细胞外Ba~(2 )对双基因内向整流钾通道的阻断作用

目的 :研究 Ba2 对非洲爪蟾卵母细胞表达的双基因内向整流钾通道 (IRK1- T)的阻断作用。方法 :采用双微电极电压钳 (TEV)法。结果 :细胞外 Ba2 浓度分别为 1,3,10和 10 0μmol/ L ,K 浓度为 90 mm ol/ L ,可见 Ba2 的阻断作用对 IRK1- T的瞬间电流 (施加电压后 1m s)具有浓度依赖性、时间依赖性和电压依赖性 ;快速开通道阻断剂 Ba2 对 IRK1- T的通道开关特性几乎无影响作用 ,IRK1- T对之不通透。三级指数拟合表明 :细胞外 Ba2 低浓度(1和 3μm ol/ L )时 ,Ba2 与 K 相互竞争同一结合位点 ,随着 Ba2 浓度的增加 ,时间常数不增加但拟合的权数却浓度依赖性增加 ,所以失活过程随 Ba2 浓度的增加越来越快 ;细胞外 Ba2 高浓度 (10和 10 0μm ol/ L )时 ,时间常数随Ba2 浓度的增加而减少 ,拟合的权数却浓度依赖性减少 ,失活过程也越来越快 ,说明 Ba2 作用位点由通道的表面部位进入通道更深的地方。结论 :Ba2 对 IRK1- T的阻断存在两种不同的机制     

氯通道阻断剂DIDS对心室肌容积敏感性氯通道电流的作用

目的:研究氯通道阻断剂DIDS对容积敏感性氯通道电流的作用。方法:采用全细胞膜片钳方法记录急性分离小鼠心室肌细胞容积敏感性氯通道电流(volumesensitivechloridechannelcurrent,Icl,vol)。将小鼠心室肌细胞暴露于低渗溶液,激活容积敏感性氯通道电流。结果:该电流呈外向整流特征,去极化正电压时呈时间依赖性失活,其反转电位[(-34.5±0.8)mV]接近氯离子平衡电位的理论值(ECl=-38.6mV)。该通道的阴离子选择性为I->Br->Cl-。细胞外应用氯离子通道阻断剂DIDS(500μmolL),在+40mV,+60mV,+80mV,+100mV时能够明显阻断该电流,呈电压依赖性。在+100mV,可阻断电流的91.5%±1.1%(P<0.05)。结论:氯通道阻断剂DIDS能够呈电压依赖性地阻断小鼠心肌细胞容积敏感性氯通道电流。     

Cl-通道在小牛血清引起的血管平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用

为探讨Cl-通道在小牛血清引起的血管平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用 ,采用细胞计数和氚标胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷掺入实验 ,并结合fura 2荧光测定细胞浆Ca2 + 浓度等技术 ,研究了Cl-通道阻断剂对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。结果发现 ,Cl-通道阻断剂 4,4-二异硫氰酸二丙乙烯 2 ,2 -二磺酸 (DIDS ,0 .0 1μmol/L～ 0 .1mmol/L)可抑制 5 %小牛血清引起的血管平滑肌细胞增殖 ,其作用具有时效性和量效性 ,其它Cl-通道阻断剂如茚满羟基丙酸 (IAA 94,0 .1μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)、5 硝基 2 (3 苯丙氨基 )苯甲酸 (NPPB ,0 .1μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)、4 乙酰氨基 4 异硫氰酸 2 ,2 二磺酸 (SITS ,0 .1μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)、二苯丙氨基 2 ,2 二羧酸 (DPC ,0 .1μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)和速尿 (10 μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)等均无此作用 ,且DIDS对电压依赖性钙通道没有直接的影响。结果提示小牛血清可以开放DIDS敏感的Cl-通道 ,且该通道可能在小牛血清引起的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的调控上起着一定的作用。     

