动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折并发症原因分析及防治

目的探讨动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折并发症的原因,并提出防治措施.方法对178 例采用动力髋螺钉治疗的股骨粗隆间骨折患者中37 例并发症进行总结分析,分析其发生的主要原因.结果 37 例出现了不同的并发症,术后感染2 例,深静脉血栓8 例,滑动螺钉穿出股骨头关节面5 例,髋内外翻或下肢旋转畸形10 例,内固定失效8 例,骨延迟愈合2 例,股骨头缺血性坏死2 例.结论造成并发症的原因是多方面的,主要原因为对骨折类型了解不充分,无菌操作不严,手术操作不规范,骨折复位不佳,术后功能锻炼不当以及过早负重.并提出预防对策：严格无菌操作,掌握手术技巧,规范手术操作,骨折解剖复位,合理处理小粗隆,重视康复训练.     

Inflammatory Pseudotumor Causing Deep Vein Thrombosis After Metal-On-Metal Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty

Metal-on-metal hip resurfacings have recently been associated with a variety of complications resulting from adverse reaction to metal debris. We report a case of extensive soft tissue necrosis associated with a huge pelvic mass causing extensive deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb secondary to mechanical compression of the iliac vein. This is a rare and unusual cause of deep vein thrombosis after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty.     

加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

手术方法治疗股骨粗隆间完全骨折,减少并发症,尽早恢复病人生活能力。方法：用加压滑动鹅头钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折。结果：３８例病人用加压滑动鹅头钉治疗,术后随访、疗效满意。结论：滑动鹅头钉是治疗粗隆间骨折较好方法,但严重的骨质疏松,并发严重内科疾患禁忌,手术中尽量保持内侧骨皮质稳定性。对于合并小粗隆骨折要给予固定。     

Polyaxial Locking and Compression Screws Improve Construct Stiffness of Acetabular Cup Fixation: A Biomechanical Study

Bone ingrowth into uncemented acetabular components requires intimate cup-bone contact and rigid fixation, which can be difficult to achieve in revision hip arthroplasty. This study compares polyaxial compression locking screws with non-locked and cancellous screw constructs for acetabular cup fixation. An acetabular cup modified with screw holes to provide both compression and angular stability was implanted into a bone substitute. Coronal lever out, axial torsion and push-out tests were performed with an Instron testing machine, measuring load versus displacement. Polyaxial locking compression screws significantly improved construct stiffness compared with non-locked or cancellous screws. This increased construct stiffness will likely reduce interfacial micromotion. Further research is required to determine whether this will improve bone ingrowth in vivo and reduce cup failure.     

A Systematic Review of Modern Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacing vs Standard Total Hip Arthroplasty in Active Young Patients

This systematic review compared 2 treatments for hip disease in active young patients: modern metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing and standard total hip arthroplasty. We conducted a literature search to identify relevant randomized and clinical controlled trials and included 968 patients from 4 trials in our analysis. Our results indicated increased rates of revision, femoral neck fractures, and component loosening among patients who received modern metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. No significant differences in the rates of mortality, dislocation, or deep hip joint infection were found between treatment groups. Hip function scores were similar between the 2 groups, but the resurfacing group showed higher activity levels. These results have provided insufficient evidence to determine whether modern metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing offers clinical advantages over standard total hip arthroplasty.     

An Objective Examination for Painful Hip After Total Hip Arthroplasty

An objective method for evaluating the cause of pain in hip arthroplasty was investigated in patients with a radiolucent zone of less than 2 mm at the cement-bone interface or the cement-stem or socket interface. Eight patients with a McKee-Farrar total hip prosthesis followed up for an average of 102 months and 20 patients with a Charnley total hip prosthesis observed for an average of 43 months were studied. Different components of the implant materials, such as cement monomer, BaSO₄, ceramic, acrylic cement, stainless steel and high-density polyethylene, (HDP) were exposed to normal plasma. Contact activation of plasma was found to occur for all materials, except for HDP, yielding plasma kallikrein. The induced prekallikrein activation was markedly reduced in vitro by Trasylol. There was a significant increase in plasma kallikrein activity in the patients with discomfort and/or pain without gross loosening compared with the patients with pain-free hip arthroplasties. Furthermore, statistically significant enhancement of the kallikrein activity was observed in plasma from the femoral vein at the site of operation compared with that from the cubital vein of the same subject. The enhanced plasma kallikrein activity in the patients gradually decreased, as did the clinical symptoms, when Trasylol was administered. It is concluded that measurement of plasma kallikrein activity may produce useful information about the process of total hip arthroplasty and provide an objective evaluation of pain.     

