Analysis of failure following transoral laser surgery for early glottic cancer

This study aimed at clarifying further the clinical behavior of early glottic cancer following transoral laser surgery and to determine, using retrospective analysis, whether the site of tumor involvement along the vocal fold has prognostic significance. The study included all patients treated with transoral laser surgery, for early glottic cancer (T1/T2N0M0) between May 1998 and January 2012 in a university affiliated tertiary care medical center. Data on demographics, site and extent of disease, treatment and outcome were collected and analyzed. Patients with insufficient data and/or follow-up of <2 years were excluded from the study. One-hundred and twenty-one patients were eligible for the study. Mean follow up time was 6.7 years (range 2–12 years). Overall recurrence rate following primary transoral laser surgery was 16.5 %. Histological grade was associated with higher recurrence rate (p = 0.008). Anterior commissure involvement was associated with reduced disease-free survival and tumors extending to the middle third of the true vocal fold were associated with lower recurrence rate. As per the results, anterior extension of glottic tumors is associated with higher recurrence rate compared to middle vocal fold extension, presumably due to earlier detection, better visualization and different biological behavior pattern of middle vocal fold tumors. Patients with higher grade tumors should be closely monitored for disease recurrence.     

Transoral laser surgery for early glottic carcinoma

This prospective study evaluates the oncological results of transoral laser surgery (TLS) for glottic carcinoma categorized Tis, T1 and T2 in a large, unselected group of 285 consecutive patients from a university-based referral center that uses transoral laser surgery as the standard approach to these tumors. Patients were treated between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 1996. Thirty-three patients had Tis disease, 174 T1 tumors and 113 T2. Main outcome measures were local control with initial therapy, ultimate local control, regional control, organ preservation, overall survival and cause-specific survival. The 5-year uncorrected actuarial survival for all 285 patients was 71.1%, and cause-specific actuarial survival was 98.7%. Local control with initial treatment was 85.9%, ultimate local control with salvage for local treatment failures 98.5%, and regional control 98.4%. In all, 94.3% had their larynges preserved after 5 years. Although favorable oncological results for early laryngeal carcinoma treated with laser surgery are supported this study, no definitive recommendations can be given for the best single treatment. Partial laryngectomies lead to the highest local control rates reported so far, radiotherapy is believed to preserve voice best and laser surgery is associated with time- and cost-effectiveness, low morbidity, fair local control rates and excellent re-treatment options in case of local failure. All specialists dealing with the treatment of early glottic carcinoma should be able to offer these different treatment modalities to their patients and to deal specifically with each patient’s individual needs and preferences. Received: 29 October 1998 / Accepted: 2 July 1999     

Treatment of early glottic carcinoma with transoral laser CO2

OBJECTIVE: We present our outcome in the treatment of 125 patients with malignant glottic lesions between 1992 and 2003 in a retrospective study. PATIENT AND METHODS: We analyze 125 cases of patients, with previously untreated carcinoma of the larynx with histological diagnosis, treated with Transoral Laser Microresection. We will pay special attention to those tumors involving the Anterior Commissure. We will also analyze several parameters related to the post and intraoperatory histopathological report, in order to decide adjuvant therapies. We will also analyze the technique indications, complications, hospital length of stay, oncologic and functional outcomes, survival and follow up of recurrences. OUTCOMES AND CONCLUSION: Transoral laser microresection is an effective and functional preserving procedure, and nowadays the base of the treatment of early glottic carcinoma. Anterior Commissure involvement is a prognostic factor. Sometimes complementary therapies are needed based on by the histopathological report.     

早期声门型喉癌CO2激光手术治疗

目的　总结探讨在支撑显微喉镜下通过CO2激光微创手术治疗早期声门型喉癌的疗效。方法　对2007年1月～2012年12月于福建省立医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科接受CO2激光手术治疗的91例早期声门型喉癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果　全部患者CO2激光手术后随访25～96个月,2例患者失访（视为死亡）,1例患者于术后81个月死于肺癌,喉功能保留率为96.70%（88/91）;10例患者出现局部复发,复发率为11.00%（10/91）,T1a复发率为12.12%（4/33）,T1b复发率为9.10%（3/33）,T2复发率为20.00%（3/15）,组间差异无统计学意义（χ 2=2.645,P >0.05）。前连合受累患者的复发率为28.57%（6/21）,前连合未受累的患者复发率为5.71%（4/70）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ 2=8.628,P＜0.05）。5年整体生存率为93.20%,局部区域（喉+颈部淋巴结）5年控制率（无肿瘤复发和转移的比率）86.70%。结论　支撑喉镜下CO2激光治疗早期声门型喉癌的疗效可靠,创伤小,喉功能保全好,恢复快,并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