细胞外Ba^2＋对双基因内向整流钾通道的阻断作用

目的：研究Ｂａ＾２＋对非洲爪蟾卵母细胞表达的双基因内向整流钾通道（ＩＲＫ１－Ｔ）的阻断作用。方法：采用双微电极电压钳（ＴＥＶ）法。结果：细胞外Ｂａ＾２＋浓度分别为１，３，１０和１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｋ＾＋浓度为９０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，可见Ｂａ＾２＋的阻断作用对ＩＲＫ１－Ｔ的瞬间电流（施加电压后１ｍｓ）具有浓度依赖性、时间信赖３性和电压信赖性；快速开通道阻断剂Ｂａ＾２＋对ＩＲＫ１－Ｔ的通道开关特性几乎无影响作用，ＩＲＫ１－Ｔ对之不能透。三级指数拟合表明：细胞外Ｂａ＾２＋低浓度（１和３　ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）时，Ｂａ＾２＋与Ｋ＾＋相互竞争同一结合位点，随着Ｂａ＾２＋浓度的增加，时间常数不增加但拟合的权数却浓度依赖性增加，所以失活过程随Ｂａ＾２＋浓度的增加越来越快；细胞外Ｂａ＾２＋高浓度（１０和１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）时，时间常数随Ｂａ＾     

硝苯地平阻断豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙流特性的研究

选择性L型钙通道阻断剂硝苯地平 (Nif)为常用的工具药 ,因此必须了解它对L型钙流 (ICa(L) )浓度、状态依赖性阻断 ,使用和非使用依赖性阻断等特性。以豚鼠分离的单个心室肌细胞为对象 ,采用膜片钳全细胞记录技术 ,给予 35℃的各种含药物细胞外液快速灌流 ,记录ICa(L) 。结果 :①保持电位 - 80mV ,使用含铯离子的细胞内、外液 ,在 +10mV的钳制电压 ,Nif抑制ICa(L) 的IC50 为 0 .3μmol·L-1;当保持电位为 - 40mV时 ,IC50 为 0 .0 5 μmol·L-1,显示Nif优先选择与失活态钙通道结合。②使用富含钾离子的细胞内、外液 ,对ICa(L) 的非使用依赖性阻断 ,随Nif使用浓度 (30～ 10 0 μmol·L-1)的增加和药物作用时间的延长而加强 ,同时对ICa(L) 的使用依赖性阻断则减小。③在 10s的静息间隔药物作用时间后的第一个实验刺激 ,Nif 3μmol·L-1或 30 μmol·L-1加速ICa(L) 的失活 ,提示Nif对ICa(L) 可能存在激活态阻断。结论 :在生理条件下 ,Nif对ICa(L) 的阻断呈浓度、状态依赖性 ,对ICa(L) 的非使用依赖性阻断随使用浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而加强 ,对ICa(L) 的使用依赖性阻断则随之减弱。     

细胞外La^3＋对内向整流钾通道（IPK1）的阻断作用

本文采用双微电极电压钳（ＴＥＶ）法研究细胞外Ｌａ＾３＋对非洲爪蟾卵母细胞表达的内向整流钾通道（ＩＲＫ１）的阻断作用。细胞外Ｌａ＾３＋浓度分别为０,０．１,０．３,１．３和１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｋ＾＋浓度为９０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,可见Ｌａ＾３＋对ＩＲＫ１的瞬间电流（施加电压后１．５ｍｓ）具有Ｌａ＾３＋浓度赖性、时间依赖性和电压依赖性阻断作用;阻断剂Ｌａ＾３＋对ＩＲＫ１的门控特性和外向电流几乎无影响作用;细胞外     

