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1.
摘要 背景:纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺作为新型植骨材料,应用于颈椎前路减压融合中,不仅可以减少患者取骨带来的并发症,而且具有稳定的植骨融合率。 目的:比较钛网和纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺应用于颈椎前路减压融合治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。 方法:对确诊的48例脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈前路椎体次全切减压融合钛板内固定。其中26例行钛网植骨,22例行纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺仿生骨植骨,采用JOA评分法评价神经功能的恢复,测量cobb角评价融合节段曲度。 结果与结论:48例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~14个月。置入后3个月JOA评分较置入前明显改善,两组对比JOA评分差异无显著性意义;置入后3,6个月钛网组及仿生骨组融合节段cobb角相对于置入后即刻变化差异有显著性意义,两组对比差异无显著性意义;置入后3个月钛网组2例患者出现钛网沉降,融合节段椎间高度丢失。结果表明纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺仿生骨作为颈椎前路融合植骨材料,融合率高,可以有效保持颈椎生理曲度及椎间高度,长期效果有待进一步观察。 关键词:颈椎病;钛质外科网;纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺;前路植骨融合;生物相容性 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.03.008  相似文献   

2.
背景:自体骨、骨替代材料及骨诱导再生技术可修复颌骨缺损,但由于新骨形成周期长、骨替代材料及骨诱导再生膜吸收快,缺损区新骨的体积和塑形受到影响。 目的:探讨个性化钛模板与纳米羟基磷灰石及自体骨在兔上颌骨牙槽嵴缺损修复中的作用。 方法:18只日本大耳白兔,随机分为2组,制作长10 mm,高5 mm的上颌牙槽嵴骨缺损,实验组骨缺损区由自体髂骨颗粒及缺损区制作中产生的自体骨颗粒与纳米羟基磷灰石填充,表面覆盖个性化钛模板,并螺钉固定;对照组缺损区只覆盖个性化钛模板并螺钉固定,缺损区不充填任何骨移植材料。观察术后4,8,12周的新骨生成情况、X射线表现及苏木精-伊红染色组织学改变。 结果与结论:术后4周时,实验组新骨形成明显优于对照组;术后8及12周时,两组形成的新骨无明显区别。经配对t检验,实验组和对照组在术后4周时新骨密度差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01),而在术后8周和12周时,新骨灰度值差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。提示自体骨及纳米羟基磷灰石可很好地修复上颌牙槽嵴缺损;个性化钛模板可起到屏障膜和新骨形成外支架的作用,有利于新骨的塑形。 关键词:上颌骨缺损;自体骨;纳米羟基磷灰石;个性化钛模板;口腔生物材料 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.16.001  相似文献   

3.
纳米羟基磷灰石修复兔颌骨缺损的组织学分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
背景:纳米材料修复骨缺损的临床应用组织相容性、生长特性、生物降解性及修复机制需进一步研究。 目的:观察纳米羟基磷灰石修复颌骨缺损模型兔的生长特性及生物相容性。 设计:随机分组动物实验。 单位:北京积水潭医院,佳木斯大学口腔医学院。 材料: 选用24只新西兰白兔,雌雄不拘, 体质量2.5~3.5 kg,由佳木斯大学动物实验中心提供。实验处置过程符合动物伦理标准。Nano-HA由佳木斯大学材料工程学院提供,常规高温高压消毒备用。普通HA购自武汉工业大学,粒径为1.0~2.0 μm。 方法:实验于2001-11/2006-05在佳木斯大学实验动物中心完成。摸球法将实验兔随机分为实验组和对照组,每组12只。各组实验兔在下颌骨体部造成直径1.5 cm的骨缺损,实验组以纳米羟基磷灰石修复,对照组以普通羟基磷灰石修复,于术后1,4,8,12周分别麻醉后处死,用医学图像分析系统分析各组分的组织生成量,并进行组织学定性和定量分析,观察材料的组织相容性及新生骨生成情况。 主要观察指标:材料的组织相容性及新生骨生成情况。 结果:实验组骨缺损修复区随时间增长修复材料被利用与新生组织结合成骨而不断减少,直至与正常骨接近而趋于稳定,对照组骨痂不能长入材料内。相关分析结果表明材料与新生骨之间呈直线负相关(r =-0.912 0,P < 0.01)。骨缺损的修复过程中新生骨与纳米羟基磷灰石之间相互关系密切,且随着新生骨不断产生、增多,修复材料被利用与新生组织结合成骨而不断减少。 结论:纳米羟基磷灰石可与新生骨组织结合且成骨较快,有良好的生物相容性。  相似文献   

