CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检对肺周围性病变的诊断价值

目的 评价CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术在肺内病变中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析165例行CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术的肺内周围性病变资料.结果 经手术、病理及临床随访证实恶性肿瘤114例,良性病变51例.穿刺病理恶性108例,准确率为94.7%,假阴性6例,无假阳性;良性病变41例,准确率为80.4%,穿刺总准确率为90.0%.发生并发症11例,发生率为7.0%,其中气胸4例,少量肺出血2例,肋间神经痛1例.结论 CT引导经皮肺细针抽吸活检术是一种微创、准确度较高、并发症较少的有效检查方法,有助于肺部病变的诊断与鉴别诊断,具有较高的临床价值.     

Ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal masses.

Twenty-six cases of ultrasonically guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsies of abdominal masses are reported. Included are masses in the pancreas, retroperitoneum, liver, kidney, and pelvis. Aspiration biopsies accurately diagnosed or excluded malignancy in 21 patients (81%). The procedure, performed under local anesthesia, is rapid, simple and almost painless. No complications occurred; specifically, there was no hemorrhage, peritonitis, or spread of tumor along the needle tract.     

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of mediastinal and peripheral pulmonary masses guided by real-time sonography

The value of fine needle aspiration biopsy guided by real-time ultrasonography was assessed in 45 patients referred with an intrathoracic mass adjacent to the chest wall. The mass, as determined by chest x-ray examination, was visualized sonographically and subsequently biopsied in 42 patients. Puncture specimen was diagnostic in 34 patients (81 percent), including nine of 12 patients (75 percent) with previous failure of biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance. The success rate was similar in pulmonary and mediastinal masses, 18 of 23 and 16 of 19 patients, respectively. A diagnostic biopsy was obtained in 26 of 31 patients with a malignant mass. No complications were observed except for a minimal pneumothorax in one patient. Thus, real-time sonographic guidance is a safe, easy, and reliable method in biopsy of pulmonary and mediastinal masses adjacent to the chest wall and may also succeed in patients where fluoroscopically guided biopsy has failed.     

Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in mediastinal tuberculosis.

SETTING: Diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculosis (TB) is difficult due to non-specific clinical features and lack of characteristic radiographic features. Histopathological confirmation has often required computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or even invasive procedures such as mediastinoscopy or open/surgical biopsy. FNAB under ultrasound (US) guidance can also be performed in this clinical setting. OBJECTIVE: To define the role of percutaneous US guided FNAB in the diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculosis. DESIGN: Twenty-six patients with a proven diagnosis of mediastinal TB formed the study group. Chest radiographs and sputum examination were negative. FNAB was performed via suprasternal (n = 20) and parasternal (n = 6) route under sonographic guidance using 22G spinal needle. Aspirates were considered positive for TB when epithelioid cell granuloma with caseation necrosis and/or the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by acid-fast bacilli (AFB) or culture was demonstrated, indeterminate when epithelioid cell granulomas were seen but without caseation necrosis or AFB, and negative when aspirate contained non-representative material. RESULTS: A total of 30 biopsies were performed in the 26 patients, including repeat biopsy and biopsy of different sites in two patients each. FNAB was positive for TB in 20 of the 26 patients. In four, AFB were demonstrated, and in seven culture was positive for M. tuberculosis; in the remaining six patients, cytologic diagnosis was indeterminate in four and negative in two. No procedure related complications were noted. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound guided FNAB is a safe, effective technique in the diagnosis of mediastinal TB.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围性病变的诊断价值

目的评价CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围占位性病变的诊断价值。方法对39例肺周围性病变的患者行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检。结果39例中恶性病变29例,良性病变9例,1例因取材少,无病理结果。结论CT引导下经皮肺活检对明确肺周围性病变的性质具有较高的临床实用价值。     

虚拟导航技术引导经支气管肺活检对肺外周结节的诊断价值

目的探讨虚拟导航引导经支气管肺活检对外周型肺孤立性小结节的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至12月于成都医学院第一附属医院呼吸内科通过不同方法经支气管肺组织活检的96例外周型肺孤立性小结节患者的临床资料,根据活检方法的不同分为传统活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组,比较3组间的诊断率及虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组和虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组的操作时间。 结果传统活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组的病灶大小分别为(21±7)mm、(22±8)mm、(19±8)mm。3组比较差异无统计学意义(F＝0.48,P＝0.54)。传统活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组的诊断率分别为43.3%(13/30)、66.7%(23/35)和77.4%(24/31),传统活检钳肺活检组明显低于其他2个组(χ²＝7.801,P＝0.020),而虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组与虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²＝1.099,P＝0.295),且虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组与虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组在肺各个叶以及病灶良恶性间诊断率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组与虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组的操作时间分别为(436±201)s和(363±185)s,两组差异有统计学意义(t＝1.56,P＝0.038)。 结论虚拟导航技术引导经支气管肺活检术可以提高外周型肺孤立性小结节的诊断率,并且虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检可以明显减少操作时间。     

Ultrasonically guided percutaneous biopsy of peripheral pulmonary masses.

