皮肤软组织创伤的早期整形外科处理

目的探索应用整形外科原则和技术,处理急性皮肤软组织创伤的方法和经验.方法对体表皮肤软组织急性创伤进行严格清创,根据创面情况选择适当的整形外科原则和技术进行处理.不伴组织缺损的普通裂伤应用整形外科精细缝合法关闭伤口,伴有组织器官缺损的创面应用组织移植方法进行修复,包括皮片、皮瓣移植等常用的整形外科技术.结果本组共治疗2000例患者,1988例伤口Ⅰ期愈合,随访6个月至1年,无明显瘢痕增生,无功能障碍,不需要Ⅱ期修复,美容效果良好.结论应用整形外科基本原则和技术处理各种急性皮肤软组织创伤,可获得满意的效果,值得临床推广应用.     

局部皮瓣在面部创伤性皮肤软组织缺损急诊修复中的应用

目的 探索依据整形外科原则应用局部皮瓣急诊修复面部创伤性软组织缺损的效果.方法 对32例面部皮肤软组织即时性创伤性缺损,于严格清创后,根据创面缺损情况,按整形外科原则分别设计皮下浅表肌腱膜系统(SMAS)蒂皮瓣、V-Y推进皮瓣、眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣、鼻唇沟皮瓣等修复创面,精细缝合关闭伤口.结果 32例伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访6～18个月,无明显瘢痕增生,无功能障碍,无需Ⅱ期修复,美容效果良好.结论 遵照整形外科基本原则采用局部皮瓣修复面部创伤性皮肤软组织缺损,可获得满意的效果,值得临床推广应用.     

整形外科原则和技术在面部软组织创伤急诊处理中的应用

目的：应用整形外科原则和技术急诊修复面部软组织创伤。方法：在面部软组织创伤急诊清创术中，遵循整形外科原则，用皮肤磨削、无张力缝合、植皮、皮瓣转移等技术进行修复。结果：460例患者中，术后1～2年中随访356例患者，均无瘢痕增生和错位畸形等并发症。结论：面部软组织创伤用整形外科原则和技术修复，能避免患者术后错位畸形，减少瘢痕。     

整形外科原则在早期汶川地震伤员救治中的应用

目的 探索地震早期整形外科医生介入软组织创伤救治的方法. 方法 对软组织创伤分类并仔细清创,应用整形外科原则,对皮肤软组织缺损的创面应用皮片、皮瓣移植等组织移植方法修复;不伴组织缺损的颅颌面部裂伤应用整形外科精细缝合技术封闭伤口.感染严重一次清创难以彻底的选择普通换药或VAC引流,待创面条件改善后应用整形外科技术处理. 结果 本组102例伤员中76例一期愈合;16例感染切开引流或烧伤伤员经过2～3次清创换药后延期愈合;3例四肢植皮区边缘皮片少量坏死,经换药后愈合,所有皮瓣全部成活;7例经换药或VAC引流后二期创面植皮或皮瓣转移全部成活. 结论 整形外科医生早期、及时参与救治地震中软组织创伤可获得满意的功能和形态修复,对于伤员的心理康复也意义重大.     

儿童颜面部软组织急诊创伤早期整复的手术配合及护理

目的:探讨儿童颜面部软组织急诊创伤早期整复的配合及护理.方法:在局麻或全麻下行创面清创后,按整形外科原则早期分别行直接缝合术、局部皮辩修复术、全厚皮片修复术.结果:所有创面均Ⅰ期愈合,术后六月随访.创面疤痕不明显,外观及功能无明显影响.结论:早期应用整形外科原则进行修复,并行预防疤痕治疗和做好护理,对儿童颜面部软组织急诊创伤术后的外观及功能恢复有理想的效果.     

面部软组织外伤急症的整形外科修复

目的 探讨利用整形外科技术对面部软组织外伤急症修复的临床效果.方法 以微创为原则,修整伤口,精细缝合,并根据软组织的缺损情况,采用皮瓣移植进行Ⅰ、Ⅱ期修复.自2005年1月至2008年1月,对786例面部软组织外伤的急症患者进行修复.结果 术后创口无感染、血肿、皮瓣坏死出现.Ⅰ期修复者692例,Ⅱ期修复者94例.随访其中的461患者3～6个月,术区无明显瘢痕增生,面部器官无牵拉变形,效果良好.结论 应用整形外科技术修复面部软组织外伤急症,患者术后恢复较快,畸形发生较少,是修复面部软组织外伤急症的较好方法.     

