下微创冠状动脉旁路移植术

胸腔镜辅助下微创冠状动脉旁路移植术是指:使用胸腔镜获得内乳动脉在心脏不停跳的条件下直接行冠状动脉搭桥术。由于该术式创伤小,不需要建立体外循环因此对患者创伤小,恢复快。胸腔镜辅助下微创冠状动脉旁路移植术代表了微创治疗冠心病的发展方向,近来在我国各级医院开展较快。     

胸腔镜辅助微创单支冠状动脉旁路移植术的麻醉处理

目的总结胸腔镜辅助微创单支冠状动脉旁路移植术的麻醉处理。方法8例冠心病患者，术前心功能NYHA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。采用单腔气管内插管静吸复合全麻，术中行有创动脉血压、心电图、脉搏氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳、中心静脉压、尿量、温度（鼻温、直肠温）监测，并间断进行动脉血气、电解质监测。游离乳内动脉过程中采用低潮气量，增加呼吸频率，以避免肺过度膨胀影响手术操作。术中持续泵入硝酸甘油，预防围术期发生心肌缺血及控制血压。结果全组患者术中血流动力学平稳，6例患者术后当13拔除气管插管，1例术后第113拔除，1例因术后肺部感染延迟至术后69h拔管。全部患者均顺利出院，无围术期心梗及死亡。结论胸腔镜辅助微创单支冠状动脉旁路移植术手术，术中合理选择麻醉药物、加强呼吸管理将有助于患者术后早期拔管，减少肺部并发症，缩短监护室的停留时间，利于患者的术后恢复及减少医疗费用。     

冠状动脉严重病变的高龄患者的非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的　总结冠状动脉严重病变的高龄患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)的治疗经验。方法　回顾性分析 5 3例 ,年龄在 75～ 82 (77± 2 )岁 ,冠状动脉严重病变的患者行OPCAB的临床资料。 3支病变 4 4例 ,左主干病变 2 1例 ,前降支近端 90 %～ 10 0 %狭窄 2 5例 ,右冠状动脉近端 90 %～ 10 0 %狭窄 17例 ,急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术 13例。 5 3例OPCAB手术全部成功。平均远端吻合口数目 (3.0± 0 .8)个 ,移植物取乳内动脉 2 9例 ,大隐静脉 5 1例。结果　术后并发症 4例 :其中新发脑卒中 1例 ,2次开胸止血 1例 ,恶性心律失常 1例 ,多脏器功能衰竭 1例 ;主动脉内球囊反搏 7例 ;住院死亡 2例。随访时间 1～ 2 4 (10± 7)个月 ,均无急性心血管事件发生 ,非心脏性死亡 1例。结论　OPCAB对冠状动脉严重病变的高龄患者是安全可行而且有效的血运重建方式     

一站式复合血管重建技术治疗无保护左主干病变

目的 评价一站式复合血管重建技术治疗无保护左主干病变的可行性和安全性.方法 2007年6月至2009年4月共有14例左主干病变患者接受一站式复合血管重建技术再血管化.其中男性13例,女性1例,平均年龄(60.4±15.4)岁,冠状动脉造影显示左主干开口或体部病变5例,远端或分叉病变11例.手术在一站式复合手术室内进行.通过胸骨下段小切口在心脏不停跳状态下行微创冠状动脉旁路移植术(左乳内动脉至前降支旁路移植),同期对左主干病变和(或)其他非前降支病变行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗.结果 14例患者均顺利进行一站式复合手术.即刻冠状动脉造影显示左乳内动脉桥均通畅.共有25处非前降支病变接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,其中23处病变置入支架(药物洗脱支架27枚,金属裸支架2枚),其余2处病变仅行冠状动脉球囊扩张术.围术期及随访期间无死亡、围术期心肌梗死、脑卒中或再次再血管化等发生.平均随访7.9个月(1～15个月),所有患者均存活且无再发心绞痛.5例患者术后1年再次接受冠状动脉造影,证实左乳内动脉桥及支架均通畅.结论 一站式复合血管重建技术治疗经选择的无保护左主干病变尤其是合并高危因素者安全可行.     