钾通道参与牛磺酸对猪冠状动脉的舒张作用的影响

目的 研究牛磺酸舒张猪冠状动脉血管作用及其可能机制.方法 用Powerlab离体血管环实验系统,记录KCl、组胺、5-羟色胺及细胞外Ca2+所引起的离体猪冠状动脉环的收缩,观察牛磺酸预孵对这些收缩的影响,或观察急性加入牛磺酸对持续收缩的舒张作用;观察不同药物对牛磺酸的舒血管作用的影响.结果 牛磺酸(20.0 mmol/L、39.2 mmol/L、76.8 mmol/L)预孵浓度依赖性拮抗组胺(0.1 mmol/L)、5-羟色胺(10 μmol/L)及细胞外Ca2+引起的猪冠状动脉环收缩.牛磺酸(20.0 mmol/L～107.6 mmol/L)对KCl(30 mmol/L)所致的收缩呈现出浓度依赖性地舒张作用.去内皮和NO合成酶抑制剂L-NAME(0.1 mmol/L)对其舒张作用无影响.KCa通道抑制药四乙胺(10 mmol/L)、KATP通道抑制药格列苯脲(10 μmol/L)和KIR通道抑制药氯化钡(1 mmol/L)明显抑制牛磺酸的舒血管作用,而KV通道抑制药4-氨基吡啶(1 mmol/L)无明显影响.结论 在离体猪冠状动脉环,牛磺酸浓度依赖性抑制多种致痉剂引起的收缩;对持续收缩有舒张作用,该舒张作用为非内皮依赖性,可能与激动KCa、KATP和KIR通道有关.     

Kvβ1.3亚基显著影响DPO-1对表达在卵母细胞上的Kvl.5通道的阻断作用

目的:研究Kvβ1.3亚基和Kv1.5共表达时,对表达在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞的Kv1.5通道DPO-1的阻断作用的影响。方法:在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞上异源表达克隆Kv1.5及Kvβ1.3通道基因,用双电极电压钳技术记录全细胞电流,检测药物对Kv1.5通道及Kv1.5+Kvβ1.3共表达通道电流的影响。结果:DPO-1以电压、频率及浓度依赖方式抑制Kv1.5+Kvβ1.3共表达通道的电流。Kvβ1.3亚基存在时,DPO-1的阻断效应明显减弱,DPO-1阻断的IC50由(0.77士0.12)μmol/L显著增加至(47.21士5.18)μmol/L,增加了约60倍(P<0.01)。结论:Kvβ1.3亚基显著抑制DPO-1对表达在卵母细胞上的Kv1.5通道的阻断作用,但不改变其电压、频率及浓度依赖性,可能机制是Kvβ1.3亚基与DPO-1相互竞争Kv1.5孔区内部的某些结合位点。     

Kvβ1.3亚基显著影响DPO-1对表达在卵母细胞上的Kv1.5通道的阻断作用

目的:研究Kvβ1.3亚基和Kv1.5共表达时,对表达在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞的Kv1.5通道DPO-1的阻断作用的影响。方法:在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞上异源表达克隆Kv1.5及Kvβ1.3通道基因,用双电极电压钳技术记录全细胞电流,检测药物对Kv1.5通道及Kv1.5+Kvβ1.3共表达通道电流的影响。结果:DPO-1以电压、频率及浓度依赖方式抑制Kv1.5+Kvβ1.3共表达通道的电流。Kvβ1.3亚基存在时,DPO-1的阻断效应明显减弱,DPO-1阻断的IC50由(0.77士0.12)μmol/L显著增加至(47.21士5.18)μmol/L,增加了约60倍(P0.01)。结论:Kvβ1.3亚基显著抑制DPO-1对表达在卵母细胞上的Kv1.5通道的阻断作用,但不改变其电压、频率及浓度依赖性,可能机制是Kvβ1.3亚基与DPO-1相互竞争Kv1.5孔区内部的某些结合位点。     

咪达唑仑对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张机制研究

目的 观察咪达唑仑对大鼠离体胸主动脉环张力的影响,并探讨其作用机制.方法 采用离体血管张力试验方法.观察咪达唑仑在3×10-6t mol/L、1×10-5 mol/L,3×10-5 mol/L、1×10-4 mol/L浓度时,对去甲肾上腺素(NE,1×10-6 mol/L)、氯化钾(KCI,60mmol/L)诱发大鼠离体胸主动脉环收缩的影响.观察Na+/Ca2+交换体阻断荆KB-R7943(1×10-5 mol/L)、Kv通道阻断剂4-AP(4-AP,1×10-3 mol/L)、KATP通道阻断剂格列苯脲(Gli,1×10-5 mol/L)、KCa通道阻断剂四乙胺(TEA,1×10-2 mol/L)、K1R通道阻断剂氯化钡(BaCl2,1×10-3 mol/L)对咪达唑仑作用的影响.结果 各浓度咪达唑仑对预收缩的大鼠离体胸主动脉环有舒张作用.用KB-R7943、4-AP、TEA及BaCl2预处理的血管环对咪达唑仑的舒张反应与未经处理时比较无统计学意义(P>0.05).Gli可减弱咪达唑仑对血管环的舒张作用(P<0.05).结论 咪这唑仑对大鼠胸主动脉环具有浓度依赖性的舒张作用,其舒张反应与Na+/Ca2+交换体、Kv通道、KCa通道和K1R通道无关,可能与KATP通道有关.     