4.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Chemical composition of nano-hydroxyapatite is close to the bone inorganic ingredients, has a good biological activity and biocompatibility, and can be used to repair damage hard tissue or lesions, has been widely used in plastic surgery and oral restoration. Its wide application as load-bearing implants is limited due to its brittleness. In recent years, nano- hydroxyapatite/organics composites have been widely investigated. OBJECTIVE: To review studies on nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin/polyvinyl-alcohol composites. METHODS: Databases of Science Direct and CNKI were retrieved between January 1994 and December 2009 using key words of “nano-hydroxyapatite; gel; PVA; composite” in English and in Chinese. Totally 126 related articles were selected. Earlier published, duplicated and similar studies were excluded, 24 articles were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Interaction between three phases in nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin/polyvinyl-alcohol composites showed polyvinyl-alcohol acts as a crosslink reagent. Due to increasing formation of chemical bonds and complex network structure in three phases, the interface binding and mechanical properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin/polyvinyl-alcohol composites were improved. Therefore, polyvinyl-alcohol would be a potential crosslink reagent, avoiding the pollution of aldehyde crosslink reagents.  相似文献   

5.
背景:羟基磷灰石与高分子复合材料作为组织工程材料的报道很多,但多为粉体材料或块状材料,用于修复治疗时均存在一定的局限性。 目的:制备纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖-明胶复合缓释微球,观察其体外释药特性。 设计、时间及地点:重复测量设计,于2008-01/10 在北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院生物功能高分子实验室完成。 材料:纳米羟基磷灰石、壳聚糖、明胶、庆大霉素。 方法:利用微波辅助法,在pH=7的条件下,制备了针状羟基磷灰石。采用W/O型复乳化-交联技术制备纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖-明胶载药复合微球。 主要观察指标:①纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖-明胶复合微球的表面形貌、粒径分布。②载药复合微球的载药量、包封率及药物累积释放率。 结果:①纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖-明胶载药复合微球形态均匀,其粒径主要集中在10~30μm,壳聚糖-明胶对羟基磷灰石形成了很好的包覆。②复合微球平均载药量32.97%,平均包封率49.20%,在3 d内对庆大霉素的释放达到88%左右。 结论:所制备的纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖-明胶载药复合微球形态均匀,粒径分布窄,再分散性好,3 d内能维持有效的药物浓度。  相似文献   

6.
羟基磷灰石是动物和人体骨骼的主要无机矿物成分,当羟基磷灰石的尺寸达到纳米级时将表现出一系列的独特性能。纳米羟基磷灰石既有纳米材料的特性,又有良好的生物相容性,在生物医学领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。文章介绍了纳米羟基磷灰石的历史发展、结构特性及制备方法。对纳米羟基磷灰石的发展前景进行了展望。指出:纳米羟基磷灰石的大批量工业化低成本制备尚存在一定困难,工业化设备的研发将是下一步研究的重点。此外,通过复合技术和涂层技术有望解决医用纳米羟基磷灰石材料的脆性问题。  相似文献   

7.
背景:纳米羟基磷灰石因其与天然骨中的盐类成分一致,与骨中羟基磷灰石的尺寸接近,因而成为骨修复材料的较好选择。 设计、时间及地点:材料学动物实验观察,2003-01/2005-06于佳木斯大学实验动物中心及北京积水潭医院完成。 目的:探讨纳米羟基磷灰石修复颌骨缺损的可行性。 材料:采用磷酸二氢钙和氢氧化钙中和反应构造体系,通过控制反应条件,适量加入形核剂,使反应物成为胶体状态,在不同反应条件下得到针状羟基磷灰石纳米晶体,再进行烧结除处理,得到羟基磷灰石纳米粒子,直径为1~56 nm。 方法:24只大耳白兔于颌下区备皮,麻醉后在下颌骨体部以GX微型钻机慢速制作一面积为1.5 cm×1.5 cm 的骨缺损。将24只大耳白兔随机分实验组和对照组,12只/组。实验组采用纳米羟基磷灰石修复,对照组采用普通羟基磷灰石修复,并应用抗生素5 d。 主要观察指标:纳米羟基磷灰石植入骨缺损后骨密度的变化。 结果:骨缺损修复后,实验组骨密度随时间的延长逐渐增大,直至与正常的骨密度接近并趋于稳定;对照组骨密度随时间的延长逐渐减小。实验组与对照组比较,差异有显著意义( P < 0.01) 。 结论:纳米羟基磷灰石修复骨缺损,骨成熟较快,是修复骨缺损的良好材料。  相似文献   