激光治疗与放射治疗在早期声门癌治疗中对比的Meta分析

目的:通过本研究为临床早期声门癌治疗方法的选择提供依据。方法:通过电子检索数据库Med-line(1990-2010)、Embase(1990-2010)、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(1990-2010)、中文学术期刊全文数据库(1994-2010)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(1989-2010),中文生物医学期刊数据库(1994-2010)及万方数据库。用RevMan5.0计算OR值。结果:在并发症方面,由于纳入文献存在显著异质性,若使用Meta分析研究,可能会产生错误的结果,故放弃使用Meta分析。在复发和5年局部控制率方面,存在较显著异质性,消除异质性或采用亚组分析后,放射治疗与激光治疗比较差异无统计学意义,但激光治疗较放射治疗有更少的复发和更高的局部控制。而在死亡、总生存、喉保留方面,纳入文献异质性较小,进行合并后,得出在这3个方面,内镜下激光治疗更具优越性,与放射治疗后的结果相比,差异有统计学意义。结论:激光治疗可作为早期声门癌首选治疗方案。但对于肿瘤较大、侵犯前连合的患者,建议首选传统手术治疗。本研究中纳入的数据属回顾性研究,故需增加更多科学、严谨的研究数据或随机对照试验结果才可得出更科学的结论。     

经口CO2激光治疗早期声门型喉癌术后嗓音分析

目的探讨经口CO2激光手术治疗早期声门型喉癌术后的嗓音情况。方法回顾分析2016年3月—2019年6月接受经口CO2激光手术治疗的48例声门型喉癌患者嗓音资料,根据手术是否切除前连合分为未切除前连组合（n=29）和切除前连合组（n=19）。分别于手术前和手术后6个月的嗓音稳定期对患者进行主观嗓音障碍指数量表简化中文版（VHI 13）评分、频闪喉镜检查及嗓音声学分析。结果经口CO2激光手术后6个月检查VHI 13生理评分及总分均较手术前明显减低;频闪喉镜检查未切除前连合组以声带黏膜波减弱或消失为主要表现,而切除前连合组术后出现前连合粘连和室带代偿性发音的比例明显升高;嗓音声学分析发现,与术前比较,激光手术后基频（F0）增加,基频微扰(jitter)和振幅微扰(shimmer)增大,最长发声时间(MPT)缩短,嗓音障碍严重指数（DSI）减低;未切除前连合组患者振幅微扰较切除前连合组更低,最长发生时间更长,DSI更高。结论声门型喉癌经口CO2激光手术后患者的主观嗓音质量较术前有一定程度的改善,是否切除前连合与术后声带形态、嗓音质量有密切关系。     

Oncological outcomes of early glottic carcinoma treated with transoral robotic surgery

Objective

Although glottic level is an off-label use of da Vinci system, the feasibility and early-term outcomes of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for the treatment of early-stage (Tis, T1, T2) glottic carcinoma have been documented. But little is known about the oncological outcomes. We investigated the oncological outcomes of TORS in patients followed at least three years and mean follow-up time was over five years.

CO2 transoral laser microsurgery for early glottic carcinoma with anterior commissure involvement

ObjectiveAnterior commissure (AC) involvement is an unfavorable factor for transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) treatment of early glottic carcinoma (EGC). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of TLM treatment for EGC with AC involvement.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2017, 177 patients with T1-T2 EGC with AC involvement were retrospectively included and divided into the TLM group (n=115) receiving CO₂ laser TLM and the control group undergoing open surgery (n=62). The survival outcomes, postoperative complications, laryngeal preservation rate, recurrence and the phonological results were compared between groups.ResultThe TLM group had significantly reduced hospital stay, hospitalization costs, and intraoperative blood loss as compared with the control group. The tracheotomy rate was significantly higher in the control group (96.8% vs. 0%). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 89.6% and 85.5% in the TLM group and control group, respectively. Log-rank test showed no difference in survival rate between the two groups. There was no significant difference in laryngeal preservation rate and overall recurrence rate between groups. In postoperative vocal function evaluation, there were significant differences in the overall grade (G), the roughness (R), the breathiness (B), Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), Jitter, Shimmer, noise/harmonic ratio (NHR), maximum phonation time (MPT), phonation threshold pressure (PTP) between the two groups.ConclusionFor EGC with AC involvement, TLM has similar survival outcomes with the open surgery, but has better postoperative voice outcomes. Meanwhile, TLM can effectively reduce intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, hospitalization costs and postoperative complications.     