Calcium exerts a larger regulatory effect on potassium+ channels in small mesenteric artery mycoytes from spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats

Hypertension is associated with a remodeling of arterial smooth muscle K(+) channels with Ca(2+)-gated K(+) channel (BK(Ca)) activity being enhanced and voltage-gated K(+) channel (K(v)) activity depressed. Because both of these channel types are modulated by intracellular Ca(2+), we tested the hypothesis that Ca(2+) had a larger effect on both BK(Ca) and K(v) channels in arterial myocytes from hypertensive animals. Myocytes were enzymatically dispersed from small mesenteric arteries (SMA) of 12-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Using whole cell patch clamp methods, BK(Ca) and K(v) current components were determined as iberiotoxin-sensitive and -insensitive currents, respectively. The effects of Ca(2+) on these K(+) current components were determined from measurements made with 0.2 and 2 mmol/L external Ca(2+). Increasing external Ca(2+) from 0.2 to 2 mmol/L Ca(2+) increased BK(Ca) currents recorded using myocytes from both WKY rats and SHR with a larger effect in SHR. Increasing external Ca(2+) decreased K(v) currents recorded using myocytes from both WKY and SHR also with a larger effect in SHR. In other experiments, currents through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (Ca(v)) measured at 0.2 mmol/L external Ca(2+) were 12 +/- 2% (n = 12) of those recorded at 2 mmol/L Ca(2+) with no differences in percent effect between WKY and SHR. In isolated SMA segments, isometric force development in response to 140 mmol/L KCl at 0.2 mmol/L external Ca(2+) was about 23 +/- 6% (n = 8) of that measured at 2 mmol/L external Ca(2+). These results suggest that an increase in Ca(2+) influx through Ca(v) or in intracellular Ca(2+) secondary to an increase in external Ca(2+) augments BK(Ca) currents and inhibits K(v) currents in SMA myocytes with a larger effect in SHR compared to WKY. This mechanism may contribute to the functional remodeling of K(+) currents of arterial myocytes in hypertensive animals.     

Single K+ channel currents of anomalous rectification in cultured rat myotubes.

The currents through single K+ channels of the anomalous (or inward) rectifier were recorded in tissue cultured rat myotubes by using the "gigohm seal" patch clamp technique developed by Sigworth and Neher. These unitary currents were detected as current fluctuations due to the blocking and unblocking of channels by Ba2+. The single-channel conductance was obtained from the slope of the linear relationship between unitary current amplitude and membrane potential. When the external solution contained 155 mM K+, the single-channel conductance was 10.4 +/- 2.6 pS (+/- SD; n = 6). This value was independent of the the concentration of blocking ions but increased with increasing external K+ concentration. The behavior of the unitary current agreed with that expected from the blocking kinetics of Ba2+ on the macroscopic K+ current of the anomalous rectifier. The density of the channel is likely to be small and may even be less than 1/micrometers 2.     