A modified hip screw incorporating injected cement for the fixation of osteoporotic trochanteric fractures

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a modified sliding hip screw for the fixation of trochanteric fractures that provides increased fixation strength in osteoporotic bones and allows for the safe intraoperative application of bone cement. DESIGN: Biomechanical cadaver study. MATERIALS: Unstable trochanteric fractures were simulated by osteotomy in nine pairs of cadaveric femurs and stabilized by a standard sliding hip screw randomly assigned to the left or right femur. The contralateral femur was stabilized with a newly designed hip screw, which was augmented with low-viscosity bone cement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Femoral bone mineral density was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Fixation stability of the hip was assessed after dynamic loading by displacement measurement of the femoral head in a simulated one-leg stance configuration. RESULTS: Modification of the hip screw together with cement augmentation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the initial stability of the fracture fixation technique. The total displacement of the femoral head was reduced by 39 percent on average using cement augmentation in the modified screw compared with the standard sliding hip screw. The largest improvement in initial fixation stability was found for the most osteoporotic bones. CONCLUSIONS: This modified hip screw augmented with bone cement can significantly enhance the initial fixation stability of trochanteric fractures in osteoporotic femurs.     

Gamma钉和DHS/Richard钉治疗股骨近端骨折相比较的Meta分析

目的评价Garoma钉和DyiS (Dynanlic Hip screw)／Rirhard钉治疗股骨近端骨折的疗效和安全性。方法 应用(Cochrance协作网Meta分析方法对关于Garoma钉和DHs／Richard钉治疗股骨近端骨折的随机或半随机对照试验进行Meta分析。结果 我们检索出1969～2003年间发表的88篇关于Ganmla钉和DHs／Richard钉治疗股骨近端骨折相比较的文献，经过筛选和评价，最后收集到已发表的7篇(共1256例患者)随机或半随机对照试验，符合本次Meta分析所纳入的试验标准。4个临床试验共包括62l例患者，提供了关于术后前6个月的死亡率的详细信息。我们发现Gamma钉术后头6个月与DHs／Richard钉相比较的死亡的相对危险度无明显统计学差异(相对危险度1．17，p=0．51)。6个试验包括1083例患者提供了并发症的资料。Garoma钉和DHS／Rithard钉内固定的相对危险度是1．4l(p：0．02)。Gamma钉明显的增加了股骨干骨折的危险(相对危险度6．99：p=0．00)，二次手术率增加(相对危险度1．85；p=0．20)。此外，Gamma钉与DHS／Richard钉相比较，患者的手术时间缩短，手术失血量及术后功能恢复相同。结论 通过此次Meta分析发现，对于治疗股骨近端骨折，Gamma钉与DHS／Richard钉相比较，在死亡率、伤口感染率、手术失血量、术后功能的相对危险度无明显统计学差异，但增加并发症，尤其明显的增加了股骨干骨折的危险，二次手术率有增加趋势。     

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty With Modified Oblique Femoral Shortening Osteotomy in Crowe Type IV Congenital Hip Dislocation

Midterm results of cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with Crowe type IV congenital dislocation of the hip were evaluated. A modified oblique subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy was used in all patients. A cylindrical femoral stem was used in all patients to stabilize the osteotomy. Mean follow-up was 82 months in 20 hips of 16 patients. Mean Merle D'Aubigné pain score increased from 2.52 to 5.65 points, function score improved from 4.0 to 5.3 points, and mobility score improved from 3.95 to 5.35. Mean greater trochanter height relative to the estimated hip center was 6.8 ± 2.0 cm preoperatively and − 1 ± 0.2 cm postoperatively. Complications were dislocations in 3 patients, which were successfully managed without redislocation and fracture of greater trochanter in 3 patients, which healed uneventfully in 2 but with residual Trendelenburg gait in one. Total hip arthroplasty with modified oblique subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy is an effective technique for the treatment for Crowe type IV hip dislocation.     

