美国管理化医疗对我国社区双向转诊制度的启示

介绍了美国的管理化医疗保健制度，分析了目前我国社区卫生服务双向转诊运行中的障碍与困难。并对美国的管理化医疗在我国社区医疗服务中的应用作了探讨。     

双向转诊制度与社区卫生服务浅析

我国医疗资源配置长期的不合理,导致了一系列的问题。通过对社区医疗服务以及现有的双向转诊制度取得的成绩和存在的问题进行分析、探讨,提出了相关的对策和建议,真正做到改善我国医疗资源的配置,解决“看病难,看病贵”的问题。     

社区医疗机构与医院双向转诊的实现

发展社区医疗是国家调整医疗政策,解决群众看病难、看病贵问题的一个重要举措。要
真正发挥社区医疗的作用,必须解决好社区医疗机构与医院双向转诊的问题。由于多方面原因,目
前社区医疗机构与医院之间双向转诊通道并不通畅。本文分析了目前社区医疗机构与医院开展双
向转诊过程中存在的问题,并对如何解决这些问题,促进双向转诊制度的顺利开展提出意见和建议。     

加强医疗资源整合完善双向转诊制度

为使"小病在社区,大病进医院,康复回社区"的居民就医模式成为现实,针对目前地市级医院双向转诊的局限与不足,宁波市西门街道卫生服务中心及第二医院通过统一标准、医师双向交流、加强健康管理、健康教育等促进医疗资源整合,对完善双向转诊制度进行了有益的探索.     

社区慢性管理过程中双向转诊的促进措施

目的:探索促进双向转诊的措施,完善社区慢性病的管理.方法:借助区域化卫生信息平台,由医院和社区医生组建慢性病管理团队,形成以院前、院中、院后医疗服务为中心环节的双向转诊.结果:初步在扬州市文峰社区卫生服务中心实施双向转诊.结论:双向转诊能促进区域卫生资源合理应用,健全社区慢性病管理机制.     

建立健全双向转诊制度之探讨

为了满足人民群众日益增长的医疗需求，有必要建立健全双向转诊制度。本文分析了我国建立健全双向转诊制度的背景和存在的困难，并提出了对策和建议，以期有助于尽快完善双向转诊制度。     

大型医院与社区卫生服务机构双向转诊制度的建立和实施

实施双向转诊制度对于优化卫生资源配置,降低医疗费用,解决群众"看病贵、看病难"问题具有深远的意义。通过分析常州市第二人民医院与天宁青龙社区卫生服务中心双向转诊制度的建立和实施情况,进一步分析双向转诊制度的实施现状及存在的问题,探讨建立规范的双向转诊制度,从而为健全基层医疗卫生服务体系提供参考。     

城市双向转诊制度探究

该文通过对城市双向转诊制度的研究,分析了我国城市双向转诊制度问题,并针对这些问题提出了建议和措施,希望能有助于双向转诊制度的实施和发展。     

国外社区双向转诊模式及其对我国的借鉴

由于医疗机构间缺乏行之有效的双向转诊制度,导致我国城市综合性医院承担了大量常见病、多发病的诊疗任务,而基层医院和社区医疗服务机构却需求萎靡,就诊量过少,严重浪费卫生资源。英国、美国、澳大利亚和巴西等国家转诊制度对我国社区医疗服务体系的建立和医疗机构问如何有效地进行双向转诊有着很强的借鉴意义。特别是其完善的全科医生制度和社区医疗服务体系是我国在大力发展社区医疗服务和建立顺畅的双向转诊制度中可以借鉴的有效模式。     

社区居民对“双向转诊”认知及满意度调查

目的:了解社区居民对双向转诊认知及满意度的情况,为建立合理的双向转诊制度以及促进双向转诊的开展提供科学依据.方法:通过抽样调查方法对浙江省杭州和宁波市社区居民及社区卫生服务机构的患者进行问卷调查.结果:只有37.1%居民清楚双向转诊制度,22.1%居民选择到社区卫生服务中心(站)就诊,愿意回社区康复治疗的病人占70.5%,居民对双向转诊制度满意度不高.结论:居民对双向转诊制度认知度不高,双向转诊运行不畅通,要完善双向转诊制度还需要政府建立完善的制度,完善运行机制.     

公立医院与社区卫生服务机构双向转诊机制的探讨

目的探讨公立医院与社区卫生服务机构双向转诊机制,对中国目前的转诊机制提出对策和展望。方法对双向转诊的发展、现状进行了分析,总结了当前中国双向转诊所面临的困难、不足,结合德国、美国、英国在转诊方面的理论与实践方面的先进经验,通过查阅文献、实际调查、个别访谈等方法进行。结果公立医院与社区卫生服务机构双向转诊机制尚未有效建立,需要尽快形成共识,落实实施。结论公立医院与社区卫生服务机构转诊中出现的执行困难问题不是独立的卫生事件,而是一个综合性的社会问题。     

对社区卫生服务“双向转诊”对策的思考

社区卫生服务机构在我国迅速发展，卫生部门在尝试实行“双向转诊”中出现了社区卫生服务机构只有转出而很少有转入的现象。要实现“双向转诊”，特别是大医院中进入康复期的病人向社区转诊是促进社区卫生服务迅速而良性发展的关键。本文就如何实现真正意义的“双向转诊”提出了针对性的对策。     

Identifying occupational therapists' referral priorities in community health

Occupational therapists in British community mental health teams have been debating how the most effective services can be targeted at the most needy clients. This paper presents the results of a quantitative study that examined 40 British occupational therapists' referral prioritization policies. Results showed half of the participants felt their generic responsibilities, which involved having care co-ordination responsibilities, were too large. Only 25% of participants co-ordinated care for clients whose needs were related to occupational dysfunction. Judgement analysis, that involved regressing the 40 individuals' prioritization decisions onto the 90 respective referral scenarios, was used to statistically model how referral information had been weighted. Group agreement of prioritization was moderate with the reason for referral, history of violence and diagnosis being given the most weighting. Consistency in policy application, as measured by examining prioritization decisions on identical referrals, showed wide variability. Further research is required to identify the optimal and most stable policies within this group.     