超12小时面部软组织创伤I期修复临床观察

目的:探讨I期整形修复超12小时面部软组织创伤的方法和经验。方法:选择我院急诊面部软组织创伤超过12h病例17例,采用积极扩创和整形外科技术I期修复,观察治疗效果。结果:伤口均甲级愈合,无明显瘢痕增生,无功能障碍,不需要Ⅱ期修复,美容效果良好。结论:超12h面部软组织创伤,采用积极扩创和整形缝合,可获I期修复和满意的美容效果,值得临床应用和深入研究。     

儿童唇部软组织创伤的整形修复192例

目的：探讨儿童唇部软组织创伤的特点及利用整形外科技术对软组织创伤急症修复的临床效果。方法：对192例儿童唇部软组织创伤进行总结,以微创为原则,修整伤口,精细缝合,并根据软组织损伤的情况,采用适当的修复方法。结果：受伤儿童主要为5岁以下,其中1～3岁为高危人群。男性患儿明显高于女性患儿,比例为2.10：1。192例患儿术后伤口愈合好,表面平整,无明显的瘢痕增生,无需II期修复。结论：应用整形外科技术修复儿童唇部软组织外伤急症,是修复面部软组织外伤急症的较好方法。     

面部软组织创伤的急诊整形修复

目的：探讨如何应用整形外科原则，处理急诊面部创伤患者，争取面部软组织创伤的最佳修复。方法：遵循整形外科原则，严格遵守无菌原则和无创原则，强调清创，伤口修整，精细缝合，仔细包扎等。结果：256例急诊面部创伤患者采用整形修复，均Ⅰ期愈合，面部外观形态佳。结论：在面部创伤的急诊处理中，应用整形外科的原则和技术，可最大限度恢复患者面部外观及功能。     

吻合血管肌(皮)瓣修复小腿严重创伤后软组织缺损

目的 总结与探讨应用吻合血管皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复小腿创伤后严重复杂软组织缺损的疗效与经验. 方法 自2009年10月至2011年12月,对小腿严重创伤后复杂软组织缺损59例患者,在全身情况稳定、局部急性感染已基本控制的情况下,反复彻底扩创,创面用VSD覆盖保护.待创面肉芽新鲜、清洁后应用单一皮瓣、肌皮瓣吻合血管移植修复56例,单一组织瓣不能满足缺损修复需要者3例,选用2块组织瓣组合移植,对受区无合适可供血管吻合者5例,采用桥式交叉血管吻合移植.单块组织瓣面积最大32 cm×13 cm,最小15 cm×8 cm,组合组织瓣皆为2块. 结果 59例组织瓣移植均获成功,受区伤口Ⅰ期愈合57例,Ⅱ期愈合2例,1例供区继发伤口感染,经换药扩创后再次植皮治愈.肢体严重复杂软组织缺损得以修复重建,毁损肢体得以挽救,功能得以保留. 结论 应用显微外科技术采用吻合血管皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复创伤后小腿严重复杂难治性软组织缺损是缩短疗程、挽救肢体、保护与恢复功能最有效的、不可替代的方法.     

面部皮肤挫裂伤伴灰粒嵌入的急诊美容修复

目的:探讨颜面部软组织外伤伴灰尘颗粒嵌入的急诊美容修复技术和方法。方法:根据伤情,分别对62例灰尘颗粒创面进行急诊清创及美容外科修复。结果:本组62例灰尘颗粒创面,除2例因皮肤挫伤严重并缺损行肉芽创面植皮外,余均达到Ⅰ期修复并愈合,外伤性文身不明显。结论:遵循美容整形外科原则修复颜面部灰尘颗粒嵌入创面,可有效地减少伤后颜面部的外伤性文身、瘢痕畸形和医源性毁容。     

整形美容技术在颅脑外伤合并头面部软组织损伤手术中的应用

目的 探讨按整形美容外科技术和原则对颅脑外伤患者头面部软组织损伤进行修复的效果. 方法 对100例颅脑外伤合并头面部软组织损伤的患者在进行相关开颅手术后,按整形美容外科技术和原则修复头面部软组织损伤. 结果 开颅及软组织修复均获成功,效果肯定,瘢痕细小.78例获随访,时间1～3年,63例患者半年后手术瘢痕已不明显,头面部无畸形,外观良好;15例需Ⅱ期整复. 结论 颅脑外伤合并头面部软组织损伤时,开颅术后对头面部软组织损伤按整形美容外科技术和原则修复,可减少瘢痕和畸形,最大限度地减轻对头面部外观的破坏程度.     