Vocal function following carbon dioxide laser surgery for glottic carcinoma

Vocal function following laser surgery for glottic T1a carcinoma was evaluated in 17 patients and compared to vocal function following radiotherapy in 14 patients. The results are summarized as follows. 1) A slight degree of hoarseness was found more frequently following laser surgery than following radiotherapy. The quality of hoarseness was rough and breathy in most cases. 2) In stroboscopic examination, incomplete glottal closure and diminution or lack of vibration of the operated vocal fold were frequently observed following laser surgery. 3) There was no marked difference in maximum phonation time, mean airflow rate, fundamental frequency range of phonation, intensity range of phonation, and intensity-flow ratio between the laser and the radiotherapy groups. On the basis of these results, we conclude that there is little difference in vocal function between postlaser and postradiotherapy patients as far as conversational voice is concerned.     

CO2激光手术治疗早期声门型喉癌疗效分析

目的：探讨经口内镜下CO2激光显微外科手术治疗早期声门型喉癌的疗效。方法：回顾性分析1999年10月～2004年8月接受CO2激光显微外科手术治疗声门型喉癌患者91例（Tis9例,pT1a45例,pT1b25例,pT212例）。声带切除方式按2000年欧洲喉科学会制定分类方案划分。结果：依照Kaplan-Meier方法计算5年局部无复发率：Tis100．00％,T1a93．33％,T1b84．00％,T275．00％,组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。病变侵犯前联合5年局部无复发率78．57％（6／28）,未侵犯前连合5年局部无复发率93．65％（4／63）,组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=4．348,PdO．05）。5年整体生存率92．72％,无瘤生存率84．62％。术后6个月GRBAS声音嘶哑评估：Ⅰ、Ⅱ型术后评分正常或轻度异常水平;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型手术术后嗓音大部分有轻度至中度嘶哑音。结论：CO2激光显微外科对治疗早期声门型喉癌是有效的治疗方法。     

Local recurrence after CO2 laser cordectomy for early glottic carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: To point out prognosis factors of local recurrence after endoscopic cordectomies for Tis, T1a, T1b, and T2 glottic squamous cell carcinomas. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of 110 patients treated from January 1990 to December 2000 at a single institution was retrospectively analyzed: 21 had Tis, 76 T1a, 7 T1b, and 6 T2 (mean follow-up 42 mo; range 1-160 mo). METHODS: The depth and extension of the excision were graded according to the European Laryngological Society Classification. Univariate analysis was used to review the impact on disease-free survival of factors related to the host, the tumor, and the treatment. RESULTS: According to the Kaplan-Meier method, the 5 year overall survival and the disease-free survival were 87% and 75%, respectively. The rates of cause-specific survival, ultimate local control with laser alone, and laryngeal preservation were 97%, 84%, and 90%, respectively. Univariate analysis by the log rank test revealed that vocal muscle infiltration (P = .001) and subglottic involvement (P = .02) have a significant impact on disease-free survival. Of the 22 patients with local recurrence (17 T1a, 1 T1b, and 4 T2), 9 were managed with total laryngectomy, 5 with partial laryngectomy, 4 with further laser cordectomy, 2 with radiotherapy, and 2 had no curative treatment. CONCLUSION: Transoral laser surgery for early glottic carcinoma is a valid alternative to radiotherapy and partial laryngectomy in terms of oncologic results. It offers low morbidity and excellent retreatment options in case of local failure. Careful patient selection for laser surgery is essential to secure good results.     

Endoscopic laser surgery for early glottic carcinoma: A clinical and experimental study

The purpose of this study is to define the indications for using the CO₂ laser for the treatment of early glottic cancer. For this purpose, 52 consecutive laser resections of Tis to T2 vocal cord carcinomas were studied prospectively. In addition, laser resection was performed in eight human cadaver larynges, which were then examined histologically using whole organ sections. Both tumor size and tumor location had important influences on tumor resectability by laser. All of the Tis, 78% of T1, and one of four T2 carcinomas were successfully treated by laser surgery alone. Of the 10 carcinomas involving the anterior commissure, only four could completely be resected with the laser; of these four, two recurred in the anterior commissure. This finding is corroborated by the histologic study, which clearly shows that anterior commissure resection poses problems. The only laser resection complication of early glottic cancer was persistent hoarseness in one third of the patients. It is concluded that CO₂ laser resection is a safe and effective alternative treatment for patients with Tis and T1 glottic carcinoma, provided the anterior commissure is free of tumor.     

Endoscopic surgery for early glottic carcinoma

Early glottic carcinoma, specifically stage I or II, can be treated with endoscopic excision, radiation therapy, or open partial laryngectomy. Over the past two decades, this topic has received intensive interest, and controversies have often focused on techniques and outcomes comparing the use of endoscopic excision versus radiation therapy. This article will discuss philosophy, techniques, and outcomes of resection using the endoscopic approach to early glottic carcinoma. Optimization through appropriate instrumentation, staging, and technical details are critical to postoperative oncologic and vocal outcomes. The reader must remember that over 90% of T1 lesions and approximately 75% of T2 lesions are curable, and therefore adherence to the principles described below is important to achieve these outcomes.     

