首发脑卒中后抑郁患者相关因素和氢质子磁共振波谱分析

目的研究首发卒中后抑郁的相关因素和氢质子磁共振波谱（1H—MRS）的变化。方法将卒中后抑郁可能相关的因素进行单因素相关分析及多元回归分析,同时进行氢质子磁共振波谱的测定。结果左侧大脑半球前部病灶、神经功能缺损评分（DND）、对照顾人的满意程度、家庭和社会支持情况（SSRS）、内向不稳定性格等因素是与PSD发生密切相关的主要因素。PSD患者1H—MRS显示脑卒中PSD左侧额叶白质区Cho／Cr值均较对照组升高。结论1H—MRS尚不足以反映出抑郁症的严重程度,即Cho／Cr比值还不能用来判定PSD的分级或程度。PSD的发生是神经生物学因素和社会心理理学因素共同作用的结果,HAMD评分仍是目前临床判断PSD的主要手段。     

氢质子磁共振波谱在轻度认知障碍中的诊断价值

目的探讨氢质子磁共振波谱分析（1H．MRS）在轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析22例MCI患者接受’H．MRS检查的资料,并与18例年龄、性别、受教育程度相匹配的认知功能正常的健康体检者进行对照。所有受检者均为右利手,采用激励回波采样模式检测,计算双侧大脑额中回皮质下白质区和双侧海马的N-乙酰天冬氨酸／肌酸（NAA／Cr）、肌醇／肌酸（mI／Cr）,肌醇／NAA（mI／NAA）等的比值,并比较各组比值间的差异。结果①MCI组的左额中回皮质下白质、左海马、右海马NAA／Cr比值分别为（1．29±0．18）、（1．30±0．18）、（1．20±0．23）,均低于对照组的（1．83±0．14）、（1．54±0．22）、（1．37±0．16）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;MCI组的右额中回皮质下白质NAA／Cr比值为（1．32±0．19）,低于对照组的（1．35±0．24）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②MCI组的左额中回皮质下白质、左海马、右海马mI／Cr比值分别为（0．66±0．12）、（1．02±0．14）、（0．68±0．06）,均高于对照组的（0．56±0．09）、（0．89±0．09）、（0．52±0．05）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;MCI组的右额中回皮质下白质mI／Cr比值为（0．56-4-0．08）,低于对照组（O．58±0．07）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。⑧MCI组的左额中回皮质下白质、左海马、右海马mI／NAA比值分别为（0．52±0．12）,（0．80-t-O．15）,（0．59±0．13）,均高于正常对照组的（0．30±0．04）,（0．59±0．10）,（0．39±0．06）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;MCI组的右额中回皮质下白质mI／NAA比值为0．44±0．09,与正常对照组的0．44±0．11比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论1H－MRS检测MCI患者的左额中回皮质下白质、双侧海马NAA／Cr比值低于正常对照组,mI／Cr和mI／NAA比值高于正常对照组。这些指标的变化可为MCI的早期诊断提供依据。     