Pediatric Hip Fusion

The management of young patients with severe hip arthritis is very difficult, as treatment options, such as total hip arthroplasty, which is excellent for relieving pain while preserving function, are often avoided because of a high requirement for subsequent revision surgeries. Hip arthrodesis, although perceived as having inferior functional outcomes in these young individuals, offers a treatment option that relieves pain, maintains function, and allows for conversion to a total hip arthroplasty in future, if desired. This article reviews the indications and technique of hip fusion.     

Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty With Transverse Subtrochanteric Shortening Osteotomy for Crowe Group IV Dislocated Hip

A consecutive series of 19 cemented total hip arthroplasties with transverse subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy was performed for Crowe group IV hip, with a mean follow-up of 38 (6-96) months. The osteotomy sites were covered with onlay grafts of the excised fragments. The conditions of the osteotomy sites were classified into 3 types according to the presence of a remaining gap and cement interposition within it. Three cases had a noticeable gap, and 2 of them showed cement interposition. All osteotomy sites became united involving the onlay grafts, with an average time to union of 4.9 (3-8) months. Our findings suggest that cemented total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric transverse osteotomy provides satisfactory short-term results without major complications for Crowe group IV hip.     

加压滑动鹅头钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的：探讨老年股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗方法。方法：1991年1月－2000年5月加压滑动鹅头钉内固定治疗60岁以上老年股骨粗隆间骨折46例。结果：本组病人术后随访,疗效满意,结果优67％,良26％,差7％。结论：作认为应用此方法治疗,能有效止痛,早期离床,并发症少, 死亡率低,多数老人能恢复生活自理,是目前治疗股骨粗隆间骨折较好的内固定方法。     

The Use of Standard Cemented Femoral Stems in Total Hip Replacement After Failed Internal Fixation of Intertrochanteric Femoral Fractures

BackgroundTotal hip replacement (THR) after failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures is challenging. The aim of this study is to show the reliability of using standard cemented femoral stems in this operation.MethodsThis work included 107 THRs performed in 107 patients after failed treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures. The etiology of failure included 67 cases of failure of fixation, 16 cases of nonunion, 15 cases of avascular necrosis, and 9 cases of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. There were 48 males and 59 females. The mean age was 66 years (range 58-81). Failed dynamic hip screws were removed at the time of THR, and the screw holes were blocked with cement. All cases had cemented standard stem femoral prostheses.ResultsAt an average 7.4 years with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up, 102 cases had good clinical and radiological outcomes and 5 cases had fair outcomes. One patient was infected and required 2 stages of revision arthroplasty. Two cases had intraoperative proximal femoral crack, and were treated by cerclage wires. Two patients had early postoperative dislocations. No patients had late periprosthetic femoral fractures or implant loosening.ConclusionStandard cemented femoral stems are reliable and cost-effective prostheses in such cases. It is not necessary to bypass the distal screw hole by doubling the femoral canal diameter as long as the bone holes are covered by cement.     

髋部手术继发髋关节感染的二期全髋关节置换

 目的 探讨应用抗生素骨水泥间隔体二期全髋关节置换治疗髋部手术继发髋关节感染的疗效。方法 从2005年1月至2010年1月应用二期全髋关节置换连续治疗髋部手术继发髋关节感染患者6例,男2例,女4例;年龄43～68岁,平均(59.7±9.2)岁。股骨颈骨折行加压螺钉固定3例,股骨头坏死骨瓣移植1例,早期股骨头坏死行中心钻孔减压及局部介入治疗各1例。一期手术彻底清创,植入抗生素(万古霉素)骨水泥间隔体,感染控制后二期植入全髋关节假体。术后定期随访,常规复查红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP),摄髋关节正侧位X线片,采用Harris髋关节评分评估髋关节功能。结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间24～81个月,平均46个月。5例患者在一期清创后平均14周(12～18周)行二期全髋关节置换,1例患者在一期清创后7个月行二次清创及重新植入骨水泥间隔体,12周后行二期全髋关节置换。Harris髋关节评分从术前平均(35.6±3.3)分,间隔期平均(57.8±5.4)分,提高至末次随访平均(92.3±5.7)分,差异有统计学意义。1例患者于间隔期出现下肢深静脉血栓形成及左下肺栓塞。随访期间未出现感染复发及新发感染病例。结论 对继发于髋部手术的髋关节感染,应用抗生素骨水泥间隔体行二期全髋关节置换可以获得较满意的近中期疗效。     

