温州地区托养儿童行为问题调查

目的：了解温州市6-16岁托养儿童行为问题发生情况。方法：根据分层整群抽样的原则,对温州地区8340名6-16岁学生采用自制问卷和Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）进行调查。结果：温州市6-16岁的儿童行为问题检出率为14.4%（1202/8340）略高于中国常模13.0%,但无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。2520名为托养儿童,占30.2%（2520/8340）,6-11岁托养儿童840位,行为问题检出率18.6%（156/840）高于非托养普通儿童检出率13.4%（396/2960,χ2=14.2,P〈0.05）;12-16岁托养儿童1680位,行为问题检出率19.2%（322/1680）高于非托养普通儿童检出率11.5%（328/2860,χ2=51.1,P〈0.05）。托养儿童行为问题的危险因素有出生时患病、学前所处环境（单亲）、性别（男）、托养家庭结构（矛盾）、托养方式（全天）、托养人受教育程度（小学）及教育方式（专制、放任）（OR=1.287～2.582）,保护因素有托养人数（3人以上）、居住地（城镇）,（0R=0.412～0.499）。结论：6-16岁托养儿童行为问题检出率较高,心理健康状况应引起关注。     

Self- or parent report of (co-occurring) internalizing and externalizing problems,and basal or reactivity measures of HPA-axis functioning: A systematic evaluation of the internalizing-hyperresponsivity versus externalizing-hyporesponsivity HPA-axis hypothesis

Background

Previous research findings on the link between adolescents’ psychopathology and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity have been heterogeneous.

Method

Adolescents (n = 211) with a preadolescent DSM-IV diagnosis participated in a lab-based social stress task. Saliva cortisol was assessed at awakening and during social stress. It was investigated if continuous measures of internalizing and externalizing problems and their interaction, using both self- and parent report, were associated with basal or reactivity measures of HPA-axis functioning

Results

During social stress, an enhanced total release of cortisol was associated with self-reported internalizing problems and a blunted total release of cortisol with self-reported externalizing problems. Post hoc analyses revealed that the association between enhanced cortisol output and internalizing problems held for boys but not for girls. Associations with morning cortisol measures were overall weak

Conclusions

Only in the context of stress, and particularly when based on self-report, blunted cortisol output was associated with externalizing and enhanced cortisol output with internalizing problems. Our broad approach demonstrates the importance of who reports on psychopathology, the use of dimensional measures of psychopathology, simultaneous analysis of internalizing and externalizing problems, and the use of awakening and social stress related measures of cortisol.