左椎动脉发自主动脉弓变异1例

作者在制作一纵隔标本时,发现主动脉弓有4支分支,分别是头臂干、左颈总动脉、左椎动脉和左锁骨下动脉（图1）.现报道如下.     

双侧椎动脉变异1例

<正>作者在解剖一具成年的男性标本时,发现其两侧的椎动脉起始及行程异常,现报道如下(图1):主动脉弓外径26mm,于凸部自右向左发出头臂干、左颈总动脉、左椎动脉、左锁骨下动脉4大分支,其外径依次为:11.4 mm、7.6mm、5.0mm、6.4mm。左椎动脉长77mm,与左锁骨下动脉起始部紧靠,相互向上移行3.0mm后分开,与椎静脉伴行沿气管食管外侧前斜角肌内侧上行,于3.5mm处发出1肌支,外径1.3mm,营养椎前肌,向上穿第5-1颈椎横突孔经枕骨大孔入颅。     

主动脉弓分支变异1例

据《中国人解剖学数值》一书统计,主动脉弓分支类型变异出现率为3．47％,较为少见。作在解剖一具成人尸体时发现其主动脉弓分支变异,发出5个分支。自右至左为右锁骨下动脉、右颈总动脉、左颈总动脉、左椎动脉、左锁骨下动脉,其中左颈总动脉和和右颈总动脉起始处共干。具体描述如下。     

颈总动脉分叉部在不同体位条件下的变化

在不同体位条件下,观察了33具成人尸体颈总动脉分叉处的高度及颈外动脉和颈内动脉起始段的位置关系与变化规律,以便为临床上暴露颈总动脉分叉处的血管,施行有关血管手术提供参考资料.     

双侧罕见的椎动脉变异1例

在解剖一具成年男性尸体时发现:左椎动脉在左颈总动脉与左锁骨下动脉之间于主动脉弓的上方发出,起始部外径3.5mm,经颈交感神经节前方,在左颈总动脉的后外侧、左颈内静脉的后内侧之间上行,达甲状软骨上缘水平进入第4颈椎横突孔,该动脉全长为9.6cm,入横突孔处的外径为2.2mm。     

椎动脉与胸廓内动脉共干起自主动脉弓变异1例

作者在解剖一具成年女性标本时,发现其左胸廓内动脉与左椎动脉起始变异,现报道如下(图1)。从主动脉弓凸侧缘分别发出头臂干,左颈总动脉,左椎动脉和左锁骨下动脉。左椎动脉起始部外径约为4.0 m m;从左椎动脉前壁距主动脉弓凸侧缘约6.0 m m处发出左胸廓内动脉,其起始部外径约为3.0 m m。在左椎动脉穿入颈椎横突孔前约20.0 m m处,从其右侧壁上发出一交通支斜向右上方连于左颈总动脉的后壁上,交通支全长约12.0 m m,外径为2.0 m m。右侧胸廓内动脉、右侧椎动脉起始均未见异常。据中国人资料统计,此类变异较少见。了解此类变异对临床心血管造影和…     

锁骨下动脉、颈总动脉和椎动脉分叉处血流动力学数值模拟

目的:探讨锁骨下动脉、颈总动脉和椎动脉分叉处的血流动力学特性,分析该处发生血管狭窄引起大脑供血不足的 血流动力学原因。方法:采用内蒙古民族大学附属医院神经内科提供的CT数据,应用医学建模软件MIMICS20.0将患者 二维CT数据进行三维血管重建,经过网格划分及边界条件设置后导入计算流体力学软件FLUENT14.5中。计算和分析 不同血液入口速度的锁骨下动脉、颈总动脉和椎动脉分叉处的血流动力学特性。结果:在血液入口速度不同的情况下,锁 骨下动脉、颈总动脉和椎动脉分叉处的血液流场分布、血液压力分布和血管壁面切应力分布有显著变化。在血液入口速 度增大时,锁骨下动脉分叉处和颈总动脉分叉处的血液流速快、血管壁压力大,颈总动脉内侧血管壁面切应力大,但锁骨 下动脉分叉处和颈总动脉分叉处血管壁面切应力数值和变化幅度小,属于低切应力区。结论:通过血流动力学数值模拟 研究,分析锁骨下动脉、颈总动脉和椎动脉分叉处易发生粥样斑块病变导致大脑供血不足的血流动力学原因。     

睾丸动脉、右肾动脉、左肾上腺下动脉及左椎动脉变异1例

笔者在局部解剖学实验教学中观察到1具国人成年男性尸体血管存在多处变异。变异的血管有双侧睾丸动脉的起点变异、右肾有3支动脉供应、左肾上腺下动脉由左睾丸动脉发出、左椎动脉由主动脉弓发出。为国人体质调查增补资料,报道如下。     

颈升动脉自主动脉弓发出变异1例

作者在解剖一具成年男性尸体标本时,发现主动脉弓凸侧有4个分支,其中一条相对细小的分支为左侧颈升动脉,现报道如下: 在该例标本的主动脉弓凸侧,由右向左分别发出头臂干、左颈总动脉、左颈升动脉和左锁骨下动脉.     

