肝脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠嘌呤核苷磷酸酶活性的研究

目的:探讨大鼠肝脏低温保存及常温缺血再灌注过程中,不同保存液中嘌呤核苷磷酸酶(PNP)活性的变化.方法:将大鼠肝脏在3种不同保存液中低温保存不同时限后,用37℃Krebs-Henseleit液连续循环灌注90min,分别于不同灌注时间检测灌洗液中PNP活性的变化.结果:经过8 h的低温保存,再灌注90min后,HTK保存的肝脏中PNP明显高于UW和Celsior;经过16 h的低温保存后,再灌注60min前,HTK保存的肝脏中PNP明显高于UW和Celsior;60min后HTK和Celsior保存的肝脏中PNP明显高于UW;经过24 h的低温保存后,再灌注15min后,HTK保存的肝脏中PNP明显高于Celsior,而Celsior又明显高于UW.结论:随着低温保存和再灌注时间的延长,大鼠肝脏中PNP逐渐增高且UW液的保存效果明显优于HTK和Celsior     

SMO保存液对犬肾低温保存期间Na~+-K~+ ATPase的影响

目的:研究SMO保存液对犬肾低温保存期间Na+-K+ATPase的影响。方法:建立犬离体肾脏单纯低温保存模型,对照组用0~4℃HTK保存液和UW保存液对供肾进行灌注和保存,试验组用0~4℃自制SMO保存液对供肾进行灌注和保存,分别于24、48、72h后取皮质标本,进行组织病理学观察及检测Na+-K+ATPase的活性。结果:SMO液组所见组织病理学改变,48h和72h比HTK液组轻,在各时间点与UW液组基本相似。Na+-K+ATPase活性,保存各时点,SMO液组与UW液组无明显差异;保存24h和48h,SMO液组与HTK液组无明显差异;保存72h,SMO液组Na+-K+ATPase活性明显高于HTK液组,存在明显差异。结论:SMO保存液在减轻细胞形态学改变和减缓Na+-K+ATPase活性下降方面显著优于HTK保存液,与UW保存液相当。     

上海多器官保存液保存离体大鼠肝脏的实验研究

目的:观察上海多器官保存液(Shanghai-mutil-organ solution,SMO液)对离体大鼠肝脏的保存效果,探讨应用SMO液保存离体供肝的可行性.方法:SD大鼠随机分为SMO液、UW液和HTK液保存组,建立离体肝脏单纯低温保存模型,保存液保存8、16、24、36 h分析肝脏组织能量代谢情况,观察肝组织形态学改变和肝脏细胞凋亡情况.结果:保存16、24、36 h,SMO液组肝组织三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、磷酸腺苷总量(TAN)及Atkinson能荷(AEC)均明显高于同时点HTK液组 (P＜0.05),与同时点UW液组无显著差异;形态学检查见SMO液组组织损伤较同时点HTK液组轻,除细胞肿胀较同时间点UW液组明显外,其余表现基本一致.保存24、36 h,SMO液组凋亡指数明显低于HTK液组(P＜0.05),而与UW液组无明显差异.结论:SMO液对大鼠离体肝脏的保存效果总体上与UW液相当,优于HTK液,仅在防止细胞水肿方面较UW液稍差.     

三种肝保存液低温保存生物人工肝用C3A细胞的效果比较

目的比较UW液、Celsior液和HTK液4℃常规低温保存生物人工肝用C3A细胞的效果。方法制备好的C3A细胞悬液分以下3组:UW液保存组(UW液组);Celsior液保存组(CS液组);HTK液保存组(HTK液组)。各组细胞于4℃低温保存72 h后,分别测定细胞存活率及死亡率(流式细胞术),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及乳酸释放,尿素合成功能及清蛋白分泌功能。结果 UW液及Celsior液比HTK液显著提高了4℃低温保存72 h的C3A细胞的存活率(78.56%±4.67%vs 76.03%±3.53%,60.54%±3.18%,P<0.05);抑制了C3A细胞低温保存时ALT释放及乳酸的释放(P<0.05);更好地维持C3A细胞尿素合成功能[(0.52±0.11)mmol/L vs(0.51±0.06)mmol/L,(0.32±0.05)mmol/L,P<0.05]和清蛋白分泌功能[(1.79±0.26)g/L vs(1.75±0.21)g/L,(1.20±0.17)g/L,P<0.05]。UW液同Celsior液4℃低温保存C3A细胞的效果无差异。结论同HTK液相比,使用UW液或者Celsior液4℃保存C3A细胞可以明显的提高复温后细胞存活率,降低低温损伤引起的ALT释放和乳酸释放,有效的保护肝细胞尿素合成功能和清蛋白分泌功能。     

