腹股沟直疝疝囊突入阴囊原因分析

目的 探讨腹股沟直疝疝囊突入阴囊的原因。 方法 回顾性分析2003年9月至2008年10月四川大学华西医院疝与腹壁外科治疗及培训中心收治的417例次腹股沟直疝病人的临床资料。 结果 417例次腹股沟直疝病人,疝囊突入阴囊7例（突入阴囊组）,发生率为1.7% 。与未突入组相比,突入组病程更长,疝囊及疝环口更大,多有慢性咳嗽等致长期腹内压增加因素。结论 腹股沟疝直疝疝囊可突入阴囊,其发病与高龄、病程长、疝囊巨大以及合并有慢性支气管炎等疾病致长期腹内压增加有关。     

经关节突入路治疗胸椎间盘突出症的疗效分析

[目的]评价经关节突入路的手术方法治疗胸椎间盘突出症的效果。[方法]对本院2000年1月，2004年1月手术治疗的胸椎间盘突出症患者进行统计，获得随访的前外侧入路20例，经关节突入路22例，进行回顾性分析。使用SPSS 11．5对临床数据进行统计学处理。[结果]在手术时间上经关节突入路优于前外侧入路，在手术中出血量、临床症状改善率以及神经损伤发生率上两种手术方式没有显著差异性。[结论]经关节突入路治疗胸椎间盘突出症可以缩短手术时间，但在术中出血量、再手术率以及神经损伤发生率上与常规的前外侧入路没有统计学上的差异。     

腰椎间盘突入硬脊膜内1例治疗体会

我院于2001年5月收治1例腰椎间盘的髓核突入硬脊膜内的患者，现将治疗体会报告如下。     

青少年腰椎间盘突出症

我院从１９７０～１９８９年手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症５１２例，其中１０～２０岁发病者１９例，占椎间盘手术３．７１％。青少年的腰椎间盘突出仅在椎间盘存在缺陷或较明显外伤时发病。其临床表现与成年人有很大差异：腰腿痛较轻，神经功能改变较少见，而腰部异常僵硬，脊柱异常后突或侧弯，直腿抬高试验呈强阳性。体检常不易确诊及定位。由于明显外伤常致软骨终板破裂且与局部纤维环一起突入椎管，一般突出较大，非手术疗法常无效，手术应将突入椎管内之软骨板及纤维环一并摘除。     

保留棘突椎板的经关节突入路治疗胸椎椎间盘突出症

目的探讨保留棘突椎板的经关节突入路治疗胸椎椎间盘突出症的手术方法及疗效。方法 2009年10月～2011年8月,采用保留棘突椎板的经关节突入路治疗8例单节段胸椎椎间盘突出症患者,其中男6例,女2例;年龄24～49岁,平均35.4岁;病程1～9个月,5例有外伤史,其余发病无明显诱因。单纯椎间盘突出5例,合并后纵韧带骨化1例,合并椎体后缘骨赘形成2例。病变节段为T8/T91例,T9/T102例,T10/T112例,T11/T121例,T12/L12例。手术保留棘突椎板,采用经双侧关节突入路切除突出椎间盘、骨化的后纵韧带及后缘骨赘。8例均采用双侧相邻节段钉棒固定。结果 8例患者均获得随访,随访时间3～15个月,平均9个月。疗效评价参照Epstein标准,优6例,良1例,差1例,优良率87.5%（7/8）。结论保留棘突椎板的经关节突入路切除突出的胸椎椎间盘可获得满意疗效。     

推拿斜扳法致腰椎间盘突入硬膜囊内2例分析

腰椎间盘突入硬膜囊内临床少见.此种类型的椎间盘突出马尾神经损伤严重,愈后较差.我院1994年3月至2002年2月手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症1100余例,2例经推拿斜扳治疗后病情加重,手术证实椎间盘突入硬膜囊内,占0.18%,分析如下:     

手术治疗髋臼底骨折合并髋关节中央型脱位

我们从 1990～ 1998年收治陈旧性髋臼底骨折合并髋关节中央型脱位 38例 ,经手术折页式截骨 ,克氏针固定 ,术后牵引治疗 ,取得满意疗效。1　临床资料本组 38例中 ,男 2 8例 ,女 10例 ;年龄 17～ 6 0岁。骨折时间 4～ 12周。合并股骨骨折 2例 ,合并肝破裂 3例 ,合并脾破裂 5例。ＣＴ及Ｘ线检查发现 6例股骨头全部突入盆腔 ,32例部分突入盆腔。2　治疗方法硬膜外麻醉生效后 ,垫高患侧骨盆 ,取髂腹股沟切口 ,沿骨盆内侧壁钝性剥离 ,直至显露髋臼底骨折处。见髋臼底骨折片向盆内侧掀起 ,并已畸形愈合 ,部分或全部股骨头突入盆腔。用骨凿凿断畸形…     

腰椎间盘突入硬膜囊内不全性游离1例报告

腰椎间盘突入硬膜囊内不全性游离１例报告李健１程立明１张平１患者，女性，３４岁。因１９９４年８月搬抬重物时扭伤腰部而致腰痛，伴右下肢放射性麻痛。曾在当地医院进行推拿按摩及中西医治疗，症状反复发作。１９９６年２月下旬起，腰腿痛症状突然加重，呈持续性烧灼样...     

破裂型腰椎间盘突出症16例分析

破裂型腰椎间盘突出症１６例分析季祝永，夏武庆我院于１９８７年至１９９２年在对腰椎间盘突出症患者施行手术治疗的过程中，发现有１６例椎间盘破裂，椎间性组织突入或游离入椎管内形成不同部位的压迫，现报告如下：临床资料本组１６例中，男性１１，女性５例。年龄４０...     

腰椎间盘突入硬膜囊内七例分析与病理机制探讨

作者自１９７４年至今共施行腰椎间盘摘除术２３８０例，其中７例（占０．２９％）为椎间盘硬膜囊内突入，根据本组病例观察，椎间盘突入硬膜囊内与各种复合因素导致间盘组织，后纵韧带与硬膜囊间炎性粘连，使硬膜囊相对固定于椎管前壁而易致撕有关，病人即有中央型惟间盘突出症的表现，又具马尾肿瘤的特性，往往需配合脊髓造影或加用ＣＴＭ协助作出诊断，一旦确诊应尽早手术治疗，避免马尾神经长期受压粘连变性。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.