二十二碳六烯酸及其代谢产物对正常大鼠冠状动脉平滑肌细胞大电导钙激活钾通道的激活作用

目的研究二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）及其代谢产物16,17-环氧二十二碳五烯酸（16,17-EpDPE）对正常大鼠冠状动脉平渭肌细胞大电导钙激活钾通道（BK）单通道的激活作用,探讨DHA扩张冠状动脉、保护心血管的机制。方法酶消化法分离正常大鼠冠状动脉平滑肌细胞,采用膜内向外型单通道膜片钳实验技术记录0,0．01,0．1,0．3,1,3,5,7．5和10mmol／L浓度下DHA及其代谢产物16,17-EpDPE灌流后BK单通道开放概率。结果在电极外液钙离子浓度为1mmol／L和刺激电位60mV条件下,DHA浓度为0,0．01,0．1,0．3和1mmol／L时,BK通道开放概率分别为0．0914±0．0098,0．0907±0．0102,0．0945±0．0091,0．0986±0．0112和0．1104±0．0145（P〉0．05,n=5）;DHA浓度为3,5,7．5和10mmol／L时,BK单通道开放概率分别为0．6712±0．0456,0．7511±0．0798,0．8424±0．1373和0．8669±0．0967（P〈0．05,n=5）,呈浓度依赖性增高。16,17-EpDPE浓度为0,10,50和100nmol／L时,BK单通道开放概率分别为0．1025±0．0114,0．1006±0．0091,0．1128±0．0132和0．1081±0．0143（P〉0．05,n=5）。结论低浓度DHA不能激活BK单通道,高浓度DHA可能通过与BK通道结合并直接激活BK单通道,这可能是DHA扩张冠状动脉的机制之一。     

Current fluctuations and oscillations in smooth muscle cells from hog carotid artery. Role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Electrical activity of enzymatically isolated, smooth muscle cells from hog carotid arteries was recorded under current clamp and voltage clamp. Under the experimental conditions, membrane potential usually was not stable, and spontaneous hyperpolarizing transients of approximately 100-msec duration were recorded. The amplitude of the transients was markedly voltage dependent and ranged from about 20 mV at a membrane potential of 0 mV to undetectable at membrane potentials negative to -60 mV. Under voltage clamp, transient outward currents displayed a similar voltage dependency. These fluctuations reflect a K+ current; they were abolished by 10 mM tetraethylammonium chloride, a K+ channel blocker, and the current fluctuations reversed direction in high extracellular K+ concentration. Modulators of intracellular Ca2+ concentration also affected electrical activity. Lowering intracellular Ca2+ concentration by addition of 10 mM EGTA to the pipette solution or suppressing sarcoplasmic reticulum function by superfusion with caffeine (10 mM), ryanodine (1 microM), or histamine (3-10 microM) blocked the rapid voltage and current spikes. However, caffeine and histamine induced a much slower hump of outward current before blocking the rapid spikes. This slower transient outward current could be elicited only once after external Ca2+ was removed and is consistent with an activation of K+ channels by Ca2+ released from internal stores. In contrast, removal of external Ca2+ alone failed to abolish the rapid spikes. These results suggest that 1) a Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance can markedly affect the electrical behavior of arterial smooth muscle cells and 2) internal Ca2+ stores, probably the sarcoplasmic reticulum, can support rapid and frequent releases of Ca2+. Exposure to a low concentration of histamine (3 microM) caused synchronization of the irregular, rapid fluctuations giving rise to slow, periodic oscillations of Ca2+-activated K+ conductance with a frequency of 0.1-0.3 Hz. These regular oscillations are reminiscent of periodic Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, were inhibited by 10 mM caffeine, and point to a modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release by histamine.     

Sources of calcium in agonist-induced contraction of rat distal colon smooth muscle in vitro

AIM： To study the origin of calcium necessary for agonist-induced contraction of the distal colon in rats.METHODS： The change in intracellular calcium concentration （[Ca^2＋]i） evoked by elevating external Ca^2＋ was detected by fura 2/AM fluorescence. Contractile activity was measured with a force displacement transducer. Tension was continuously monitored and recorded using a Powerlab 4/25T data acquisition system with an ML110 bridge bioelectric physiographic amplifier.RESULTS： Store depletion induced Ca^2＋ influx had an effect on [Ca^2＋]i. In nominally Ca^2＋-free medium, the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca^2＋-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin （1 μmol/L） increased [Ca^2＋]i from 68 to 241 nmol/L, and to 458 （P 〈 0.01） and 1006 nmol/L （P 〈 0.01）, respectively, when 1.5 mmol/L and 3.0 mmol/L extracellular Ca^2＋ was reintroduced. Furthermore, the change in [Ca^2＋]i was observed with verapamil （5 μmol/L）, La3＋ （1 mmol/L） or KCl （40 mmol/L） in the bathing solution. These channels were sensitive to La3＋ （P 〈 0.01）, insensitive to verapamil, and voltage independent. In isolated distal colons we found that in normal Krebs solution, contraction induced by acetylcholine （ACh） was partially inhibited by verapamil, and the inhibitory rate was 41% （P 〈 0.05）. On the other hand, in Ca^2＋-free Krebs solution, ACh induced transient contraction due to Ca^2＋ release from the intracellular stores. The transient contraction lasted until the Ca^2＋ store was depleted. Restoration of extracellular Ca^2＋ in the presence of atropine produced contraction, mainly due to Ca^2＋ influx. Such contraction was not inhibited by verapamil, but was decreased by La3＋ （50 μmol/L） from 0.96 to 0.72 g （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The predominant source of activator Ca^2＋ for the contractile response to agonist is extracellular Ca^2＋, and intracellular Ca^2＋ has little role to play in mediating excitation-contraction coupling by agonists in rat distal colo     