盐酸多奈哌齐干预血管性痴呆患者后的磁共振波谱分析

目的 利用氢质子磁共振波谱分析(1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1 H-MRS)技术研究脑卒中后血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)患者颞叶海马区细胞代谢水平及给予盐酸多奈哌齐后,细胞代谢水平的改变及其与临床症状的关系.方法 脑卒中VD组18例,男性16例,女性2例,平均年龄(76.9±2.7)岁,符合痴呆的《神经病诊断和统计手册》第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准;脑卒中非VD组13例,男性11例,女性2例,平均年龄(76.2±3.6)岁;正常对照组来源于门诊就诊者,共14例,男性12例,女性2例,平均年龄(75.1±2.4)岁.所有入组者均行简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分以及1H-MRS检测患者双侧颞叶海马区细胞代谢水平.脑卒中VD组在盐酸多奈哌齐治疗6个月后复查MMSE评分及1H-MRS检查.结果 脑卒中VD组患者双侧颞叶海马区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸盐(NAA)/肌酸(Cr)比值较正常对照组及脑卒中非VD组均有显著下降(F=4.23、4.98,均P＜0.05);而双侧胆碱复合物(Cho)/Cr比值较正常对照组显著升高(P=0.005、0.010),较脑卒中非VD组左侧有显著升高(P=0.038),但右侧差异无统计学意义(P=0.066).脑卒中非VD组NAA/Cr比值及Cho/Cr比值较正常对照组虽有变化,但差异无统计学意义.脑卒中VD组MMSE评分与双侧颞叶海马区NAA/Cr及Cho/Cr比值有相关性,且MMSE分数越低,NAA/Cr比值越低,而Cho/Cr比值则越高.应用盐酸多奈哌齐干预治疗脑卒中VD组患者6个月后,患者MMSE及ADL评分均有显著提高(均P＜0.05);双侧颞叶海马区NAA/Cr比值无明显改善(t=-2.02、-2.04,均P＞0.05),而双侧颞叶海马区Cho/Cr比值有显著下降(t=2.86、2.23,均P＜0.05).结论 1 H-MRS技术可能有助于早发现脑卒中后血管性痴呆;盐酸多奈哌齐可通过调整脑内胆碱能系统,改善血管性痴呆患者的认知功能.     

氢质子磁共振波谱检测体外心脏心肌脂肪变性

目的评价氢质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)技术对判断体外心脏心肌细胞脂肪变性程度的可行性与准确性。方法使用1.5 T磁共振扫描仪扫描10例体外心脏标本,于左心室中部心腔层面左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)、右冠状动脉(RCA)支配区各选一感兴趣区,行1H-MRS扫描,分别计算出各谱线中甘油三酯(TG)含量百分比。分析3支血管支配区域内的波谱检测心肌脂肪含量百分比及脂肪变性心肌细胞计数的相关性。结果所有谱线均可靠有效并可进行分析。心肌1H-MRS共可见5个波峰,分别是水峰、肌醇峰、胆碱峰、肌酸峰和TG峰。3支血管支配区内波谱测定脂肪含量百分比的差异无显著性意义(P=0.868),镜下计数也无显著差异(P=0.101)。波谱测定脂肪含量百分比与镜下脂肪变性细胞计数呈正相关(P=0.001)。结论体外心脏1H-MRS技术,具有高度的可行性,脂肪含量百分比与镜下脂肪变性细胞计数呈正相关。     

慢性脑缺血大鼠学习记忆损害与海马磁共振波谱分析

目的探讨慢性脑缺血对大鼠空间学习记忆功能及海马区神经细胞代谢物水平的影响及后两者的相关性。方法雄性10月龄SD大鼠30只,随机分为缺血组、假手术组和对照组,每组10只。行Morris水迷宫实验及质子磁共振波谱(~1H-MRS)扫描,计算左侧海马区N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)/总肌酸(Cr)、胆碱复合物(Cho)/Cr的积分面积比值。结果缺血组大鼠定位航行的平均逃逸时间较假手术组和对照组明显延长,停留于平台所在区域的时间及穿越平台区域次数均较假手术组和对照组明显减少(P0.01)。缺血组大鼠左侧海马区Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr水平较假手术组和对照组明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。各组大鼠左侧海马NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr水平与对应停留时间、穿越平台区域次数的变化趋势呈正相关。结论持续性低血流灌注可导致大鼠海马区神经元的功能代谢水平降低及学习记忆能力明显受损,海马区神经元的功能活性下降是认知障碍的重要机制之一。     