城市社区卫生服务发展机制的构建与运行——基于双向转诊制的功能实现

目前我国医疗资源分配存在一个重大的问题,即不同层级的医疗机构功能角色“错位”,缺乏合理分工,造成各地大医院“门庭若市”,社区医院“门可罗雀”的现象.要实现初级医疗服务和二级医疗服务的合理分工,发挥社区卫生服务的功能,核心在于建立和执行社区首诊制和双向转诊制,从机构、人才、投资、沟通、政策、转诊等角度构建社区卫生服务发展机制,从而实现合理利用医疗资源.     

Understanding referral from primary care clinics in rural Kenya: using health information systems to prioritize health services

This study analyses the referral patterns of patients, over time, from primary care to secondary or tertiary level facilities in rural Africa. The data come from a health information system of a non-governmental organization with a decade of experience in health services delivery in Samburu District, Kenya. The differential referral patterns from two communities are examined in some detail to shed more light on the meaning of a 'referral rate' in this context. First, referral rates over time for two clinics are calculated and compared. These quantitative data, obtained from monthly reports from 1989 to 1997, are interpreted in the light of qualitative data obtained from interviews with community health workers, nurses and members of the communities. The main differences in referral between these ostensibly similar communities are for malaria, trauma and anaemia. Social, environmental and specific health services factors are used to explain these differences. We demonstrate that basic information from health information systems, which tell us little on their own because referral in this context is a rare event, can be combined with local knowledge from the community to provide evidence for health managers to set priorities for public health and clinical interventions.     

数据仓库技术在社区卫生信息管理中的应用

随着社区卫生服务的不断发展，社区卫生信息日益复杂、管理越显重要。本文介绍了建立数据仓库的步骤，并以广州市某区社区卫生信息系统管理为例，构建了数据仓库雪花模型，为下一步开展数据挖掘等工作做准备。     

Improving quality through effective implementation of information technology in healthcare.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an implementation of one information technology system (electronic medical record, EMR) in one hospital, the perceived impact, the factors thought to help and hinder implementation and the success of the system and compare this with theories of effective IT implementation. To draw on previous research, empirical data from this study is used to develop IT implementation theory. DESIGN: Qualitative case study, replicating the methods and questions of a previously published USA EMR implementation study using semi-structured interviews and documentation. SETTING: Large Swedish teaching hospital shortly after a merger of two hospital sites. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty senior clinicians, managers, project team members, doctors and nurses. RESULTS: The Swedish implementation was achieved within a year and for under half the budget, with a generally popular EMR which was thought to save time and improve the quality of patient care. Evidence from this study and findings from the more problematic USA implementation case suggests that key factors for cost effective implementation and operation were features of the system itself, the implementation process and the conditions under which the implementation was carried out. CONCLUSION: There is empirical support for the IT implementation theory developed in this study, which provides a sound basis for future research and successful implementation. Successful implementation of an EMR is likely with an intuitive system, requiring little training, already well developed for clinical work but allowing flexibility for development, where clinicians are involved in selection and in modification for their department needs and where a realistic timetable is made using an assessment of the change-capability of the organization. Once a system decision is made, the implementation should be driven by top and departmental leaders assisted by competent project teams involving information technology specialists and users. Corrections for unforeseen eventualities will be needed, especially with less developed systems, requiring regular reviews of progress and modifications to systems and timetables to respond to user needs.     

深圳市院办院管模式下双向转诊问题分析与对策建议

通过社康中心工作人员问卷调查和关键知情人访谈,了解目前深圳市院办院管模式下双向转诊现状和影响双向转诊的因素,对双向转诊存在的问题进行了分析,针对性提出相关对策建议,为政府有关部门的决策提供参考。     

深圳市宝安区双向转诊试点工作实践与体会

深圳市宝安区卫生局作为深圳市社区健康服务与全科医学研究重点单位,T2008年7月在观澜人民医院正式启动了双向转诊试点工作。经过半年的试运行,取得了突破性进展,基本实现了“两头落实,中间通畅”的总体目标。文章通过对宝安区双向转诊试点工作实践的总结,为在全市、全省,乃至全国更好地促进双向转诊工作的开展提供参考与借鉴。     

Collaboration and referral practices of general practitioners and community mental health workers in rural and remote Australia

OBJECTIVE: To assess an important part of Australia's National Mental Health Strategy by examining the collaboration and referral practices between general practitioners and community mental health workers in rural and remote areas. DESIGN: Semistructured interviews. SETTING: Rural and remote health service region in Australia. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 31 general practitioners and 14 mental health workers. RESULTS: Meaningful collaboration and referral practices between general practitioners and mental health workers are prevented by contradictory and ambiguous definitions involving professional roles and mental health. A pattern of negative collaboration was further magnified by the rural and remote context. CONCLUSION: The implementation of Australia's National Mental Health Strategy faces serious problems in rural and remote area due to the negative collaboration and referral practices between general practitioners and mental health workers.