Oncologic outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery versus open partial laryngectomies in the management of early stage glottic carcinoma

BackgroundThe oncologic outcomes between transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and open partial laryngectomy (OPL) using comprehensive analysis in one clinical center is rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oncologic outcomes of TLM in patients with early stage glottic carcinoma, and to compare the results with OPL.Subjects and methodsRecords of 425 glottic carcinoma patients with T1 - T2 stage treated with TLM, vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL), and cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) from 2005 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and laryngeal function preservation (LFP) of these three treatments were assessed.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-two patients were treated with TLM. Regarding OPL, 167 patients underwent VPL, and 136 patients underwent CHEP. The mean age was 59.7 years, with men accounting for 97.2 % of all cases. The OS, DSS, and LFP rates of patients with anterior commissure (AC) involvement undergoing TLM were worse than those of patients without AC involvement, but these differences were not statistically significant. The 5-year OS, DSS, and LFP of patients undergoing TLM were 88.4 %, 89.9 %, and 83.5 %, respectively, and the oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing TLM, VPL, and CHEP were not statistically different.ConclusionGlottic carcinoma patients with early stage treated with TLM experience satisfactory oncologic outcomes. No compelling difference in oncologic outcomes among three treatments of TLM, VPL and CHEP, as well as VPL and CHEP can be alternatives to patients who are not suitable for receiving TLM.     

Our experience in CO2 laser surgery for early glottic carcinoma

In the years 1990-2002 187 patients were treated laser microsurgery due to T1, T2 laryngeal cancer. One of the purposes of this work was analysis of resurgery cases due to recurrence of neoplasmatic process after laser cordectomy, therefore a group of 93 patients, treated in the years 1990-1997 was controlled. The local recurrence of neoplasmatic process was observed in 13 persons. The changes were once more removed in laser microsurgery in 5 patients. In 8 persons total laryngectomy was performed with subsequent radiological treatment. The best results of treatment were observed in patients in whom changes were limited to medial part of vocal cord while recurrences were the most often in patients with anterior commissure lesion. In case of recurrences after laser microsurgery all other kinds of possible treatment can be applied as, partial conventional surgery, total laryngectomy, X-ray therapy or repeated laser microsurgery. Functional evaluation of voice in 64 patients, who due to early stage of carcinoma were submitted unilateral CO2 laser cordectomy, was performed. The appearance and mobility of larynx were registered and evaluated in particular periods post surgery, the patients voices were registered and acoustic analysis submitted. Gradual voice improvement following the wound healing were observed in subjective patients evaluation as in objective one. In many cases very good functional results were obtained, which made possible for patients after CO2 laser cordectomy to continue work requiring good function of larynx. In 43 patients the psychological aspect of laser microsurgery influence was analyzed by use of anonymous questionnaires. It proofed, that in the majority of cases, the laser surgery had no influence for the social and company life of people submitted laser cordectomy. In 7 patients the views of larynx were very specific on the free edge of scar after removed vocal cord--spherical structure of 3-5 mm diameter has appeared in 2 to 6 months after laser cordectomy. In pathological examination--laryngitis chronica, granulatio--was stated. In further observation of patients no recurrences were observed. The described changes resemble granulomas and the most probably are caused by laser ray. Higher power lasers are useful, even when used at the same wattage as older models as they produce less carbonization of tissue during use.     

CO2激光与掺钕钇铝石榴石激光治疗声门型喉癌手术并发症的比较研究

目的 比较CO2和掺钕钇铝石榴石(Nd:YAG)两种激光治疗声门型喉癌的手术并发症的发生率,并探讨减少并发症的有效方法.方法 采用回顾性分析1999年1月1日至2008年12月31日在北京大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科接受支撑喉镜下CO2和Nd:YAG激光治疗的83例患者的临床资料,比较两组并发症的发生率.CO2激光治疗组32例,其中原位癌2例,T1N0M021例,T2N0M0 8例,T3N0M0 1例,采用非接触式脉冲激光;Nd:YAG激光治疗组51例,原位癌3例,T1N0M0 36例,T1N2M0 3例,T2N0M0 9例,采用光纤接触式激光.结果 CO2激光并发症共4例(12.5%),其中喉软骨膜炎1例(3.1%),舌体麻木1例(3.1%),门齿松动1例(3.1%),皮下气肿1例(3.1%);Nd:YAG激光并发症27例(52.9%),其中术后出血2例(3.9%),呼吸困难5例(9.8%),喉软骨膜炎7例(13.7%),肺部感染4例(7.8%),舌体麻木2例(3.9%),咽颈瘘1例(2.0%),声带固定4例(7.8%),喉狭窄2例(3.9%).结论 Nd:YAG激光较CO2激光更易发生手术并发症,少数并发症需要紧急处理,通过适当预防措施可以减轻并发症,避免严重后果.