磁共振弥散加权成像与卒中后抑郁的相关研究

目的：通过对急性缺血性脑卒中患者进行磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）检查和随访,结合急性缺血性脑卒中的相关危险因素及卒中的严重程度,探究磁共振DWI上新发生的卒中病灶位置与卒中后抑郁（PSD）之间的关系,对急性缺血性脑卒中患者在预防PSD方面提供帮助,从根本上改善卒中患者的预后和生存质量。方法选择2013年5至11月于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院神经内科三病房就诊且符合本试验入组标准的急性缺血性脑卒中患者70例。所有患者入院后对其性别、年龄、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、冠心病病史、吸烟史、饮酒史、文化水平等进行登记,给予适当的改善循环、营养神经及控制相关危险因素的治疗,并完善磁共振DWI及其他相关的实验室检查,院外要求继续相应的二级预防并对其进行相关临床资料的分析和随访（自入院起2周、1个月、3个月）,观察并比较各时间点PSD的发病率及其与磁共振DWI上新病灶的关系。结果DWI上具有新病灶的急性缺血性卒中患者发病3个月内PSD发病率比较：多发脑梗死（75.00％）＞额叶梗死（50.00％）＞边缘系统梗死（21.43％）＞基底节区梗死（12.50％）,且各组患者间PSD发病率的比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2周时PSD发病率比较：多发脑梗死（50.00％）＞额叶梗死（18.75％）＞边缘系统梗死（7.14％）＞基底节区梗死（0）,且各组患者间PSD发病率的比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DWI上显示多发脑梗死的患者不同随访时间PSD发病率的比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论2周时及3个月内PSD的发病率与DWI上新病灶之间有关,且DWI上显示多发脑梗死者PSD的发病率高于单个脑区梗死者;DWI上显示多发脑梗死者PSD的发病率与随访时间有关;DWI上显示单个脑区（额叶、边缘系统、基底节区）梗死者PSD?     

33例活体肝脏磁共振氢质子波谱分析

使用1.5T磁共振仪对10例健康查体者（正常对照组）、20例肝硬化（肝硬化组）和10例肝癌（肝癌组）患者行磁共振氢质子波谱（^1H-MRS）分析。结果显示波谱检查成功率为82.5%（33/40）,^1H-MRS图像由2个主要的代谢物波峰脂质峰群（Lip）和胆碱复合物峰（Cho）组成;正常组、肝硬化组、肝癌组Cho峰显示率分别为50%（5/10）、87%（13/15）、100%（8/8）,且波峰高度逐渐升高;6例肝癌病灶于3.35～3.9 ppm检测到糖原/葡萄糖复合物峰（Glyu）。认为^1H-MRS可无创性显示肝脏疾病的生化和代谢改变,且正常肝组织、肝硬化和肝癌组织中代谢物波峰形态和数目不同,此可为肝硬化和肝癌的诊治提供理论依据。     

脑卒中后抑郁患者抗抑郁治疗磁共振波谱分析研究

目的利用MRS技术研究影像学与脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)的关系。方法PSD组30例,符合DSMIV抑郁症状学、严重程度和病程标准。正常老年对照组20例。给予颅MRI、MRS检查。PSD组给予帕罗西汀(20～40)mg·qd。半年后随访颅MRI、MRS。结果PSD组患者双侧颞叶、丘脑NAA/Cr比值、Cho/Cr比值与正常对照组相比,存在统计学差异(P<005、P<001)。PSD组双侧Cho/Cr比值呈不对称性,左侧大于右侧(P<001)。PSD组汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分与左右颞叶Cho/Cr比值存在相关性(r左=0454,P=0012;r右=0373,P=0042)。PSD组患者在给予抗抑郁药物治疗后其双侧颞叶、丘脑NAA/Cr比值、Cho/Cr比值均有不同程度的下降(P<005);相关分析发现HAMD各因子分及总评分下降的程度与双侧颞叶、丘脑NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值下降程度之间不存在相关性。结论对脑卒中患者同时行MRI、MRS检查,测定双侧颞叶、丘脑Cho/Cr比值可以帮助早期判别PSD。     