Ultrasonically guided percutaneous biopsy and aspiration of solid and cystic structures in the abdomen, neck, and pericardial space are common practice. The technique may be utilized for biopsy of peripheral pulmonary masses in contact with the chest wall, in order to assure accurate placement of the needle in the center of the mass, reduce the risk of pneumothorax, and eliminate the exposure to radiation that occurs with fluoroscopic guidance. Four patients had successful biopsies in this manner, without complications. Histologic studies revelaed malignant neoplasms in three and lipoid pneumonia in one.     

Ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy of small peripheral pulmonary nodules.

We compared the diagnostic yields of ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy, sputum cytology, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy in 30 patients with peripheral pulmonary nodules smaller than 3.0 cm in diameter. Among them, there were 4 minute nodules with diameter less than 1.0 cm, 12 between 1.1 to 2.0 cm, and 14 between 2.1 to 3.0 cm. The final diagnoses in these 30 patients, as confirmed by histologic findings, microbiology, and clinical follow-up, revealed 24 malignant lesions and 6 benign. All of these 30 nodules received ultrasound-guided transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and confirmative diagnoses were obtained in 27 (90 percent). Twenty-two (92 percent) of 24 patients with malignant nodules had positive cytology for malignancy and 5 (83 percent) of 6 patients with benign lesions had diagnosis made by cytologic and microbiologic examinations. One patient developed asymptomatic pneumothorax after needle aspiration. The size of the lesions did not affect the diagnostic yield and complication rate. None of the lesions was diagnosed by sputum cytology (0 of 19; 0 percent). Two patients had diagnoses obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy (2 of 10; 20 percent). We conclude that ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy is a useful and safe method for diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules, even when the size of the nodule is less than 3 cm in diameter. The diagnostic yield far exceeds that which can be obtained by sputum cytology and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy.     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值

目的 通过超声内镜结合细针穿刺活检确定胰腺占位病变的性质，并评价该法对胰腺病变的诊断价值。方法 对经CT、MRI、体表腹部超声及内镜超声发现的23例胰腺局限性占位病变进行内镜超声检查，以明确病变大小、形态、位置，并观察有无淋巴结转移。在内镜超声引导下对病变行细针穿刺活检。结果 23例患者中，21例得到了充足的细胞量，15例得到组织块，12例最终确定为胰腺肿瘤的患者，经组织细胞学检查10例为阳性（其中胰腺癌8例；胰腺囊腺瘤癌1例；无功能神经内分泌肿瘤1例），敏感性为83％，特异性为100％。全部结果经手术（16例）及临床随访（7例）证实。无1例出现不良反应。结论 超声内镜结合细针穿刺是诊断胰腺病变安全、有效的方法。     

不同方法经皮穿刺肺活检对肺部肿块的诊断价值

目的比较三种不同方法经皮穿刺肺活检对肺部肿块的诊断价值。方法在X线透视、超声及CT引导下对107例肺部病变患者进行肺活检。结果三种穿刺方法均能获得较高的诊断率,并发症主要是气胸、咯血和血胸,CT引导发生率较高。结论三种穿刺方法均是安全的,临床值得开展。     

线阵式超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检对粘膜下病变的诊断价值

目的 通过内镜超声检查(EUS)结合细针穿刺活检来确定粘膜下病变的起源和性质,并评价这种方法对粘膜下病变诊断的意义。方法 经胃镜发现28例食管胃实质性粘膜下病变的患,对他们进行超声内镜检查,以明确其来源的层次、病变的位置,观察有无淋巴结转移。排除腔外正常组织压迫,在超声内镜导引下对病变行细胞针穿刺活检。结果 28例患中,2例经EUS证实为腔外正常组织压迫,余26例患均行EUS导此下的细针穿刺活组织检查。3例患穿刺取材失败。23例患经细胞学分析显示4例恶性肿瘤(淋巴瘤2例,平滑肌肉瘤2例)及19例良性病变(平滑肌瘤18例,脂肪瘤1例)。全部病例20例经手术、1例经内镜电切及7例经临床随访验证。结论 EUS结合细针穿刺活检是诊断粘膜下病变安全、有效的方法。     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值

[目的]通过超声内镜结合细针穿刺活检(EUS-FNA)确定胰腺占位病变的性质,并评价该法对胰腺病变的诊断价值。[方法]入选经影像学检查示胰腺占位病变患者113例,对占位病变行EUS-FNA检查,评价EUSFNA的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。[结果]113例患者均获得组织学或细胞学标本,穿刺成功率为100.0%。EUS-FNA对于胰腺占位病变诊断的准确性、特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为:89.4%、100.0%、85.8%、100.0%、33.3%。所有患者均未发生严重并发症。[结论]EUS-FNA对诊断胰腺占位性病变安全、有效,具有重要临床意义。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在肺部占位性病变诊断中的诊断价值

目的探讨cT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在肺部占位性病变诊断价值。方法分析62例CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术的临床资料,评价其临床应用价值,对并发症进行分析。结果62例肺占位病变中,穿刺病理诊断56例,准确率达90．3％,并发肺出血19．34％,气胸16．13％。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种微创、安全、准确、简便的获得组织病理的诊断方法,具有重要的临床诊断意义。