肝移植3种器官保存液的比较研究

目的 比较UW液、Celsior液和HTK液时移植供肝灌注保存的效果.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月～2004年3月施行的成人首次肝脏移植且术前诊断为良性肝病者263例,根据所采用的灌注保存液分为lAW液组(161例)、Celsior组(45例)和HTK组(57例),3组患者年龄、性别及原发病分布,术前肝功能指标及分级,肝移植术式及供肝冷,热缺血时间差异均无显著性,比较3组患者术后早期移植肝功能指标、血管及胆道并发症发生率和移植物存活率.结果 3组患者肝移植术后早期血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶差异均无显著性;UW液组术后第7天血清总胆红素(117.4±96.3)μmol/L高于Celsior组[(85.1±77.9)μmol/L,P=0.047]和HTK组[(86.5±82.6)μmol/L,P=0.033];HTK组术后即刻凝血酶原时间(21.9±5.8)s低于UW液组[(24.8±6.2)s,P=0.004]和Celsior组[(26.4±7.0)s,P=0.0011;HTK组凝血酶原时问峰值(24.0±5.2)s低于Celsior组[(27.5±6.1)s,P=0.002].UW液组发生移植肝原发无功能2例(1.2%),但组间差异无显著性(P=0.528).3组患者术后血管并发症、胆道并发症及排斥反应发生率和再次移植率差异均无显著性.移植物1年及3年存活率分别为:UW液组80.7%和73.9%,Celsior组91.1%和82.2%,HTK组94.7%和80.7%,存活时间差异无显著性(P=0.099).结论 UW液、Celsior液和HTK液对移植供肝灌注保存的效果差异无显著性.     

UW液、Celsior液和HTK液低温保存生物人工肝用L-02细胞的效果比较

目的 比较UW液、Celsior液和HTK液4℃常规低温保存生物人工肝用L-02细胞的效果。方法 制备好的L-02细胞悬液分以下3组：UW液保存组（UW液组）;Celsior液保存组（CS液组）;HTK液保存组（HTK液组）。各组细胞于4℃低温保存72h后,分别测定细胞存活率及死亡率（流式细胞术）,ALT及LDH释放,尿素合成功能及白蛋白分泌功能。结果 UW液较Celsior液和HTK液显著提高了4℃常规低温保存保存72h的L-02细胞的存活率[(60.05 ± 4.23)% vs (50.12 ± 3.99)%、(44.20 ±4.67)%],均P<0.05;降低了细胞死亡率[(39.95±4.23)%vs (49.88 ±3.99)%、(55.80%±4.67)%], 均P<0.05;抑制了ALT、LDH释放(均P <0.05);更好地维持了L-02细胞尿素合成功能[ (1.03 ± 0.23)mmol/L vs (0.80± 0.14)mmol/L、(0.48± 0.05)mmol/L]和白蛋白分泌功能[(8.36 ±1.38 )mg/L vs (6.41±1.25)mg/L、(5.19±0.41)mg/L), 均P<0.05。结论 同Celsior液和HTK液相比,使用UW液4℃常规低温保存L-02肝细胞可以明显的提高复温后细胞存活率,降低低温损伤引起的ALT、LDH释放,有效的保护肝细胞尿素合成功能和白蛋白分泌功能,但保存时间不应超过72h。     

体外肝脏灌流复苏无心跳供肝功能的实验研究(英文)