8.
目前研究的纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料可分为3类:纳米羟基磷石灰天然复合材料、纳米羟基磷石灰半合成复合材料和纳米羟基磷石灰合成复合材料。文章按照纳米羟基磷灰石及其复合材料的分类介绍了纳米羟基磷灰石及其复合材料生物学特性,证实了纳米羟基磷灰石及其复合材料可以更好地促进人牙周膜细胞的生长,从而修复破坏的牙槽骨,建立牙周新附着。将纳米磷石灰及其复合材料应用于牙周膜细胞,将材料技术应用到牙周细胞的分化、牙骨的形成、牙齿的矫正及牙齿新附着的建立研究方面有着非常广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
背景:目前在纳米羟基磷灰石生物安全性实验中发现其引起红细胞聚集现象,是纳米羟基磷灰石血液相容性研究中亟待解决的问题。 目的:探讨体外纳米羟基磷灰石引起红细胞聚集的机制。 设计、时间及地点:体外细胞形态学观察实验,于2004-03/2006-06在武汉理工大学生物材料与工程研究中心实验室完成。 材料:两种不同粒径羟基磷灰石粒子粉体由武汉理工大学生物医学材料与工程研究中心提供。 方法:溶血实验评价材料对兔红细胞的影响,并对材料与红细胞共培养后做细胞形态学观察,Bialsche法检测纳米羟基磷灰石粒子与唾液酸的吸附量,绘制吸附等温线,纳米羟基磷灰石粒子与唾液酸共吸附作红外光谱分析。 主要观察指标:纳米羟基磷灰石粒子对红细胞形态影响和超微结构观察,不同粒径的羟基磷灰石粒子对唾液酸的吸附量,纳米羟基磷灰石与唾液酸吸附后的红外光谱分析。 结果:纳米羟基磷灰石粒子与兔红细胞共培养后可导致红细胞聚集,并且对细胞表面的唾液酸有强烈的吸附作用,红外光谱结果表明两者有明显的相互作用。 结论:纳米粒子与红细胞体外共培养后,降低了细胞的Zeta电位和表面电荷密度,引起红细胞悬浮性下降,可能是导致聚集的发生的重要因素。  相似文献   

10.
背景:目前临床广泛使用不锈钢丝进行髌骨骨折内固定。根据镍钛合金的超弹性材料特性,设想改用镍钛合金丝进行固定,从生物力学角度,预期可获得更佳疗效。  目的:评价镍钛合金丝环形加“8”字固定髌骨骨折的生物力学稳定性,并与不锈钢丝进行比较。 设计、时间及地点:生物力学分析,于2002-07/2003-03在福建省骨伤研究所生物力学实验室完成。 材料:新鲜、无病变、保留股四头肌肌腱和髌韧带的髌骨,为7名因车祸及其他外伤而截肢的成年男性患者自愿捐献。 方法:股四头肌拉力以50,100,150,200,250,300 N加载和卸载两种方式作用于受试髌骨,应用电测法测量不完全横形髌骨骨折未经金属丝固定、钢丝环形加“8”字内固定及镍钛合金丝环形加“8”字内固定后的髌骨前面应力。 主要观察指标:镍钛合金丝内固定和不锈钢丝内固定对髌骨断面的加压作用。 结果:股四头肌拉力从150 N增加到300 N时,不锈钢丝固定对髌骨骨折断面的加压作用由0.289 4 MPa剧增至0.454 4 MPa,增加57.01%;同样情况下,镍钛合金丝固定对髌骨骨折断面的加压作用则仅由0.227 0 MPa缓增至0.285 1 MPa,增加25.59%。当股四头肌拉力从300 N降至150 N时,不锈钢丝固定对髌骨骨折断面的加压作用由0.436 5 MPa骤减至0.244 8 MPa,减少43.91%;而镍钛合金丝固定对髌骨骨折断面的加压作用则仅由0.231 6 MPa减至0.173 7 MPa,减少25.00%。 结论:与不锈钢丝固定相比,镍钛合金丝固定能对髌骨骨折断面提供持续的、小幅变化的加压作用。  相似文献   