Experience with the Distally Based Sural Flap: A Review of 25 Cases

The reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the distal areas of the lower extremity remains a challenge. The distally based sural neurocutaneous flap based on the sural nerve and the superficial sural artery has been used for skin defect reconstruction of the distal third of the leg, the hindfoot, ankle, and heel. We describe our experience and evaluate the reliability of this surgical technique. From 2004-2010, 25 patients with an average age of 32.5 (6 to 70) years were treated using the distally based sural flap for reconstruction of skin defects of the lower third of the leg, the heel, the ankle, and the hindfoot. The skin defect was secondary to trauma in 20 patients (80%) and compromised tendon or bone in all cases. One venous congestion and 2 partial flap necroses were observed. The mean follow-up was 25 (9 to 46) months. The plastic result was assessed as satisfactory in all patients. The donor site morbidity was minimal. The sural flap is a good way to reconstruct soft tissue defects of the lower extremity; this surgical technique provides an alternative to microsurgical reconstruction.     

Weichteildefekte als Komplikation nach Knieendoprothetik

Soft tissue defects after knee arthroplasty are a severe problem, which can even result in a loss of the prosthesis or the limb. Well-planned strategies are necessary for sufficient soft tissue reconstruction, resulting in optimal functional and aesthetic results.This report provides information on the classification of the tissue defects and the appropriate options for surgical reconstruction. Besides the basic therapy principles of immobilisation, débridement, planned lavages and antibiotic therapy, defect-dependent surgical techniques of reconstructive surgery are implemented. These include skin transplantation, local fasciocutaneous flaps, local pedicled muscle flaps and free flaps. For best results, interdisciplinary treatment by orthopaedic surgeons, plastic surgeons, microbiologists and physiotherapists is mandatory.     

Rekonstruktive Chirurgie der Haut im Gesicht

Reconstruction of defects of the facial skin after tumor resection, trauma or malformations is an essential part of reconstructive and plastic esthetic maxillofacial surgery. Thereby appearance and esthetics are inseparably linked to functional aspects. Together with some basic principles this review article presents important functional and esthetic considerations for different anatomical regions of the face (e.g. scalp and forehead, ears, nose, cheeks, lips and eyelids) and describes possibilities for sufficient reconstruction with the help of selected operative methods and techniques. Choosing the suitable method for reconstruction has to be done individually and in addition to localization, extent and depth of the defect also has to consider patient-specific factors (e.g. age, comorbidities and skin configuration). To achieve optimal functional and esthetic results, knowledge and handling of various operative techniques alongside adequate experience in soft tissue surgery of the maxillofacial area are necessary.     

面部软组织损伤的美容修复

目的：探讨面部软组织外伤后美容修复的方法与治疗效果。方法：以整形外科技术为基础,微创为原则,修复创伤伤口。2006年1月～2010年12月,我科急诊入院2170例,其中面部软组织损伤162人,占急诊人数的7.47%。结果：一期修复者138例,二期整形修复者24例。随访86例,手术后术区无明显瘢痕增生,面部各器官无移位、变形,效果良好。结论：应用整形外科技术与微创技术修复面部软组织损伤,有助于减少面部器官移位和继发畸形的发生,达到美容修复的目的。     

Application of VSD technique in adults with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects

To investigate the clinical application of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects in adults. This study retrospectively included 32 adult patients with clearly diagnosed chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with local soft tissue defects, and the trauma was covered by VSD after debridement, osteotomy, and vancomycin-laden bone cement filling of the occupancy, and the trauma was covered by selecting a suitable flap transfer repair according to the site and extent of the soft tissue defect after the trauma condition was suitable, and the secondary trauma was taken from the abdominal full-thickness skin free skin slice graft, according to whether the skin graft area was performed. The skin flap hematoma and infection rate, as well as the skin flap survival rate and implant fixation time were compared and analysed between the two groups. The primary outcome is the implant fixation time, and the secondary outcome is the skin fragment survival rate. In 32 patients, VSD was performed on the bone cement surface to cover the trauma, and 33.2 to 39.8 kPa continuous vacuum sealing drainage was set. The average VSD time duration before soft tissue coverage was 47.87 ± 23.14 days, and the average number of VSD use was 7.18 ± 3.23. The use of VSD before soft tissue coverage did not cause complications such as negative pressure could not be maintained, vacuum sealing drainage was not smooth, skin blistering, trauma. Among the 32 patients, 12 cases of soft tissue coverage were followed by trauma free skin grafting with packing + VSD, and 20 cases were fixed with packing alone, and the duration of continuous packing and fixation of free skin pieces in the VSD group was significantly less than that in the control group (P = .006). The survival rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = .019). VSD in adult patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects can effectively improve the trauma condition, provide the possibility of second-stage soft tissue coverage, and significantly shorten the preparation time for soft tissue coverage. In addition, when soft tissue coverage trauma is performed, VSD combined with skin graft packing technique can significantly improve the survival rate of skin pieces, shorten the time of skin graft fixation.