机器人辅助下冠状动脉旁路移植术1例

目的 :报告 1例机器人辅助下微创直视冠状动脉旁路移植成功 ,讨论其临床方法及意义。方法 :于左胸壁造 3个小窗孔 ,分别置入胸腔镜、电灼和特制组织钳 ,在自动胸腔镜引导下行IMA游离、切取。医生一边注视显视屏上经过放大的三维图像 ,一边用手进行操纵。无须胸骨劈开游离IMA。在行冠状动脉旁路手术时 ,仅在胸骨旁作一小开胸切口 ,不用心肺机辅助 ,完成IMA与靶血管吻合。结果 :术后病人反应轻微 ,于当日晚拔除气管插管 ,术后 12h服用阿斯匹林。第二天下床活动。随访 6个月 ,近期结果良好。结论 :初步结果显示 ,此种微创心脏手术对治疗单独左前降支阻塞患者结果良好 ,其将成为除PTCA外 ,另一种可选择的手术方法     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in left main stem coronary stenosis: a five-year appraisal

Left main stem coronary stenosis is now uniformly treated with coronary artery bypass grafting. The advent of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has permitted a non-operative improvement in myocardial blood flow in many cases of single- and multi-vessel coronary atherosclerosis. The use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in left main stem coronary stenosis has been sporadic and controversial. Twenty percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties were attempted in 19 patients as the treatment of choice for left main stem coronary stenosis in the past 66 months. The primary success rate was 95% (19/20 patients). The emergency surgery was performed only once (5%), and no death occurred secondary to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty itself. In the follow-up (mean 41 months) period, 12 patients (63%) remained in satisfactory condition with no further need for surgical intervention. Seven patients (37%) ultimately required coronary artery bypass grafting. Although coronary artery bypass grafting will remain the fundamental treatment for left main stem coronary stenosis, this series delineates those anatomic and clinical exceptions wherein percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty may be utilized as the primary therapy for left main stem coronary stenosis.     

Acute occlusion of left internal mammary artery graft during dual-chamber pacemaker implantation.

A patient who had undergone bypass surgery 5 yr earlier, including left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting to the left anterior descending artery, underwent transvenous dual-chamber permanent pacemaker implantation for persistent advanced atrioventricular block. Intraoperative LIMA graft obstruction occurred, resulting in anterior myocardial infarction that was treated successfully by primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stenting. This is the first report of the occurrence of this complication during pacemaker implantation.     

Hybrid coronary revascularization for the treatment of left main coronary stenosis: a feasibility study

Objective : To determine the feasibility of a hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) approach for the treatment of left main (LM) coronary artery stenosis. Background : The recommended therapy for significant LM stenosis is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of unprotected LM lesions is reserved for patients at high risk for complications with CABG. HCR in LM disease has not been studied. Methods : Twenty‐two consecutive patients with LM stenosis >70% underwent staged HCR. Following a robotic or thoracoscopic‐assisted minimally invasive left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to left anterior descending artery (LAD) coronary bypass, PCI of the LM, and non‐LAD targets was performed after angiographic confirmation of LIMA patency. Intravascular ultrasound confirmed optimal stent deployment. Thirty‐day adverse outcomes and long term follow up was obtained. Results : In the 22 patients with LM lesions, 6 were ostial, 5 mid, and 11 distal. LIMA patency was FitzGibbon A in all cases. LM stenting was successful in all patients with drug‐eluting stents (DES) placed in 21 of 22 cases. Three patients underwent stent implantation in the right coronary artery. There were no 30‐day major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events. At a mean of 38.8 ± 22 months postprocedure, 21 patients were alive without reintervention; one death occurred at 454 days. Conclusions : HCR for LM coronary disease is a feasible alternative to CABG and unprotected LM PCI. This approach combines the long‐term durability of a LIMA‐LAD bypass with the less invasive option of PCI in non‐LAD targets with DES. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for anastomotic stenosis after coronary arterial bypass grafting in Kawasaki disease