11.
背景:损伤脊髓匀浆上清成分复杂,其中不仅存在多种化学物质,而且也存在着多种细胞因子,这些物质能否影响骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖分化和分泌功能还不清楚。 目的:探讨损伤脊髓匀浆上清成分对骨髓间充质干细胞分泌的脑源性神经营养因子和髓鞘前脂蛋白的影响。 方法:贴壁法分离纯化Wistar大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,稳定传到第3代后,分别用正常和损伤的Wistar大鼠脊髓匀浆上清诱导培养20 d。免疫荧光染色检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性细胞,ELISA法检测培养液内髓鞘前脂蛋白、脑源性神经营养因子的含量,即时定量-PCR检测髓鞘前脂蛋白mRNA、脑源性神经营养因子mRNA水平。 结果与结论:损伤脊髓匀浆上清液诱导培养骨髓间充质干细胞后,神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性细胞率和培养液内脑源性神经营养因子、髓鞘前脂蛋白的含量在各个时间点均较正常脊髓匀浆上清液对骨髓间充质干细胞培养组高。提示,损伤的脊髓匀浆上清液能够诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分泌脑源性神经营养因子、髓鞘前脂蛋白,有利于向神经细胞方向分化。  相似文献   

12.
背景:开放性跟腱断裂修复后康复时间长、并发症多、功能恢复不尽人意。目前尚缺乏系统、科学、简便、易行的运动疗法促进康复。 目的:观察运用运动疗法对跟腱损伤修补后的组织形态学和力学特性的影响。 方法:日本大耳白兔48只,随机分成制动组和运动组,在距跟腱止点2.0 cm处切断跟腱,建立跟腱损伤模型,缝合线缝合腱周组织后,制动组使用石膏绷带进行传统的重力垂足位长腿石膏固定;运动组不予固定处理。术后7,14,21d分别取跟腱标本,观察肌腱粘连情况及最大断裂应力。 结果与结论:制动组肌腱粘连较运动组明显(P < 0.05)。正常运动组跟腱的最大断裂应力明显高于制动组(P < 0.05)。说明在肌腱愈合的过程中,早期给予动态应力刺激,对促进组织的愈合、减少后遗症等十分有利。  相似文献   

13.
背景:碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮是聚醚醚酮的改进复合材料,改善了纯聚醚醚酮强度不足的缺点,扩大了其在各方面的使用范围。但若要成为应用于人体内的医用材料,必须具有良好的血液相容性。 目的:比较碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮和钛合金对人血细胞的影响,判断碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮是否具有良好的血液相容性。 设计、时间及地点:对比观察实验,于2008-06/08在吉林大学第三临床医学院中心实验室完成。 材料:取实心钛合金股骨干髓内针1根及含20%碳纤维的碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮样条若干,机加工成棒形试样(长5 mm,直径1 mm)各20个。 方法:在相同条件下,将钛合金和碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮2种材质的试件分别放置于新鲜人血中,通过观察溶血率,血小板激活程度以及白细胞激活程度判断材料的血液相容性。 主要观察指标:应用游离血红蛋白直接测定法测量材料溶血率;流式细胞术测量血小板CD62p、CD63含量和白细胞表面黏附分子CD11b/CD18表达。 结果:2种材料溶血率,血小板CD62p含量、CD63含量、白细胞表面黏附分子CD11b/CD18表达水平差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 结论:碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮和钛合金对人血红细胞、白细胞和血小板无显著影响,均具有良好的血液相容性。  相似文献   

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背景:稀土元素具有一定的生物效应,也有广谱抗菌、抗炎和抗病毒的能力,能提高涂层结合强度作用。 目的:在种植体涂层中引入稀土镧,对引入稀土元素镧的钛基超声辅助微弧氧化涂层的生物相容性进行评价。 方法:利用超声辅助微弧氧化在β型钛合金表面制备含镧生物涂层,并植入家兔股骨内。以钛合金基体和未加镧生物涂层作对照。采用光镜观察新骨形成,通过扫描电镜观察种植体与骨的结合情况和拔出种植体后其表面骨残留,并对骨接触率进行数据统计。 结果与结论:实验组种植体周围新骨形成良好,未见到纤维形成和破骨细胞;扫描电镜观察及骨接触率以实验组最好,钛合金组最差。结果说明超声辅助微弧氧化制备的含镧生物涂层具有与新骨良好结合的能力,显示出较好的生物相容性。 关键词:种植体;镧离子;钛合金;超声波;微弧氧化 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.29.008  相似文献   