Clinical Efficacy of Mechanical Thromboprophylaxis Without Anticoagulant Drugs for Elective Hip Surgery in an Asian Population

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of mechanical thromboprophylaxis after elective hip surgery, we reviewed 3016 patients who underwent hip surgery at 5 centers. Primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), revision THA, and pelvic or femoral osteotomies were performed in 2648, 298, and 70 patients, respectively. Epidural anesthesia, intraoperative calf bandage, early mobilization, and intermittent pneumatic compression postoperatively with additional use of elastic stockings were the basic regimen for thromboprophylaxis. Postoperatively, no cases of fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) were encountered. One symptomatic PE and 4 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis cases were identified, all of which were successfully treated using heparin and warfarin. By 6 months, no deaths had occurred. We conclude that mechanical thromboprophylaxis without anticoagulant drugs is safe and effective for elective hip surgeries in our patient population.     

手术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨手术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果。方法用国产Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ钉、１３０°角钢板（新型氮化钛自动加压梯形钢板）及加压螺钉３种内固定技术治疗不同类型老年股骨转子间骨折８２例。结果稳定型骨折术后优良率１００％,不稳定型骨折术后优良率９２％;３种术式优良率：Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ钉４５／４８,１３０°角钢板１９／２０,加压螺钉３／３。结论老年股骨转子间骨折以手术治疗为宜,手术方式应根据患者情况和骨折稳定程度决定。     

加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1998年6月至2002年12月应用加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折40例。结果所有病例均获随访，时间6～12个月，平均8个月，骨折全部愈合。结论应用加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折，具有结构合理、固定牢靠、骨折愈合快、并发症少、能早期离床活动、关节功能恢复好等优点，是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的理想方法。     

髋部骨折--经皮加压钢板固定与髋螺钉固定的探讨

研究表明，经皮加压钢板固定（PCCP）和髋螺钉固定（HS）在治疗髋部骨折相比较的结果各式各样。研究结果推荐PCCP，因为它需求的平均输血量较低，术后疼痛较轻。PCCP和HS两种治疗方法的置人失败率都很低。然而，置入失败和二次手术在PCCP组可能更为常见。额外的随机对照实验可以被用来检验这些结果。     

Iliopsoas Tendonitis due to the Protrusion of an Acetabular Component Fixation Screw After Total Hip Arthroplasty

Postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty can have a wide range of underlying causes. Iliopsoas tendonitis secondary to the impingement of this tendon is a relatively rare cause of pain after arthroplasty. This condition is characterized by pain on active flexion and an absence of signs or symptoms of loosening or infection. In this report, we describe the case of a patient who had signs and symptoms of iliopsoas tendonitis secondary to the protrusion of an acetabular fixation screw through the ilium after primary total hip arthroplasty. Nonoperative treatment was ineffective, and the patient ultimately underwent surgical removal of the screw. The severity of the patient's symptoms decreased significantly after the operation.     

人工全髋置换治疗成人髋臼发育不良合并骨关节炎

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良的方法。方法 2002年5月至2009年1月,对17例21髋成人髋臼发育不良患者,应用人工全髋关节置换术予以治疗。其中男4例,女13例,年龄40~72岁。双髋4例,单髋13例。髋关节脱位按C row e分期,Ⅰ期4髋,Ⅱ期9髋,Ⅲ期7髋,Ⅳ期1髋。结果本组均获随访,随访时间6个月~6年,平均3.2年。采用H arris髋关节评分法进行评分,平均83.4分。结论人工全髋置换是治疗成人髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎的有效方法,但手术较常规置换复杂,宜严格手术适应证。