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for anastomotic stenosis after coronary arterial bypass grafting using the internal thoracic artery in patients with coronary arterial lesions due to Kawasaki disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From July 1997 to April 2000, four boys and one girl underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for 6 anastomotic lesions following coronary arterial bypass grafting using the left or right internal thoracic artery. Progressive severe stenosis of the grafts in the follow-up angiograms after grafting, and evidence of ischemia, were regarded as indications for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Age at coronary angioplasty ranged from 4.2 to 16.7 years, with a median of 6.9 years, while the interval from operation ranged from 0.3 to 3.0 years, with a median of 1.1 years. The diameter of the balloon catheter employed varied from 1.5 to 2.5 mm, and the pressure of inflation ranged from 8 to 16 atmospheres. RESULTS: The degree of stenosis decreased from 63 to 99%, with a median of 88%, to 0 to 40%, with a median of 17% immediately after angioplasty. A follow-up angiogram either 3 months or 1 year later revealed no restenosis in any patient. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is a feasible and useful procedure for treating anastomotic stenosis following coronary arterial bypass grafting using the internal thoracic artery in patients with coronary arterial lesions due to Kawasaki disease.     

Coronary-subclavian steal associated with severe aortic stenosis treated with combined percutaneous stenting and minimally invasive aortic valve replacement

We describe coronary-subclavian steal restricting flow to the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) associated with critical aortic stenosis treated with combined percutaneous transluminal stenting and minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (AVR). An 86-year-old patient had coronary artery bypass graft placement (CABG) seven years prior with the LIMA anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). At the time of CABG, the patient had mild aortic stenosis and normal left ventricular function. By the time of re-presentation with refractory angina and heart failure, the patient had developed critical aortic stenosis. Because repeat CABG with median sternotomy risked damaging the LIMA, pre-operative revascularization was planned to minimize the likelihood of peri-operative ischemia. Stenting of the subclavian artery was performed prior to minimally invasive AVR.     

Hybrid-Verfahren zur Myokardrevaskularisation: Stellenwert der Kombination von minimal-invasiver Bypasstechnik (MIDCAB) mit interventioneller Therapie (PTCA)

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) through an anterolateral minithoracotomy has become a promising therapeutical option especially in multimorbid, elderly and reoperative patients with single vessel disease. However, this procedure precludes complete revascularization in multivessel disease because the minithoracotomy limits the surgical access either to anterior or lateral or posterior vessels of the beating heart. To expand the benefits of the MIDCAB concept to patients with multivessel disease, new interdisciplinary approaches have recently been introduced. METHODS: Since December 1996, 26 patients (21 male, 5 female, mean age 56.6 +/- 18.8 years) underwent a "hybrid" revascularization performed as a primary MIDCAB procedure for grafting of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) followed by staged angioplasty and stenting of additional coronary lesions. RESULTS: After MIDCAB grafting, the postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. Coronary re-angiography after a median of 7 days revealed patent and functioning LIMA grafts in all patients. Applying subsequent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and occasional stenting (n = 8), a total of 31 lesions were treated successfully. Procedure related complications did not occur. All patients remained angina-free and no stress electrocardiographic changes were recorded. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results of a "hybrid" approach to myocardial revascularization suggest that this concept is a safe and effective approach of complete revascularization for selected patients with multivessel involvement. Especially elderly and reoperative patients with significant comorbidity may benefit from hybrid procedures avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass and midsternotomy.     