双侧椎动脉走行异常及左椎动脉压迫星状神经节1例

笔者在解剖1具男尸过程中,发现其两侧椎动脉起始处走行均异常,且与交感神经节关系密切。现为积累解剖学资料,报道如下。10%甲醛固定的男尸1具,年龄约60岁,身高约162 cm,解剖出颈部各层次,充分暴露及修洁颈部的血管、神经,观察拍照,并测量血管外径及长度。本例标本左、右两侧椎动脉均起自锁骨下动脉,呈“S”形上行。左侧椎动脉自发出处即开始向内前方弯曲,然后向外前方上行,最后向内走行进入第六颈椎横突孔;右侧椎动脉先竖直上行1.04 cm后由内弯向外,再向内前方旋转,之后向内上走行进入第六颈椎横突孔(见图1①-④)。     

主动脉弓后左头臂静脉1例

作者教学中于1例中年男性尸体标本上见其左头臂静脉行程变异,报道如下.     

Unusual aortic arch variation: distal origin of common carotid arteries

As part of a larger study, the aortic arch and its branches were removed en bloc at autopsy from men of Japanese ancestry born in Hawaii. Of the 193 arterial trees examined, 182 (94.3%) had a typical branching pattern (e.g., brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries, in that order). Two specimens had only two branches arising from the aortic arch, a common trunk uniting the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries and a left subclavian artery. Nine individuals (4.6%) had four branches off the aortic arch; in eight of these cases (4.1%), the left vertebral artery originated directly off the aortic arch just proximal to, or as a common trunk with, the left subclavian artery. A unique aortic arch branching pattern was found in one of these men. The four arteries arising from the arch of the aorta were, in sequence: right subclavian, left subclavian, right common carotid, and left common carotid. The literature on aortic arch variations is reviewed and the possible embryonic development of these branching patterns and their clinical significance is discussed briefly.     

左颈总动脉与头臂干共干起始1例

主动脉弓分支两支型少见，在解剖一成年男性尸体时发现其主动脉弓只发出了两大分支．一支是左锁骨下动脉，另一支是左颈总动脉与头臂干的共干现报道如下     

Truncus bicaroticus with aberrant right subclavian artery and origin of right vertebral from right common carotid artery

We describe a rare constellation of variant anatomy of the aortic arch branches, seen on a magnetic resonance angiographic examination during the course of investigation for recent onset memory loss in a 52-year-old patient. There was a common origin of both the common carotid arteries (CCA), the common trunk being the first major branch of the aortic arch, the right vertebral artery arising from the right CCA and the right subclavian artery arising as the last branch of the arch. In isolation, the three components of this constellation have been reported with different frequencies, but as per the authors’ knowledge, this entire constellation has been rarely reported. We review the literature and propose an embryological mechanism for this variant anatomy.     

High bifurcation of common carotid artery, anomalous origin of ascending pharyngeal artery and anomalous branching pattern of external carotid artery

We present a rare case of combined high bifurcation of the common carotid artery, anomalous origin of the ascending pharyngeal artery and unusual branching pattern of the external carotid artery. The right common carotid artery bifurcated at the level between the second and the third cervical vertebrae, giving rise to the ascending pharyngeal artery just below the bifurcation. The right external carotid artery branched directly at its origin into the superior thyroid, lingual and occipital arteries and the distal part of the external carotid artery. The latter gave rise to the right facial artery and finally bifurcated into the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. The right posterior auricular artery arose from the right occipital artery. The finding was unilateral and other vascular anomalies were not observed. The embryogenesis of such a combination of anomalies is not clear, but the anatomic consequences may have important clinical implications.     

颈外动脉缺如1例

颈部血管解剖变异中,颈总动脉、颈内动脉、颈外动脉发出位置的变异及分支血管发出位置、分支多少的变异较多,可是颈外动脉缺如未见报道.近日在为一位脑血管病患者治疗时,发现其左侧颈总动脉远端未分成颈内动脉、颈外动脉两大分支,颈外动脉的分支直接由颈总动脉分出,颈总动脉的远端入颅分出颅内血管分支.