Blockage of the sodium current in isolated single cells from rat ventricle with mexiletine and disopyramide

The blocking effects of local anesthetics, mexiletine and disopyramide on the sodium currents (INa) of enzymatically isolated, single cells from rat ventricle were studied under voltage clamp conditions. A suction pipette technique was used for voltage clamp and internal perfusion. Potassium currents were blocked by replacing K+ with Cs+ in the internal and external solutions; calcium currents were blocked by replacing Ca2+ with Co2+ in the external solution to isolate INa. When the cells were stimulated infrequently (less than 1 Hz), both drugs produced dose-dependent depression of INa, which was correlated with one-to-one binding to sodium channel. A half-blocking concentration (KD) of 2.8 X 10(-5) M was observed for both agents. The shape of the current-voltage curve along the voltage axis remained unchanged in the presence of either drug. Both drugs shifted the inactivation curve of INa to more negative potentials. Mexiletine produced a marked use-dependent blockage of INa, whereas disopyramide did not produce significant use-dependent block under similar experimental conditions. Both drugs prolonged the recovery of INa from inactivation. The results suggested that both drugs interact with the inactivation mechanism of the sodium channels of rat myocardial cells.     

Permeant ion regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel block by Mg(2+)

Block of the channel of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by external Mg(2+) (Mg(o)(2+)) has broad implications for the many physiological and pathological processes that depend on NMDA receptor activation. An essential property of channel block by Mg(o)(2+) is its powerful voltage dependence. A widely cited explanation for the strength of the voltage dependence of block is that the Mg(o)(2+)-binding site is located deep in the channel of NMDA receptors; Mg(o)(2+) then would sense most of the membrane potential field during block. However, recent electrophysiological and mutagenesis studies suggest that the blocking site cannot be deep enough to account for the voltage dependence of Mg(o)(2+) block. Here we describe the basis for this discrepancy: the magnitude and voltage dependence of channel block by Mg(o)(2+) are strongly regulated by external and internal permeant monovalent cations. Our data support a model in which access to the channel by Mg(o)(2+) is prevented when permeant ion-binding sites at the external entrance to the channel are occupied. Mg(o)(2+) can block the channel only when the permeant ion-binding sites are unoccupied and then can either unblock back to the external solution or permeate the channel. Unblock to the external solution is prevented if external permeant ions bind while Mg(2+) blocks the channel, although permeation is still permitted. The model provides an explanation for the strength of the voltage dependence of Mg(o)(2+) block and quantifies the interdependence of permanent and blocking ion binding to NMDA receptors.     