Results of angioplasty (with or without stent) at the site of a narrowed coronary anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery graft or via the internal mammary artery

During the past 6 years, 50 patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of a narrowed coronary anastomosis of a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft or PTCA of a left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis via LIMA grafts at the investigators' institution. The success rate was high at 88%. Thirty-four of the 44 successfully treated patients (77%) underwent repeat angiography, which showed restenosis in 14 patients (41%). In cases of stent implantation at the coronary LIMA graft anastomosis angioplasty site, the restenosis rate was 80%, but it was only 14% in cases of pure balloon dilation (p = 0.001). Therefore, in cases of coronary LIMA graft anastomosis, stent implantation should be avoided, because it implicates an excessively high restenosis rate.     

Mysterious abdominal pain

A man presented to the emergency room with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain. He had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the right gastroepiploic artery to the posterior descending artery. After numerous gastrointestinal evaluations, a stress test was performed, which was positive. Coronary angiography showed a proximal occlusion of the LAD and right coronary artery and a normal functioning LIMA bypass. Aortography showed a 95% stenosis of the celiac trunk. Angioplasty and stent implantation of the celiac trunk was successfully performed. Six months later the patient was completely asymptomatic with a negative stress test. In conclusion, abdominal pain in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery using the right gastroepiploic artery should raise suspicion not only of a stenosis of the arterial conduit but also of a potential stenosis of the celiac trunk.     

Contraindications for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in treatment of unstable angina pectoris

In recent years, the indications for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty have expanded to include multivessel disease, unstable angina pectoris, stenosis of coronary bypass grafts, and recent total coronary occlusion. To evaluate our experience in using percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to treat unstable angina, we reviewed the records of the patients who underwent this procedure at our hospital between January 1983 and December 1986. Of the 689 patients who underwent balloon angioplasty during the study period, 454 had stable angina and 235 had unstable angina; of the latter group, 34 (14.5%) required emergency coronary artery bypass grafting after balloon angioplasty failed. This outcome was associated with 2 risk factors: previous myocardial infarction and triple-vessel disease. Our data suggest that, in cases of unstable angina pectoris, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty should be reserved for patients with single-vessel disease and no evidence of previous myocardial infarction. They also lend credence to the conclusion that the disease process in unstable angina is different from that in stable angina, and that therapy should be directed towards reducing platelet aggregation and correcting global ischemia, rather than towards balloon angioplasty of "culprit lesions."     

Mid-Term Outcome of Surgical Coronary Ostial Plasty: Our Experience

Abstract The conventional coronary artery bypass procedure that uses venous or arterial conduit for isolated critical stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) restores a less physiological perfusion of the myocardium and uses an appreciable length of bypass material, Coronary ostial plasty has been described as an alternative surgical technique in proximal obstructive coronary artery disease without calcifications. Here we report 23 patients (15 males and 8 females aged 37–78 years; mean age 57 years) who underwent surgical ostial plasty. Ostial reconstruction with fresh pericardial patch was performed in all patients: 15 patients with LMCA stenosis, 6 patients with right coronary (RC) ostial stenosis. and 2 patients with both RC artery and LMCA stenosis. In seven cases, coronary artery bypass grafting was added for contralateral distal stenosis with a total of five arterial conduits and six venous grafts. One patient died; the ostial plasty and grafts were patent at necropsy. Thal-lium-201 myocardial scintigraphy under stress at 30 days to 6 months after operation demonstrated good myocardial perfusion in 21 of 22 patients. Coronary angiography at follow-up (49 ± 8 months) demonstrated good surgical ostial plasty results in 21 of 22 patients and good coronary flow in 19 of 22 patients; angiographic study at mid-term follow-up revealed only one failure of the surgical ostial plasty technique associated with venous graft obstruction. In 2 other patients CABG failure due to venous graft obstruction (1 patient) or distal stenotic lesions of the left coronary artery (1 patient) was noted. The overall successful outcome of the surgical ostial plasty was 22 of 23. We believe that surgical angioplasty of the coronary ostia may be used in the presence of proximal noncalcified obstructive lesions as an alternative technique, which offers a more physiological revascularization; it also spares grafting material and allows subsequent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery. (J Card Surg 7999; 14:294–300)