目的探讨利用ECLP系统来复苏经历了较长热缺血时间的无心跳供肝功能的可能性和机制，为临床有效地利用热缺血时间超过安全时限的无心跳供肝提供一种思路和理论依据。方法实验动物为普通健康的天津白猪，体重在20-25kg之间，雌雄不拘。无心跳供肝按热缺血时间和保存方法的不同随机分为3组，再根据不同的阶段进行设计。A组（n=4）无心跳供肝的热缺血时间在安全时限内，用HTK液低温保存10h；B组（n=4）无心跳供肝的热缺血时间为60min，用HTK液在低温保存10h；C组（n=4）无心跳供肝的热缺血时间为60min，用ECLP系统常温灌流10h。经过60min冷缺血期后，连接ECLP系统再灌流。观察再灌流时间和1h、2h、3h、4h四个时间点的胆汁分泌量和门静脉和肝动脉的压力，耗氧率的变化，以及灌流液中ALT、LDH、葡萄糖水平和灌流后的常规病理和超微病理变化。结果B组（HTK液保存组）肝脏在再灌流后短时间内肿胀，没有胆汁分泌，常规病理和超微病理显示正常结构破坏，出现不可逆性的损伤。C组（ECLP系统灌流组）肝脏在再灌流初期胆汁分泌量、门静脉和肝动脉的压力、耗氧率和灌流液中葡萄糖水平和A组（安全时限组）差异有显著性（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），但随着再灌流时间的延长，在4h两组差异没有显著性（P〉0．05）。常规病理和超微病理变化显示肝脏结构完整，较轻度病变。结论热缺血时间为60min的无心跳供肝在HTK液低温保存10h后已基本失去生理活性与功能，利用ECLP系统灌流能够在一定程度上复苏热缺血时间较长的无心跳供肝。     

NF-κB在缺血再灌注肝脏枯否细胞活化中的作用

目的 探讨缺血再灌注肝脏枯否细胞（KCs）的活化机制。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为肝缺血30min再灌注组（HIR－30min组）、肝缺血60min再灌注组（HIR－60min组）及对照组。EMSA、ELISA法检测HIR后KCs NK-κB激活及KCs培养上清液TNF－α含量。结果 肝缺血30min或60min再灌注后0h KCs NF-κB活性均于HIR后3h达到高峰，肝缺血时间越长，KCs NF－κB激活越明显；KCs培养上清TNF－α含量于HIR后0h增高，HIR后6h达到高峰，肝缺血时间越长，KCs培养上清TNF－α含量越高。结论 NF－κB是缺血再灌注肝脏KCs活化的关键因子。     

血清透明质酸在大鼠肝脏低温保存-灌注损伤中的作用

目的 :探讨血清透明质酸 (hyaluronic acid,HA )浓度与肝脏低温保存 -灌注损伤的关系。方法 :在成功建立大鼠原位肝移植模型的基础上 ,将实验动物分为 3组 :(1)对照 (A)组 ;(2 )低温保存 2 h后移植 (B)组 ;(3)低温保存 4h后移植 (C)组。分别在术后 2、4h取血清和肝脏标本检测 HA及部分肝功能指标 ,并进行病理观察。 结果 :移植后血清 HA水平比传统的肝功能指标如乳酸脱氢酶 (L DH)、天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)升高早 ,下降快。在 B组和 C组 ,血清 HA水平明显升高 ,与 A组相比差异显著 (P<0 .0 1)。B组和 C组可见血管内皮细胞损伤、肝窦和肝小叶结构紊乱。C组移植后 4h标本炎细胞浸润明显。结论 :肝脏低温保存导致明显的内皮细胞损伤 ,再灌注后损伤加重。血清 HA水平可反映冷缺血 -再灌注损伤的程度     

家兔急性不完全性脑缺血时血液及脑组织内一氧化碳合酶活性的变化

采用家兔急性不完全性全脑缺血模型(三血管结扎法),观察缺血及缺血再灌注后血液及脑组织内NOS活性的变化.结果发现,缺血后10min,血液内NOS活性开始上升,1h达高峰,4h恢复至正常;脑组织在缺血后NOS活性立即开始增高,1h达高峰,4h后NOS活性显著下降.缺血再灌注组,在复灌30、60min时NOS活性均明显高于单纯缺血组.缺血前静脉注射钙拮抗剂尼莫地平10μg/kg+1μg/(kg     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.