阿托伐他汀对大鼠左室心肌细胞瞬时钠通道电流的作用

目的观察阿托伐他汀对正常和模拟缺血大鼠左室心肌细胞瞬时钠通道电流(INa)的作用。方法Wist-ar大鼠30只,用于分离左室心肌细胞。细胞按异体配对原则分为他汀组(阿托伐他汀5μmol/l+乙醇8.575mmol/L)和对照组(乙醇8.575 mmol/L)。采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录INa:测定正常和模拟缺血状态下,用药前和用药后3～5 min的数据;比较标准化INa峰值、半激活电压(V1/2)、激活曲线斜率(k)和衰减时间常数(τ)。结果正常状态下,他汀组用药后在-40 mV、-35 mV和-30 mV测试电位下的标准化INa峰值分别由0.93±0.14,0.92±0.06和0.88±0.08降低至0.68±0.16,0.68±0.17和0.65±0.18(P均<0.01);用药前后V1/2、k不变;用药后在-30 mV、-25 mV和-20 mV测试电位下的τ值(ms)分别由1.22±0.27,1.12±0.23和1.04±0.21延长至1.34±0.33,1.24±0.31和1.17±0.30(P均<0.05)。他汀组用药后对模拟缺血细胞INa的作用和正常细胞的作用相似。对照组对照液使用后不引起INa上述指标的变化。结论阿托伐他汀对正常和模拟缺血状态的大鼠左室心肌细胞的INa均有钠通道阻滞样作用。     

Role of K(+) channels in frequency regulation of spontaneous action potentials in rat pituitary GH(3) cells

The frequency of spontaneous action potentials (SAP) is important in the regulation of hormone secretion. The decrease in K(+) conductance is known as a primary mechanism for increasing SAP frequency. To investigate the nature of K(+) channels that contribute to the frequency regulation of the SAP in rat clonal pituitary GH(3) cells, the effect of various K(+) channel blockers on the SAP and membrane currents were recorded using the patch-clamp technique. A classical inward rectifying K(+) channel blocker, Cs(+) (5 mM), caused an increase in firing frequency and depolarization in after-hyperpolarization (AHP) voltage. An ETHER-A-GO-GO(ERG) type K(+) channel blocker, E-4031 (5 microM), caused no significant effect on the SAP. Tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM) decreased firing frequency and increased the duration of SAP. These effects were not changed by the presence of high concentration of Ca(2+) buffer (10 mM EGTA or BAPTA) in pipette solutions. In voltage-clamp experiments, Cs(+) and E-4031 did not affect outwardly rectifying K(+) currents, but significantly inhibited inwardly rectifying K(+) currents recorded in isotonic K(+) solution. However, the kinetics of Cs(+)-sensitive current and E-4031-sensitive current were distinctive: the time to peak was more immediate and the decay rate was slower in Cs(+)-sensitive current than in E-4031-sensitive current. These results imply that Cs(+) and E-4031 inhibit the distinct components of inwardly rectifying K(+) currents, and that the contribution of the Cs(+)-sensitive current can be immediate on repolarization and can last more effectively over pacemaking potential range than E-4031-sensitive current.     

Inhibitory effects of berberine on ion channels of rat hepatocytes

AIM: To examine the effects of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid with a long history used as a tonic remedy for liver and heart, on ion channels of isolated rat hepatocytes.METHODS: Tight-seal whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were performed to investigate the effects of berberine on the delayed outward potassium currents (Ik), inward rectifier potassium currents (Ik1) and Ca^2+ release-activated Ca^+ currents (ICRAC) in enzymatically isolated rat hepatocytes.RESULTS: Berbenne 1-300 μmol/L reduced/K in a concentration-dependent manner with EC50 of 38.86=1=5.37 μmol/L and nH of 0.82&#177;0.05 (n = 8). When the bath solution was changed to tetraethylammonium (TEA) 8 retool/L,IK was inhibited.Berberine 30 μmol/L reduced/K at all examined membranepote ntials, especially at potentials positive to +60 mV (n = 8,P&lt;0.05 or P&lt;0.01 vs control). Berberine had mild inhibitory effects on IK1 in rat hepatocytes. Berberine 1-300 μmol/L also inhibited ICRAC in a concentration-dependent fashion. The fitting parameters were EC50 = 47.20&#177;10.86 μmol/L,nH= 0.71&#177;0.09 (n = 8). The peak value of/CRAC in the I-Vrelationship was decreased by berberine 30 μmol/L at potentialnegative to -80 mV (n = 8, P&lt;0.05 vscontrol). But the reverse potential of/CRAC occurred at voltage 0 mV in all cells.CONCLUSION: Berberine has inhibitory effects on potassium and calcium currents in isolated rat hepatocytes, which may be involved in hepatoprotection.