抑郁大鼠海马区代谢指标的动态变化及意义

目的探讨大鼠抑郁模型海马区各项代谢指标的变化特征及动态变化规律。方法将40只SD大鼠随机分成对照组及抑郁组各20只,抑郁组利用孤养及慢性轻度不可预见性应激(CUMS)相结合的方法建立抑郁模型,共应激8周。实验前及每周末对各组海马进行3.0T超高场MRI扫描及磁共振质子波谱检测,指标包括N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)、谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸(Glx)、肌醇(MI)。结果与对照组相比,抑郁组左侧海马Glx/Cr值第3周开始下降、第4～8周基本维持恒定,右侧海马Glx/Cr值于第4周开始下降、第4～8周基本维持恒定(P<0.05);左侧海马Cho/Cr值于第4周升高、第5～8周升高更加明显,右侧海马Cho/Cr值于第6周升高、第7～8周升高更加明显(P<0.05);左侧海马MI/Cr值于第4周升高、第5～8周升高更加明显,右侧海马MI/Cr值于第6周升高、第7～8周升高更加明显(P<0.05);双侧海马NAA/Cr值未见明显差别。结论抑郁大鼠海马的代谢指标出现异常并呈一定规律性动态变化,此可能为构成抑郁症发病机制的神经生物学基础。     

脑缺血后抑郁大鼠脑磁共振波谱研究及颐脑解郁方的干预作用

目的 采用在体磁共振波谱技术(1H-MRS)研究脑缺血后抑郁大鼠模型的脑内代谢变化及中药颐脑解郁方的干预作用.方法 采用去皮层血管结合孤养、慢性不可预知性应激的方法复制脑缺血后抑郁大鼠模型,采用在体磁共振波谱技术,观察大鼠左侧海马的代谢变化及颐脑解郁方的干预作用.结果 脑缺血后抑郁大鼠脑裂明显扩大(P<0.01);中药治疗组和西药对照组大鼠脑裂宽度较模型组有所减小趋势.模型组大鼠海马区域NAA/Cr较正常组降低(P<0.05);中药治疗组大鼠海马区域NAA/Cr与模型组相比有所增加(P<0.05);西药对照组大鼠海马区域NAA/Cr低于正常组(P<0.05),而与模型组相比则无明显变化.模型组、中药治疗组、西药对照组大鼠海马区域Cho/Cr明显低于正常组(P<0.01);而与模型组相比,中药治疗组、西药对照组大鼠海马区域Cho/Cr变化不明显.结论 脑缺血后抑郁大鼠存在脑萎缩,海马神经元的损伤和功能紊乱.中药颐脑解郁方具有保护和改善神经元功能的作用.     

Cerebral proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy

Abstract: Background/Aims: In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to study cerebral metabolism non-invasively. We aimed to correlate ¹H and ³¹P magnetic resonance spectral abnormalities in the brains of patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Methods: Eighteen patients were studied at 1.5T, with combined ¹H and ³¹P magnetic resonance spectra obtained from multiple voxels in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. Peak area ratios of choline, glutamine/glutamate, relative to creatine in the ¹H spectra and percentage phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters and βNTP signals relative to total ³¹P signals in the ³¹P spectra were measured. Results: Six patients did not complete the full examination –³¹P results are available from 12 patients only. Relative to creatine, there were reductions in choline and elevations in glutamine/glutamate, varying across the brain with choline significantly reduced in occipital cortex (p<0.05) and glutamine/glutamate most significantly elevated in temporo-parietal cortex (p<0.0001). Percentage phosphomonoester (p<0.05), phosphodiester (p<0.05) and βNTP (p<0.005) signals were significantly decreased in basal ganglia spectra. No correlation was found between the magnitude of ¹H and ³¹P MRS changes, except between percentage phosphodiester decrease and glutamine/glutamate to creatine increase in occipital cortex. Conclusion: The results of this study point to a multifactorial aetiology for this condition.     

Cerebral diffusion tensor imaging and in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure

Background and Aim:  Cerebral edema is a major complication in patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolite alterations and cerebral edema in patients with FHF using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging, and to look for its reversibility in survivors.
Methods:  Ten FHF patients along with 10 controls were studied. Five of the 10 patients who recovered had a repeat imaging after three weeks. N-acetylaspartate, choline (Cho), glutamine (Gln), glutamine/glutamate (Glx), and myoinositol ratios were calculated with respect to creatine (Cr). Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated in different brain regions.
Results:  Patients exhibited significantly increased Gln/Cr and Glx/Cr, and reduced Cho/Cr ratios, compared to controls. In the follow-up study, all metabolite ratios were normalized except Glx/Cr. Significantly decreased Cho/Cr were observed in deceased patients compared to controls. In patients, significantly decreased MD and FA values were observed in most topographical locations of the brain compared to controls. MD and FA values showed insignificant increase in the follow-up study compared to their first study.
Conclusions:  We conclude that the Cho/Cr ratio appears to be an in vivo marker of prognosis in FHF. Decreased MD values suggest predominant cytotoxic edema may be present. Persistence of imaging and MRS abnormalities at three weeks' clinical recovery suggests that metabolic recovery may take longer than clinical recovery in FHF patients.     

正常人颞叶质子磁共振波谱研究

目的 运用质子磁共振波谱（^1H—MRS）研究年龄对正常人颞叶脑组织代谢物浓度的影响。方法 将80例健康人分为4个不同年龄组并对双侧颞叶进行^1H—MRS检测，对比分析不同年龄组的颞叶N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸（NAA）／肌酸复合物（Cr）和含胆碱化合物（Cho）／Cr比值的变化。结果 随着年龄的增长，在≤50岁年龄段颞叶的NAA／Cr和Cho／Cr比值无明显改变（P〉0．05），但在〉50岁年龄段颞叶的NAA／Cr比值逐渐降低（P〈0．05）、Cho／Cr比值逐渐增高（P〈0．05）。结论 ^1H-MRS是一种可以为正常人颞叶与年龄相关的代谢物浓度改变提供有价值信息的无创技术。     

Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy

Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver disorder can either be related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In both conditions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ALD, NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. To determine increased liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard. Besides the...     

A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of aging and transformed human fibroblasts

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) has been used to monitor changes occurring during aging and transformation in human lung fibroblasts. Aging was studied in MRC-5 cells from nonsenescent (early passage) to presenescent (late passage) and senescence. Nonsenescent cells infected with SV40 virus (pretransformed) were monitored through crisis and subsequent immortalization. Aging changes were observed with one- and two-dimensional MR spectra. Cholesterol and lipid resonances were significantly increased from nonsenescent cultures to senescence. These changes could be caused by chemical or structural changes in the plasma membrane or in intracellular lipid pools. In contrast, choline levels rose from nonsenescent to presenescent cells but at senescence dropped to that of nonsenescent cells. Increased choline levels are often associated with increased cellular proliferation. After SV40 infection of MRC-5 cells there was an increase of cholesterol and lipid levels that peaked at crisis. Newly immortalized cells exhibited a drop in cholesterol and lipid to nonsenescent cell levels, but these rose again in established immortalized cells. In contrast to presensescent cultures, the levels of choline gradually increased from pretransformed to crisis phase but still continued to rise after immortalization. Thus, ¹H MRS illustrates similarities in lipid behavior at senescence and crisis, whereas the choline levels are different.     

In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver tumors and metastases

Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide. The liver is also the second most common site for metastatic spread of cancer. To assist in the diagnosis of these liver lesions non-invasive advanced imaging techniques are desirable. Magnetic resonance (MR) is commonly used to identify anatomical lesions, but it is a very versatile technique and also can provide specific information on tumor pathophysiology and metabolism, in particular with the application ...     

脑梗死患者磁共振质子波谱的变化

目的　研究脑梗死时磁共振质子波谱 (1 HMRS)的变化 ,并探讨其与临床的相关性。方法　对 14例脑梗死患者行病变区及对侧相应部位1 HMRS检查 ,同时测定神经功能缺损评分 (MESSS) ,出院时测定Barthel指数 (BI)。结果　与对照侧比较 ,病变侧N 乙酰天冬氨酸 (NAA) 肌酸 (Cr)显著减少 ,且减少程度与MESSS、BI均有相关性 ,NAA Cr减少程度与MESSS评分呈正相关 ,与BI评分呈负相关。胆碱复合物 (Cho) Cr无明显变化。结论　脑梗死后NAA Cr明显降低 ,降低程度与临床表现具有相关性 ,测定NAA Cr对判断病情和估计预后具有重要意义