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The topics covered in this issue of the International Review of Psychiatry reflect the importance of the interface between psychiatry and philosophy. This is particularly so at a time when the very matter of psychiatry is in debate, following the development of a coherent cognitive neuroscience. Issues include the nature of explanation of mental contents defined by intentionality. Attempts to define delusion reveal the need for clear thinking across the psychiatry-philosophy boundary. Philosophical analysis is similarly required in assessing the relationship between emotion and psychopathology. Finally, the changes seen in mental illness have implications for moral philosophy, in particular for moral accountability.  相似文献   

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OBJECTIVES: Understanding the role of religion and spirituality is significant for psychiatric practice. Implementation of formal education and training on religious and spiritual issues, however, is lacking. Few psychiatric residencies offer mandatory courses or evaluation of course utility. The authors present findings from a pilot study of a course on the interface between spirituality, religion, and psychiatry. Course objectives were to increase both residents' understanding of clinically relevant spiritual/religious issues and their comfort in addressing these issues in their clinical work. METHODS: A 6-hour mandatory course was implemented for third- and fourth-year psychiatry residents at the University of British Columbia. Teaching sessions consisted of didactic and case-based modules delivered by multidisciplinary faculty. The Course Impact Questionnaire, a 20-item Likert scale, was used to assess six areas: personal spiritual attitudes, professional practice attitudes, transpersonal psychiatry, competency, attitude change toward religion and spirituality, and change in practice patterns. A pre/post study design was used with the questionnaire being administered at week 0, week 6, and 6 months follow-up to two groups of residents (N=30). Qualitative feedback was elicited through written comments. RESULTS: The results from this pilot study showed that there was increased knowledge and skill base for residents who participated in the sessions. Paired t test analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between the pre- and postsession scale for competency. No other statistically significant differences were found for the other components. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest improvement in the competency scores for residents and overall usefulness of this course; however, limited conclusions can be made due to a small sample size and lack of adequate comparison groups. Establishing educational significance will require gathering larger usable control data as well as validation of the Course Impact Questionnaire tool to distinguish between different skill levels.  相似文献   

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Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is caused by a transient optic nerve ischemia and results in permanent vision loss. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this ischemic optic nerve injury. This study characterized the duration and extent of ischemia induced after a coagulopathy injury to the optic nerve of adult rats. Acute ischemia was induced in adult rats by intravenous injection of Rose Bengal dye, followed by argon green laser treatment of the vessels at the optic disc. Rats were assessed in the short-term for hypoxyprobe-1 binding and expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and fractin, markers of neuronal injury. Five months after injury, optic axon number was quantified. The coagulopathy injury resulted in short-term hypoxia in the optic nerve and retina. Tissues were hypoxic within 15 min of the coagulopathy injury, but normoxic by 24 h as measured by hypoxyprobe-1 staining. Both HIF-1alpha and fractin were upregulated in ganglion cells variably across the retina. Five months after the ischemic injury, there was a 71% reduction in optic axon number compared to controls. It is critical to have a reproducible and relevant method for producing transient hypoxia in order to test therapeutic strategies for rescuing injured neurons. The coagulopathy induced in this study resulted in a reproducible and transient ischemic optic nerve injury and long-term axonal loss. This ischemia shows similar, although not identical, morphological and physiological changes to those seen in the human eye after optic nerve ischemia. We are currently testing therapeutic strategies to protect ganglion cells from degeneration after this ischemic injury.  相似文献   

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper reviews the often-enigmatic relationships between dizziness and psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric causes of dizziness, neuro-otologic causes of anxiety, underrecognized co-morbid conditions, and medical illnesses that masquerade as 'psychogenic' dizziness are examined. Key clinical features and data from recent treatment trials are presented with potential pathophysiologic mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS: Investigations at the interface between psychiatry and neuro-otology have identified the distinguishing features of several clinical conditions that present with non-vertiginous dizziness, subjective imbalance, and psychiatric symptoms. The most common condition is chronic subjective dizziness; a refinement of earlier concepts of psychogenic dizziness, phobic postural vertigo, and space-motion phobia. Chronic subjective dizziness is consistent with advancing research on anxiety and somatoform disorders and offers greater insights into the relationships between neuro-otologic illnesses and anxiety. Migraine, post-concussional syndrome, and dysautonomias also cause persistent dizziness and may be misdiagnosed or malingering or psychogenic dizziness because they often present with comorbid psychiatric symptoms in the absence of identifiable vestibular deficits. SUMMARY: Recent research has defined the key features of several medical-psychiatric conditions that cause chronic dizziness, permitting greater diagnostic precision and insight into underlying pathophysiologic processes. Treatment studies have identified potentially effective interventions, which must be evaluated in controlled clinical trials.  相似文献   

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